Worksheet Solutions: Human Capital Formation in India- 1 | Economics Class 12 - Commerce PDF Download

Multiple Choice Questions

Q1: What is the primary purpose of Human Capital Formation in India?
(a) Increase in population
(b) Enhancing skills and knowledge of people
(c) Building infrastructure
(d) Promoting industrial growth
Ans: (b) Enhancing skills and knowledge of people

Q2:  Which of the following is not a form of human capital?
(a) Education and training
(b) Healthcare facilities
(c) Physical fitness
(d) Job experience
Ans: (c) Physical fitness

Q3:  Which agency in India is responsible for formulating policies and programs for human resource development?
(a) NITI Aayog
(b) Ministry of Human Resource Development
(c) Planning Commission
(d) Reserve Bank of India
Ans: (b) Ministry of Human Resource Development

Q4: What is the main objective of National Policy on Education (NPE), 1986?
(a) Universalization of education
(b) Promotion of private schools
(c) Elimination of technical education
(d) Reduction in government spending on education
Ans: (a) Universalization of education

Q5: What does 'Gross Enrollment Ratio' (GER) in education signify?
(a) Total number of students enrolled in different grades
(b) Number of teachers in schools
(c) Total number of schools in a region
(d) Ratio of enrolled students to eligible population in a specific age group
Ans: (d) Ratio of enrolled students to eligible population in a specific age group

True and False

Q1: Human Capital refers to the stock of skill and productive knowledge embodied in people.
Ans: True

Q2: The literacy rate in India has remained stagnant over the years without any improvement.
Ans: False

Q3: Vocational education is not a part of human capital formation.
Ans: False

Q4: Public expenditure on education is a crucial factor in promoting human capital formation.
Ans: True

Q5: Gender discrimination does not affect human capital formation in any way.
Ans: False

Match the Following

Q1: Match the following terms with their correct meanings:

Ans: 


Q2: Match the following institutions with their roles:

Ans:


Q3: Match the following policies with their objectives:

Ans:

Very Short Answers

Q1: Define Human Capital Formation.
Ans: Human Capital Formation refers to the process of acquiring and increasing the number of persons who have education and skills that are important for the economic and political development of a country.

Q2: Mention any two government agencies responsible for educational planning in India.
Ans: Two government agencies responsible for educational planning in India are UGC (University Grants Commission) and AICTE (All India Council for Technical Education).

Q3: What is the role of private sector in human capital formation?
Ans: The private sector contributes to human capital formation by establishing educational institutions, providing vocational training, and investing in research and development activities.

Q4: Briefly explain the concept of 'Brain Drain' and its impact on human capital.
Ans: 'Brain Drain' refers to the emigration of highly skilled and educated individuals to other countries for better opportunities. It impacts human capital formation by reducing the pool of skilled professionals in the home country.

Q5: Name any two programs initiated by the government to promote skill development in India.
Ans: Two programs initiated by the government to promote skill development in India are Skill India Mission and Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY).

Short Answers

Q1: Explain the importance of healthcare in human capital formation.
Ans: Healthcare is crucial for human capital formation as it ensures the physical well-being of individuals, reducing absenteeism, and enhancing productivity. Healthy individuals are better able to acquire education and skills, leading to effective human capital formation.

Q2: Discuss the challenges faced by the education sector in India for human capital formation.
Ans: The education sector in India faces challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, insufficient funding, lack of quality teachers, and regional disparities. Overcoming these challenges is essential to ensure universal and quality education, contributing to human capital formation.

Q3: How does investment in education contribute to economic growth?
Ans: Investment in education contributes to economic growth by creating a skilled workforce, fostering innovation and entrepreneurship, and increasing productivity. Educated individuals contribute significantly to the economy through their expertise and abilities, leading to overall economic development.

Q4: Describe the role of technical and vocational education in enhancing human capital.
Ans: Technical and vocational education plays a crucial role in enhancing human capital by providing practical skills and knowledge. It equips individuals with employable skills, increasing their chances of meaningful employment and contributing positively to the economy.

Q5: Explain the concept of 'National Skill Development Mission' and its objectives.
Ans: The 'National Skill Development Mission' aims to create a skilled workforce in India by providing training and skill development opportunities to youth. Its objectives include enhancing the employability of individuals, reducing skill gaps, promoting lifelong learning, and fostering a culture of entrepreneurship.

Long Answers

Q1: Discuss the impact of gender inequality on human capital formation in India.
Ans: Gender inequality affects human capital formation by limiting access to education and healthcare for women and girls. Discrimination leads to lower literacy rates among females, reducing their contribution to the workforce. Empowering women through education and addressing social norms can mitigate these effects, promoting inclusive human capital formation.

Q2: Explain the role of government policies in promoting inclusive education for human capital formation.
Ans: Government policies play a vital role in promoting inclusive education for human capital formation. Policies such as Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) and Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA) focus on universalizing elementary and secondary education, ensuring equal opportunities for all students regardless of their background.

Q3: Analyze the relationship between education and economic development in India.
Ans: Education and economic development are interlinked. Education enhances human capital, leading to a skilled workforce that drives economic growth. Educated individuals contribute to innovation, entrepreneurship, and increased productivity, fostering economic development in the long run.

Q4: Discuss the measures to address the issue of child labor and its impact on human capital formation.
Ans: Child labor hampers human capital formation by depriving children of education and skill development opportunities. Measures such as strict law enforcement, awareness campaigns, and providing financial support to families can help eradicate child labor, ensuring children receive proper education and training.

Q5: Evaluate the challenges and prospects of online education in enhancing human capital in India.
Ans: Online education has the potential to enhance human capital by providing access to quality education regardless of geographical location. Challenges include the digital divide and ensuring the credibility of online courses. Implementing policies for affordable internet access and regulating online education platforms can harness the benefits of online education for human capital formation.