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The British dominated the Modern History of Uttar Pradesh, marked by various movements during their rule, notably starting with the 'Revolt of 1857' in Meerut Cantonment. Several other movements against British Rule also occurred during this period.

Uttar Pradesh during the era of Independence and British Rule witnessed the establishment of five independent states after Aurangzeb's death until 1757:

  • Pathan Sardar Najib Khan ruled the North region of Meerut and Bareilly.
  • Rahmat Khan governed Rohilkhand (Rohil Pradesh of Meerut and Doab).
  • Nawabs of Farrukhabad ruled the Central Doab regions.
  • Nawabs of Awadh ruled Faizabad and Lucknow regions.
  • Marathas ruled the Bundelkhand region.

Key events in Northern India, such as the Third Battle of Panipat (1761) and the Battle of Buxar (1764), played a crucial role in modern history. The British triumphed in the battles against Marathas, Jats, Rajputs, Nawab of Awadh Shuja-ud-Daula, and Nawab of Bengal Mir Qasim. The British continued their dominance, defeating Marathas in Rohilkhand (1773) and Rohil Sardar Rahmat Khan in Shahjahanpur (1774). In 1803, Lord Lake conquered Aligarh, Agra, and Delhi, and in 1856, Awadh was annexed into the British Empire.
The development of nationalism in Uttar Pradesh after the Revolt of 1857 saw significant events:

  • The Radhaswami Movement began in 1861 by Shiv Dayal Saheb.
  • Bhartendu Harishchandra published Kavi Vachan Sudha (1867) and Harishchandra Magazine (1872).
  • In 1867, a Madarasa was established in Deoband, Saharanpur, by Mummad Qasim Nanautavi and Rashid Ahmad, leading to the Deoband Movement or Darul Uloom and Jihad against the British.
  • Sir Syed Ahmed Khan founded the Aligarh Muslim Anglo Oriental College in 1875 and published Tehzeeb-ul-Ikhlaq and Loyal Muhammadans of India.
  • Annie Besant established the Central Hindu School in 1898 at Banaras, which later developed into Banaras Hindu University in 1916 under Madan Mohan Malaviya.
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FAQs on Uttar Pradesh as Independent State and British Rule - Course for UPPSC Preparation - UPPSC (UP)

1. What was the significance of Uttar Pradesh as an independent state?
Ans. Uttar Pradesh played a crucial role as an independent state in the Indian independence movement. It acted as a stronghold for various freedom fighters and witnessed multiple uprisings against British rule. The state's large population and strategic location made it a center of political and social movements, contributing significantly to India's struggle for independence.
2. How did British rule impact Uttar Pradesh?
Ans. The British rule in Uttar Pradesh had both positive and negative impacts on the state. On one hand, the British introduced modern education, improved infrastructure, and implemented certain administrative reforms. On the other hand, they exploited the state's resources, imposed heavy taxes, and disrupted the traditional socio-economic fabric. The British rule also led to the suppression of Indian culture and traditions.
3. What is the role of UPPSC (UP) in Uttar Pradesh?
Ans. The UPPSC (Uttar Pradesh Public Service Commission) is responsible for conducting civil service examinations and recruiting candidates for various government positions in Uttar Pradesh. It plays a vital role in the selection and appointment of eligible individuals for administrative, executive, and other government services. The UPPSC ensures a fair and transparent recruitment process, promoting efficiency and integrity in the state's administrative machinery.
4. How can one prepare for the UPPSC (UP) exam?
Ans. To prepare for the UPPSC exam, candidates should start by understanding the exam pattern, syllabus, and eligibility criteria. They should create a study plan, covering all the subjects and topics mentioned in the syllabus. It is important to refer to standard textbooks, study materials, and previous years' question papers for comprehensive preparation. Regular practice through mock tests and solving sample papers can also enhance time management and improve overall performance in the exam.
5. What are the career prospects after clearing the UPPSC (UP) exam?
Ans. Clearing the UPPSC exam opens up various career prospects in the government sector of Uttar Pradesh. Successful candidates can secure positions in the state civil services, such as the Indian Administrative Service (IAS), Indian Police Service (IPS), and Provincial Civil Services (PCS). These positions offer opportunities for administrative, executive, and policymaking roles, allowing individuals to contribute to the development and governance of the state.
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