Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE) PDF Download

Two Port network

h - PARAMETERS OR HYBRID PARAMETERS

  • The hybrid parameters (h- parameters) would find wide usage in electronic circuit, especially in constructing models for transistors. 
  • The par ameters of a transistor cannot be measured either by short-circuit admittance parameter measurement or open circuit impedance parameter measurement alone.

Because of the forward bias of the base-emitter junction, the device has a very low input resistance. For open-circuit impedance measurement of Z12 and Z22, it is very difficult to make the input open circuited. Z11 and Z12 can be measured by open circuit impedance measurements, since the collector-emitter junction is reversed biased.

  • By making a short-circuit admittance parameter measurement, Y12 and Y22 can be measured by short-circuiting the input port, but Y11 and Y21 cannot be measured since the collector emitter junction is reverse biased. 
  • By making a short-circuit admittance parameter measurement. Y12 and Y22 can be measured by short circuiting the input port, but Y11 and Y21 cannot be measured since the collector-emitter junction is reverse biased. 
  • Some kind of parameter representation is required by which some parameters are measured by open circuiting the input ort, while the rest of the parameters can be measured by short-citcuiting the output port. This is the socalled hybrid parameter representation.
  • This parameter representation is a hybrid of shortcircuit admittance and open-circuit impedance measurement. 
  • One set of equations result when the voltage o the input port and the current of the output por are expressed in terms of the current of the input port and the voltage of the output port, in the form

V1 = h11I1 + h12V2

I2 = h21I+h22V2

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)
Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

where,hi : input impedance with the output short-circuited.

hr : reverse voltage gain with the input open-circuited.

hf : Forward current gain with the output short-circuited.

ho : Output admittance with the input open-circuited

Condition of Reciprocity

h12 = - h 21 

Condition of Symmetry

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

h-parameter Equivalent Circuit

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

g-PARAMETERS OR INVERSE HYBRID PARAMETERS
I1 = g11 V1 + g12I2

V2 = g21V1 + g22I2

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)
The g-parameters can be defined as,

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)..... (i.e. input admittance with output open circuited)

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)...(i.e. forward voltage gain with output open circuited)

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)......(i.e. forward voltage gain with output open circuited)

  Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)....(i.e. output impedance with input short circuited)

Condition of Reciprocity 

g12 = - g21

Condition of Symmetry

  Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

g-parameter Equivalent Circuit
Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

INTER RELATIONS IN NETWORK PARAMETERS

Y - parameter in terms of Z-parameters

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

ABCD-parameters in terms of Z- parameters

 V1 = Z11I1 + Z12I2
V2 = Z21I1 + Z22I2

from equation (ii),

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

 Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

from equation (i) and (ii),

NOTE: ABCD parameters relate voltage and current in the primary to the voltage and current in the secondary

Z-parameters in terms of h-parameters

 V1 = h11I1 + h12V2 ..................... (i)

I2 = h21I1 + h22V2 .....................(ii)

from equation (ii)

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

  Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

 Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

Similarly 

  • Find out Y parameters in terms of ABCD parameters. 
  • h-parameters in terms of ABCD parameters.

Condition Under which passive Two-port Network is reciporcal and Symmeterical

Parameters   condition for Reciprocity   Condition for Symmetry

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

INTERCONNECTION OF TWO-PORT NETWORKS

1. Series Connection

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)


I1a = I1b = I1  I2a = I2b = I2

V1 = V1a + V1b

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)
Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

so, in matrix form the Z-parameters of the seriesconnected combined network can be written as
Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

2. Parallel Connection

 Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)
Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)
Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

3. Series Parallel Connection h-parameters

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)
I1a = I1b = I1

V1 = V1a + V1b ........................(i)

I= I2a + I2b ........................(ii)

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)
Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)
Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE) 
Where
Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

4. Parallel Series Connection

 Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)
Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)
Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)
Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)
Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)
Where
Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

5. Cascade Connection

 Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)
I1 = I1a
V1 = V1a
I2 = I2b
I1b = –I2a
V1b = V2a

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE) 

BARLETTS BISECTION THEOREM

  • This theorem is applicable for symmetrical network. 
  • A symmetrical network can be split into two half then the Z= parameters of the network are given by

 Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)
Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)
Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

Network is symmetrical as well as reciprocal ZOC – Open circuited driving point impedances for half of section.
ZSCH – Short circuited driving point impedances for half of section.

SYMMETRICAL LATTICE NETWORK

 Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)
Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)
Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)
Zb ~ ZOCH
Za ~ ZSCH

IMAGE IMPEDANCE

  • If Zi1 is the impedance seen at pot 1 with Zi2 connected at port 2 and Zi2 is impedance seenm at port 2 with Zi1 connected at port 1. Then Zi1 and Zi2 are called image impedance at port 1 and 2 respectively.

