(i) What is the Second Urbanisation in ancient India?
(a) The rise of villages
(b) The decline of towns
(c) The transition from village to town or city life
(d) The establishment of the Mauryan Empire
(ii) Which town was the capital of the Vajjis during the Second Urbanisation?
(a) Rajagriha
(b) Pataliputra
(c) Vaishali
(d) Mathura
(iii) What was the significance of iron tools during the Second Urbanisation?
(a) They were used for artistic purposes
(b) They helped clear deep forests, expanding cultivation
(c) They were used primarily for defense
(d) They had no significant impact
(iv) What were the two kinds of guilds during the Second Urbanisation?
(a) Merchant and warrior
(b) Craft and religious
(c) Political and social
(d) Merchant and craft
(v) What were some major imports during the period of flourishing trade?
(a) Cotton, wool, and silk cloth
(b) Wine, copper, tin, and lead
(c) Spices, essences, and oils
(d) All of the above
(i) The village headman in North Indian villages was known as ____________.
(ii) Farmers who did not own land and worked on the fields of big landowners were called ____________.
(iii) Cattle grazers and herders in villages were known as ____________.
(iv) Besides the grama bhojaka, there were other farmers in the village known as ____________.
(v) The largest landowner in a North Indian village often collected taxes and was known as ____________.
(i) Kaveripattinam was a port city during the rule of the Cholas, Pandyas, and Cheras.
(ii) The rulers of Tamilakam encouraged only internal trade, neglecting overseas trade.
(iii) Roman settlements were found in various trading centers, including Arikamedu.
(iv) Lead, in the shape of coiled strips, was exported from India to Rome.
(v) The city of Puhar or Kaveripattinam had a living area and a harbor area.
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