Verbal For CAT 2020 (Slot - 2) | Verbal Ability (VA) & Reading Comprehension (RC) PDF Download

Let's look at the options one by one.

Option B is "Images are meaningful visual experiences when they have a foundation of covenants seeing them." This is a distorted option. The actual statement states that sight becomes a meaning visual experience when images are associated with covenants . There is nowhere any discussion about the meaningfulness of images

Option C is "Sight as a meaningful visual experience is possible when there is a foundational condition established in images of covenants." Again a twisted option. There is nothing said about the possibility of sight as a visual experience. There could be other cases too in which meaningful visual experience could be established

Option D is "The way we experience sight is through images operated on by meaningful covenants." Entirely out of context option. The statement is about meaningful visual experience not about meaningful covenants.

Option A correctly encapsulates all the points. Hence it is the correct answer.

Option D states "studying visual culture requires institutional structures without which the structures of perception cannot be analysed".

Look at the penultimate paragraph of the question," Vision is a socially and a biologically constructed operation, depending on the design of the human body and how it engages the interpretive devices developed by a culture in order to see intelligibly"

Studying visual culture thus depends on the design of human body and interpretative devices developed by the culture. Nowhere it is mentioned that ,without institutional structures of culture vision can't be analysed as it also depends on the design of human body. Hence this is a wrong inference. Remaining all three options are correct.

This is a vocab question. Epiphenomena means "a secondary effect or byproduct". The option "Phenomena supplemental to the evidence", is the closest one. Hence it is the correct answer.

Let's look at the options one by one.

Option A states that ,"Socially existing beings cannot be analysed, unlike the art of Michelangelo or Leonardo which can." Twisted option. The excerpt from the passage states that "no amount of social analysis is enough for Michelangelo and Leonardo, because they were such vast artists" However other beings could be socially analysed because not everyone is like Michelangelo or Leonardo.

Option C states that ,"Michelangelo or Leonardo cannot be subjected to social analysis because of their genius." This is an entirely wrong option. These artists can be subjected to social analysis, but nothing will do justice to them.

Option D states that ,"No analyses exist of Michelangelo’s or Leonardo’s social accounts.". This is beyond the scope of the pasaage, as nothing has been mentioned about this.

Option B is the correct answer.

This is a fact based easy question. Read the passage carefully. Imagery can be inferred from the second paragraph. And from the subsequent paragraphs you can also infer Visual Practices, Lifeworlds and Structures of Perception(penultimate paragraph).

Hence Option C is the correct answer.

Option A states that the author is "facetious". Facetious means, treating serious issues with inappropriate humor. Author is nowhere mocking the hard life of peasants. On the contrary, he is actually admitting it and suggesting it as the reason why so many people became pirates in the first place. Hence this option is incorrect.

Option B states analytical. The author is nowhere contrasting the lives of peasant and pirates. He has not portrayed the lives of pirates in a pleasant light. Ultimately they also have to face surveillance and other dangers, thus the contrast in the option is wrong.

Indignant is completely wrong. The author is not angry at the pirates , for amassing huge wealth. Entirely out of context.

Option C talks about irony, which is actually correct. The author is ironical that an honest peasant has to toil day and night and still has to sleep empty stomach but on the other hand a pirate could easily amass twice the fortunes of peasant, without breaking much sweat. This entirely captures the essence of the mentioned line. Hence this answer is correct.

Option B and Option C are factually out of scope. Nothing has been said about who laid the groundwork for modern piracy. Neither has any comparisons made between the piracy of today and yesteryears,

In this statement , the author is obviously not assigning any blame to Vasco Da Gama and East India company. He just wants to highlight their roles in early pirates history.

Option D can be inferred from the passage.

Look at the 4th paragraph of the passage. " It quickly becomes clear that in those parts of the world that have not profited from globalisation and modernisation, and where abject poverty and the daily struggle for survival are still a reality, the root causes of piracy are still the same as they were a couple of hundred years ago." Hence to best control the problem of piracy one has to solve this root problem that is eliminate income disparities and poverty in affected regions. Hence 1 is the correct answer. Remaining options are solution but not the one which can eliminate piracy in the long run.

The author in the passage that. "surveillance is there, but they are costly and will never be enough to cover the entire sea" He nowhere mentions that surveillance has decreased, actually it is not possible to map the entire sea. Hence this option is incorrect. Remaining all the options are correct.

Look at the last paragraph of the passage," Other influential perspectives supporting a biological basis for aggression conclude that humans evolved with an abnormally low neural inhibition of aggressive impulses". While the first option talks about neural regulation of testosterone, which is factually incorrect. Hence this is the answer.

Option A can be easily inferred from the last few lines of the first paragraph. Remaining options are out of context. 

Let's look at the options one by one.

Option B is a distorted option. The sentence is not about the reliability of the information. Its about the inherent aggression involved.

Option C is also incorrect. Nothing has been mentioned about when the enemy refuses to reveal information. Hence this is beyond the scope of the passage.

On similar lines option D is also incorrect. Nothing has been said about the most effective method to extract information.

Option A correctly captures the essence. Sometimes the aggressor has no intention to inflict pain, its just a means to an utilitarian end. Hence this is the correct option.

Option C is a twisted option. It distorts what is given in the passage. The passage talks about the identification of death instinct by Freud. It doesn't talk about its moderation and keeping the resulting aggression in check. Hence this option is completely out of context and is incorrect.

The last paragraph talks about how renewable energy can be produced at local or household level but it also talks about the roadblocks in terms of financing. Hence it portrays two sides of the coin, talking about both the positives and negatives. Thus we can fairly conclude that renewable energy is a double edged sword. Option1 is the correct answer.

