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Worksheet: Employment: Growth, Informalisation - 2 | Economics Class 12 - Commerce PDF Download

Section 1: Fill in the Blanks


Q1: Self-employed individuals own and operate their own ______ to earn a living.

Q2: Casual workers are not employed on a ______ or permanent basis.

Q3: The primary sector includes activities such as agriculture, forestry, logging, fishing, mining, and ______.

Q4: Consumption activity is included in the calculation of ______.

Q5: ______ unemployment occurs when new machinery and labor-saving technologies replace workers.

Q6: The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005 aims to provide 100 days of guaranteed paid employment to all rural households willing to perform ______ labor.

Q7: Seasonal employment occurs when a large number of people are unable to find work during a specific ______.

Q8: The ______ sector involves activities related to manufacturing, construction, and the provision of electricity, gas, and water.

Q9: ______ unemployment occurs when the marginal physical productivity of labor is zero or negative.

Q10: Inadequate employment planning is one of the causes of ______ in India.

Section 2: Assertion and Reason


Q1: Assertion: The primary sector includes activities such as agriculture and mining.
Reason: These activities involve the extraction or cultivation of raw materials.
(a) Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are correct, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
(d) Assertion is incorrect.

Q2: Assertion: Technological unemployment occurs due to the replacement of workers by machines.
Reason: Technological advancements lead to increased demand for skilled workers.
(a) Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are correct, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
(d) Assertion is incorrect.

Q3: Assertion: Informalization of employment leads to a more flexible work environment.
Reason: Many individuals opt for informal jobs due to better work-life balance.
(a) Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are correct, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
(d) Assertion is incorrect.

Q4: Assertion: The rate of job creation is lower than the rate of economic growth in a situation of jobless growth.
Reason: Jobless growth occurs due to inadequate investment in human capital.
(a) Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are correct, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
(d) Assertion is incorrect.

Q5: Assertion: Casualization of employment leads to a decrease in job security for workers.
Reason: Casual workers are typically employed on a temporary or irregular basis.
(a) Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are correct, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
(d) Assertion is incorrect.

Section 3: Very Short Answers 


Q1: Define self-employed workers.

Q2: What does the tertiary sector comprise?

Q3: Define disguised employment.

Q4: What is the unemployment rate?

Q5: What is industrial unemployment?

Q6: What is the main objective of The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005?

Q7: Define consumption activity.

Q8: Define technological unemployment.

Q9: What does the primary sector include?

Q10: Define casual workers.

Section 4: Short Answers

Q1: Explain the concept of casualization of employment and its impact on job security.

Q2: Describe the types of workers based on employment status.

Q3: Discuss the causes of unemployment in India.

Q4: Explain the types of unemployment based on geographic location.

Q5: Describe the three main types of economic activities.

Q6: Discuss the significance of the tertiary sector in the economy.

Q7: Explain jobless growth and its implications.

Q8: Discuss the role of the government in employment generation in India.

Section 5: Long Answers

Q1: Discuss the shift in the composition of the Indian workforce and its implications.

Q2: Explain the various types of workers and their role in the economy.

Q3: Discuss the impact of technological advancements on employment and job types.

Q4: Discuss the strategies to address unemployment in India.

The document Worksheet: Employment: Growth, Informalisation - 2 | Economics Class 12 - Commerce is a part of the Commerce Course Economics Class 12.
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FAQs on Worksheet: Employment: Growth, Informalisation - 2 - Economics Class 12 - Commerce

1. What is employment growth?
Ans. Employment growth refers to the increase in the number of people who are employed within a specific period. It is usually measured by comparing the number of employed individuals in a given year with the number in the previous year. Employment growth indicates the overall expansion or contraction of job opportunities in an economy.
2. What is informalisation of employment?
Ans. Informalisation of employment refers to the increase in the proportion of workers engaged in informal or precarious work arrangements. This includes self-employment, temporary or contract jobs, part-time work, and other forms of employment that lack the benefits and protections typically associated with formal employment, such as social security coverage, stable income, and access to labor rights.
3. How does employment growth impact the economy?
Ans. Employment growth has a significant impact on the economy. When there is a higher rate of employment growth, it leads to increased consumer spending, as individuals have more income to spend. This, in turn, stimulates demand, which can boost production and economic growth. Additionally, employment growth reduces unemployment rates, alleviates poverty, and contributes to overall social well-being.
4. What are the causes of informalisation of employment?
Ans. Several factors contribute to the informalisation of employment. These include economic factors such as globalization, technological advancements, and changes in labor market dynamics. Additionally, policy factors like labor market deregulation, flexible work arrangements, and insufficient social protection measures can also lead to increased informal employment. Other factors may include demographic changes, urbanization, and lack of access to formal education and skills development.
5. What are the challenges associated with informalisation of employment?
Ans. The informalisation of employment presents various challenges. Workers in informal jobs often face lower wages, longer working hours, and limited access to social security benefits such as healthcare, pension, and unemployment insurance. They are also more vulnerable to exploitation, unsafe working conditions, and lack of labor rights protection. Informalisation can contribute to income inequality, hinder productivity growth, and pose obstacles to sustainable development and poverty reduction efforts.
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