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)
Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)
Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)
Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)
Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

  • A pair of terminal through which a current may enter or leave a network is known as a port. Twoterminal devices or element (such as resistors, capacitors, and inductors) result in one-port networks.
  • Here, we are mainly concerned with the twoport networks. A two-port network is an electrical network with two separate ports for input and output. Thus, a two-port network has two terminal pairs acting as access points. The current entering in the pair leaves the other terminal in the pair. Three-terminal devices such as transistors can be configured into two-port networks.
  • Armed only with the knowledge that the circuit is linear, and the ability to measure the voltage and currents, we will shortly see that it is possible to characterize such a network with a set of parameters that allows us to predict how the network will interact with other networks.

Network parameters 

  • Z– parameters
  • Y= parameters
  • ABCD parameters (Transmission parameter)
  • A' B' C' D ' parameters (Inverse transmission parameter)
  • h-parameters
  • g-parameters

Z – PARAMETERS

 Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE).........the input driving- point impedance with the output port open-circuited

 

.Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)...The reverse transfer impedance with the input port open-circuited

 

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)....the forward transfer impedance with the output port open-circuited

 

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE).....the output driving point impedance with input port opencircuited

  • The equivalent circuit representation of equation (i) is in figure below, where Z12 Iand Z21 I1 are current controlled voltage sources (CCVS)
  • Rewriting equation (i),

 V1 = (Z11 –Z12)I1+ Z12 (I1 + I2)
V2 = (Z21 – Z12) I1 + (Z22 –Z12)I2
+ Z12 (I1 + I2) ...........(ii)

  • The equivalent circuit for equation (i) is given as,

 Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

  • The equivalent circuit for equation (ii) is given as,

 Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

Condition of Reciprocity and Symmetry Reciprocal Network

  • A network must be r eciproca l when r atio of response at port 2 to the excitation at port '1' is same as ratio of response at port 1 to the excitation at port 2

 Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

Z11 = Z22

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

.Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE).............(Because in Y11 we have short circuit condition whereas in Z11 we have open cuicuit condition) input driving point admittance

 

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE).....(reverse transfer admittance)

 Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)....(forward transfer admittance)

 

...(output driving point admittance)

 Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

Equivalent Circuit Y-parameter

 Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

  • Rewriting equation of Y-parameters

 Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

For this equivalent II–network

 Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

For reciprocal network Y12 = Y21
For sysmmetrical network Y11  = Y22

 TRANSMISSION PARAMETERS (ABCD)

 Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

V1 = AV2 + B (–12)
I1 = CV2 + D (–I2)
The transmission parameters are

 

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE).....(i.e. the reverse voltage ratio with the receiving end open circuited)

 

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)....(i.e. the transfer admittance with the receiving end open-circuited)

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)...(i.e. the transfer impedance with the receiving end short-circuited )

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)....(i.e. the reverse  current ratio with the receiving end short circuited.)

Condition for Reciprocity

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

Condition for Symmetry

A = D
INVERSE TRANSMISSION PARAMETERS

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

The inverse transmission parameter can be defined as

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE).....(forward voltage ratio with sending end open circuited)

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)...( transfer a dmittance with sending end open circuited)

 

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE). .. (t ra ns fe r impeda nce wi th sending end short circuited)

 

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)....(forwar d current ratio with sending end short circuited)

Condition of Reciprocity

 Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

Condition for Symmetry

A'=D'

h–PARAMETERS OR HYBRID PARAMETERS

  • The hybrid parameters (h- parameters) would find wide usage in electronic circuit, especially in constructing models for transistors.
  • The parameters of a transistor cannot be measured either by short-circuit admittance parameter measurement or open circuit impedance parameter measurement alone. Because of the forward bias of the base-emitter junction, the device has a very low input resistance. For open-circuit impedance measurement of Z12 and Z22, it is very difficult to make the input open circuited. Z11 and Z12 can be measured by open circuit impedance measurements, since the collector-emitter junction is reversed biased.
  • By making a short-circuit admittance parameter measurement, Y12 and Y22 can be measured by short-circuiting the input port, but Y11 and Y21 cannot be measured since the collector emitter junction is reverse biased.
  • By making a short-circuit admittance parameter measurement. Y12 and Y22 can be measured by short circuiting the input port, but Y11 and Y21 cannot be measured since the collector-emitter junction is reverse biased.
  • Some kind of parameter representation is required by which some parameters are measured by open circuiting the input ort, while the rest of the parameters can be measured by short-citcuiting the output port. This is the so-called hybrid parameter representation.
  • This parameter representation is a hybrid of short-circuit admittance and open-circuit impedance measurement.
  • One set of equations result when the voltage o the input port and the current of the output por are expressed in terms of the current of the input port and the voltage of the output port, in the form

 Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)
Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)
Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE) 

where,
hi : input impedance with the output short-circuited.
hr : reverse voltage ga in with the input open-circuited.
hf : Forward cur rent gain with the output short-circuited.
ho : Output admittance with the input open-circuited.

