Year 11 Exam > Year 11 Notes > History for GCSE/IGCSE > Why Did Communism 'Need' to be Contained?
Why Did Communism 'Need' to be Contained? | History for GCSE/IGCSE - Year 11 PDF Download
Why Did Communism 'Need' to be Contained? - Timeline & Summary
- US hysteria around Communism began after the Communist uprising in Russia in 1917. The Red Scare of the 1920s stemmed from the belief that immigration had brought Communists into the USA. The press sensationalized the idea that Communism endangered the American way of life. While the USA celebrated the 'American Dream,' the USSR advocated for wealth redistribution.
- This fear intensified after World War II during the McCarthy era. Joseph McCarthy, an ex-soldier and Republican Senator, used rumors and threats to become a prominent anti-Communist figure. In the early 1950s, he conducted hearings to uncover Communists in various levels of the US government. Although the government turned against McCarthy in 1954, his actions heightened public fear of Communism, prompting voters to pressure the government to protect global capitalism and human rights.
- After 1945, the USA shifted its foreign policy approach. Prior to World War II, the USA had adhered to isolationism, avoiding involvement in other nations' affairs. The Long Telegram (1946) advised Truman that the USA should contain Communism within the USSR. Consequently, the Truman Doctrine (1947) replaced isolationism with a policy of containment.
- Post-World War II international events spurred the USA to contain Communism. The USSR established satellite states in Eastern Europe between 1945 and 1948, and China turned Communist under Mao Zedong in 1949. These events alarmed the USA, leading to the formulation of the Domino Theory. This theory posited that if one country fell to Communism, neighboring countries would follow, ultimately threatening Europe and the USA.
- The USA felt responsible for preventing a global Communist takeover. This belief led to containment efforts in Korea (1950-1953), Cuba (1959-1962), and Vietnam (1955-1973). However, these attempts to curb Communism were unsuccessful. By 1973, the policy of containment had damaged the USA's international reputation.
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Causes and Consequences of Containment
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| 1. Why did the United States feel the need to contain communism during the Cold War? |  |
Ans. The United States felt the need to contain communism during the Cold War to prevent the spread of Soviet influence and communist ideology to other countries, which they believed would threaten democracy and capitalism.
| 2. What events during the Cold War contributed to the decision to contain communism? | |
Ans. Events such as the Berlin Blockade, Korean War, and Cuban Missile Crisis contributed to the decision to contain communism as they highlighted the aggressive expansionist tendencies of the Soviet Union.
| 3. How did the policy of containment manifest in US foreign policy during the Cold War? | |
Ans. The policy of containment manifested in US foreign policy during the Cold War through initiatives such as the Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, and NATO, which aimed to provide economic and military support to countries under threat from communism.
| 4. What were the consequences of the policy of containment on global politics during the Cold War? | |
Ans. The policy of containment led to increased tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union, the division of Europe into Eastern and Western blocs, and the outbreak of proxy wars in countries such as Vietnam and Afghanistan.
| 5. How did the end of the Cold War impact the policy of containment? | |
Ans. The end of the Cold War saw a shift in US foreign policy away from containment towards a focus on promoting democracy and free market economies, as the Soviet Union dissolved and communism lost its global influence.
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Nov 22, 2024 Last updated |
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