Look at these lines from the first paragraph of the passage, "But renewables need to be further scrutinized before being championed as forging a path toward a low-carbon future. Both the direct and indirect impacts of renewable energy must be examined to ensure that a climate-smart future does not intensify social and environmental harm. As renewable energy production requires land, water, and labor, among other inputs, it imposes costs on people and the environment."

These lines clearly indicate that the author has reservations about the renewable energy systems.

Option (2) is factually incorrect. Option 3 is beyond the scope of the passage. No comparison has been made as such. Option (4) is partially correct. The author has reservations about profitability and various other factors too which is accurately captured by the first option.

Here we have to look at those options which if false will support the author's arguments. Look at the option 2. It states that renewable energy have little or no environmental impact. Its negation will be renewable energy have considerable environmental impact, this is what the author states throughout the passage, about the harmful impact of renewable energy. Hence option 2 is correct.

Look at the last line of the passage," For financial growth to be sustained and expanded by the renewable sector, production and trade in renewable energy technologies will need to be highly concentrated, and large asset management firms will likely drive those developments "  Nowhere it is mentioned that the negative impacts of renewable energy needs to be studied , for it to be financially viable. Hence option 4 is incorrect.

Let's look at the options one by one. Option 2 states "The study of the coexistence of marginalised people with their environments." This passage is about the impact of renewable energy on marginalized people, not about their coexistence. Hence ignore this option.

Option 3 states "Encouragement for the development of more environment-friendly carbon-based fuels". In the third paragraph, the author talks about reducing carbon footprint. Hence he will never support carbon based fuels. This option is incorrect.

Option 4 is completely negated by the last paragraph. The author talks about the financial viability of the localised small scale production. Hence this option too is incorrect.

Option 1 is completely correct."many of the world’s largest reservoirs of minerals like cobalt, copper, lithium, [and] rare earth minerals”—the ones needed for renewable technologies—“are found in fragile states and under communities of marginalized peoples in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.” Since the demand for metals and minerals will increase substantially in a renewable-powered future . . . this intensification could exacerbate the existing consequences of extractive activities." 

This intensification could exacerbate the existing consequences, i.e. if propar disposal of toxic materials is not done it can make the conditions worse. Option 1 is the correct answer.

Let's look at the options one by one.

The author has not made any comparisons between the two methodologies, about which method is better. Hence optionA is incorrect.

Option 3 is incorrect too because it doesnot summarise the para accurately. Nothing is mentioned about decisions based on information.

Although time is a factor, nowhere it is mentioned that time is the factor in determining the method of our decision making. Hence Option4 is incorrect too.

Option 2 correctly summarises the passage by differentiating between the two methods. Hence it is correct.

Option B is incorrect, as it mentions "is no longer relevant" whereas the author says may no longer be relevant.

Option C is incorrect too, as the passage talks about distinguishing between urban/rural, not about accurately identifying rural areas.

Option D is distorted. Judgement would be required on the richer criteria , not on the objective methodology, as mentioned in this option.

Option A is correct as it correctly captures the essence of the passage.

We notice that Statement (3) serves as an introduction by touching upon the topic of intellectual property rights. Statement (2) continues along this line and mentions how 'monopolizing and protecting data' {an idea perhaps associated with the aforementioned intellectual property rights} can be observed in certain business models. Thus, the discussion revolves around data/information and its place in the market system. Statement (5) mentions that despite the monopolization, "information is abundant". And this brings us to the description in Statement (4) which portrays information differently - as a social good. Hence, although a bit discontiguous, 3-1-5-4 seems to talk about the same subject while Statement (2) {on "Merchant Capitalism"} diverges from it. Therefore, (2) is the odd-one-out. 

Of all the sentences, sentence 2 will be the starting point because it introduces the concept of nuclear fission. Sentence 4 continues this concept by talking about the "resulting ionizing radiation". Out of sentence 1 and 4, 1 will come first because it introduces the concept of atom bomb and sentence 4 further explores it by talking about how the impact of atomic energy could be much greater. Hence the correct order is 2413.

Look at the options one by one. Option 1 talks about voluntary surrender of rights. But the passage talks about "transfer" of rights, not "surrender" of rights.

The main point is not about "powers of papacy", option 2 is inconsequential.

Option 3 does not cover one of the main points of the passage, the transfer of rights, between people and the sovereign power. It's an incomplete option.

Option 4 is the correct summary, it talks about the transactional relationship i.e give and take or transfer of rights between people and sovereign government. 

The subject here is about the narratives of sexual assault and the subsequent treatment of the victims. The paragraph begins with Statement (5) which talks about sexual assault narratives turning into a genre. Statement (2) comments on a stark element within these narratives: the general interest in perpetrators’ futures and victims’ pasts. Statement (3) delineates on the outcome of the latter: the focus on a victim's past' and Statement (1) further adds to this point. Although Statement (4) appears on a similar topic, we cannot place it in the above arrangement since it diverges into the subject of asking questions to the survivors {an element that is yet to be discussed}. Thus, (4) is the odd-one-out. 

This is a very easy parajumble question. Sentence 2 introduces the topic, VLT. Option 4 further explores it by discussing about the telescopes. 43 forms a natural block as one provides the use and other the application. Hence 2143 is the correct order

1 and 3 forms a natural block , as the "It" in sentence 3 refers to the "brain" discussed in statement 1. Again 4 and 2 forms a natural block, as the "this tendency" in statement 2 , refers to the tendency of the people ignoring things happening in front of their eyes as discussed in statement 4. Hence the correct order is 1342