Condition of Reciprocity
h12 = - h21

Condition of Symmetry

  Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

h-parameter Equivalent Circuit

 Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

g-PARAMETERS OR INVERSE HYBRID PARAMETERS

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)
Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

The g-parameters can be defined as,

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)...... (i.e. input admittance with output open circuited)

 

.Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE).....(i.e. forward voltage gain with output open circuited)

 

.Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE).....(i.e. forward voltage gain with output open circuited)

 

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)......(i.e. output impedance with input short circuited)

 Condition of Reciprocity
g12 = - g 21

Condition of Symmetry

 Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

g-parameter Equivalent Circuit

 Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

INTER RELATIONS IN NETWORK
 PARAMETERS

Y - parameter in terms of Z-parameters

 Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)
Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

ABCD-parameters in terms of Z- parameters

 V1 = Z11I1 + Z12I2
V2 = Z21I1 + Z22I2

from equation (ii),

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

from equation (i) and (ii),

NOTE: ABCD parameters relate voltage and current in the primary to the voltage and current in the secondary Z-parameters in terms of h-parameters

V1 = h11I1 + h12V2 ..................... (i)
I2 = h21I1 + h22V2 .....................(ii)

 from equation (ii),

  Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

 Similarly

  • Find out Y parameters in terms of ABC D parameters.
  • h-parameters in terms of ABCD parameters.

Condition Under which passive Two-port Network is reciporcal and Symmeterical 

Parameters   Condition for Reciprocity    Condition for Symmetry

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

INTERCONNECTION OF TWO-PORT NETWORKS
1 . Serie s Connection

 Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

From diagram,
I1a = I1b = I1   I2a = I2b = I2

V1 = V1a + V1b

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)
Also
Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

so, in matrix form the Z-parameters of the seriesconnected combined network can be written as

 Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

2 . Parallel Connection

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)
I1 = I1a + 11b
I, = I2a + I2b
V1a = V1b = V1
V21 = V2b = V2

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

3 . Series Parallel Connection h-parameters

 Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)
Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)
Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)
Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)
Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)
Where
Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

4 . Parallel Series Connection

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)
Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)
Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)
Where
Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

5 . Cascade Connection

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

 

BARLETTS BISECTION THEOREM

  • This t heor em is a pplicab le for symmetr ica l network.
  • A symmetrical network can be split into two half then the Z= parameters of the network are given by

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)
Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

Network is symmetrical as well as reciprocal ZOC – Open circuited driving point impedances for half of section.
ZSCH – Short circuited driving point impedances for half of section.
 

SYMMETRICAL LATTICE NETWORK

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)
Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

Zb » ZOCH 
Za » ZSCH

IMAGE IMPEDANCE

  • If Zi1 is the impedance seen at pot 1 with Zi2 connected at port 2 and Zi2 is impedance seenm at port 2 with Zi1 connected at port 1. Then Zi1 and Zi2 are called image impedance at port 1 and 2 respectively.

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)


Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

The document Two Port Network - 2 | Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE) is a part of the Electrical Engineering (EE) Course Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical).
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FAQs on Two Port Network - 2 - Electrical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Electrical Engineering (EE)

1. What is a two-port network in electrical engineering?
Ans. A two-port network is an electrical network that has two pairs of terminals, known as input and output ports. It is commonly used to analyze and model the behavior of electronic circuits, communication systems, and transmission lines. The network is characterized by its four parameters, namely, input impedance, output impedance, forward voltage gain, and reverse voltage gain.
2. How are two-port networks represented mathematically?
Ans. Two-port networks are often represented mathematically using a matrix called the scattering matrix or S-matrix. The S-matrix relates the voltage and current at the input ports to the voltage and current at the output ports. It consists of four complex numbers, namely S11, S12, S21, and S22, which represent the reflection and transmission coefficients of the network.
3. What are the applications of two-port networks in electrical engineering?
Ans. Two-port networks find extensive applications in electrical engineering. They are used in the design and analysis of amplifiers, filters, transmission lines, and communication systems. They are also useful in modeling and simulating complex electronic circuits and in understanding the behavior of signal flow in various electrical systems.
4. How can the parameters of a two-port network be determined experimentally?
Ans. The parameters of a two-port network can be determined experimentally by using a variety of measurement techniques. One common method is the use of a vector network analyzer, which measures the S-parameters of the network by injecting signals at the input ports and measuring the reflected and transmitted signals at the output ports. Other techniques include the use of power meters, spectrum analyzers, and oscilloscopes.
5. What is the significance of the S-parameters in two-port network analysis?
Ans. The S-parameters, also known as scattering parameters, are crucial in the analysis of two-port networks. They provide valuable information about the behavior of the network, such as its input and output impedance, gain, and power transfer characteristics. By manipulating the S-parameters, engineers can design and optimize the performance of various electrical and electronic systems.
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