Download, print and study this document offline |
Page 1 Zygotic and Somatic embryogenesis Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 1 Discipline: Botany Paper: Plant Biotechnology National Coordinator: Prof. S.C. Bhatla Lesson: Zygotic and Somatic Embryogenesis Lesson Developer: Dr Gladys Muivah, Dr Vera Kapai Department/College: SGTB Khalsa College, Gargi College Page 2 Zygotic and Somatic embryogenesis Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 1 Discipline: Botany Paper: Plant Biotechnology National Coordinator: Prof. S.C. Bhatla Lesson: Zygotic and Somatic Embryogenesis Lesson Developer: Dr Gladys Muivah, Dr Vera Kapai Department/College: SGTB Khalsa College, Gargi College Zygotic and Somatic embryogenesis Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 2 Table of Contents Embryogenesis ? Introduction ? Features of embryo ? Types of embryo ? Zygotic embryogenesis ? Asymmetric division ? Pattern formation ? Establishment of shoot and root meristem ? Maturation and germination. ? Somatic embryogenesis ? Historical events ? Factors affecting somatic embryogenesis ? Explant ? Genotype ? Auxins ? Cytokinins ? Oxygen concentration ? Light and humidity ? Medium ? Selective subculture ? Induction and Development ? Induction ? Proliferation ? Pre-maturation ? Maturation ? Plant regeneration ? Application of somatic embryogenesis Page 3 Zygotic and Somatic embryogenesis Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 1 Discipline: Botany Paper: Plant Biotechnology National Coordinator: Prof. S.C. Bhatla Lesson: Zygotic and Somatic Embryogenesis Lesson Developer: Dr Gladys Muivah, Dr Vera Kapai Department/College: SGTB Khalsa College, Gargi College Zygotic and Somatic embryogenesis Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 2 Table of Contents Embryogenesis ? Introduction ? Features of embryo ? Types of embryo ? Zygotic embryogenesis ? Asymmetric division ? Pattern formation ? Establishment of shoot and root meristem ? Maturation and germination. ? Somatic embryogenesis ? Historical events ? Factors affecting somatic embryogenesis ? Explant ? Genotype ? Auxins ? Cytokinins ? Oxygen concentration ? Light and humidity ? Medium ? Selective subculture ? Induction and Development ? Induction ? Proliferation ? Pre-maturation ? Maturation ? Plant regeneration ? Application of somatic embryogenesis Zygotic and Somatic embryogenesis Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 3 ? Difference between zygotic and non-zygotic embryos ? Summary ? Glossary ? Bibliography ? Exercises Page 4 Zygotic and Somatic embryogenesis Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 1 Discipline: Botany Paper: Plant Biotechnology National Coordinator: Prof. S.C. Bhatla Lesson: Zygotic and Somatic Embryogenesis Lesson Developer: Dr Gladys Muivah, Dr Vera Kapai Department/College: SGTB Khalsa College, Gargi College Zygotic and Somatic embryogenesis Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 2 Table of Contents Embryogenesis ? Introduction ? Features of embryo ? Types of embryo ? Zygotic embryogenesis ? Asymmetric division ? Pattern formation ? Establishment of shoot and root meristem ? Maturation and germination. ? Somatic embryogenesis ? Historical events ? Factors affecting somatic embryogenesis ? Explant ? Genotype ? Auxins ? Cytokinins ? Oxygen concentration ? Light and humidity ? Medium ? Selective subculture ? Induction and Development ? Induction ? Proliferation ? Pre-maturation ? Maturation ? Plant regeneration ? Application of somatic embryogenesis Zygotic and Somatic embryogenesis Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 3 ? Difference between zygotic and non-zygotic embryos ? Summary ? Glossary ? Bibliography ? Exercises Zygotic and Somatic embryogenesis Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 4 Introduction Embryogenesis is the process of the development of an embryo from zygote. This process requires the fertilization of an egg cell with the sperm. In angiosperms, the product of double fertilization gives rise to the embryo and the endosperms. The development of embryos can also take place apomictically. These may arise from an unfertilized egg, any other cell of embryo sac or from individual somatic cells of nucellus or integument. Like zygotic embryo, the apomictic embryo is also a new individual, although it does not contain a new set of genes. These embryos are called adventive embryos. Isolated somatic or gametic cells can also give rise to embryos either naturally as is seen in Kalanchoe where somatic embryos develop from the edge of the leaves or in vitro after experimental induction. Figure: Fertilization in an angiosperm Source:http://cnx.org/contents/185cbf87-c72e-48f5-b51e-f14f21b5eabd@9.45:169 Page 5 Zygotic and Somatic embryogenesis Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 1 Discipline: Botany Paper: Plant Biotechnology National Coordinator: Prof. S.C. Bhatla Lesson: Zygotic and Somatic Embryogenesis Lesson Developer: Dr Gladys Muivah, Dr Vera Kapai Department/College: SGTB Khalsa College, Gargi College Zygotic and Somatic embryogenesis Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 2 Table of Contents Embryogenesis ? Introduction ? Features of embryo ? Types of embryo ? Zygotic embryogenesis ? Asymmetric division ? Pattern formation ? Establishment of shoot and root meristem ? Maturation and germination. ? Somatic embryogenesis ? Historical events ? Factors affecting somatic embryogenesis ? Explant ? Genotype ? Auxins ? Cytokinins ? Oxygen concentration ? Light and humidity ? Medium ? Selective subculture ? Induction and Development ? Induction ? Proliferation ? Pre-maturation ? Maturation ? Plant regeneration ? Application of somatic embryogenesis Zygotic and Somatic embryogenesis Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 3 ? Difference between zygotic and non-zygotic embryos ? Summary ? Glossary ? Bibliography ? Exercises Zygotic and Somatic embryogenesis Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 4 Introduction Embryogenesis is the process of the development of an embryo from zygote. This process requires the fertilization of an egg cell with the sperm. In angiosperms, the product of double fertilization gives rise to the embryo and the endosperms. The development of embryos can also take place apomictically. These may arise from an unfertilized egg, any other cell of embryo sac or from individual somatic cells of nucellus or integument. Like zygotic embryo, the apomictic embryo is also a new individual, although it does not contain a new set of genes. These embryos are called adventive embryos. Isolated somatic or gametic cells can also give rise to embryos either naturally as is seen in Kalanchoe where somatic embryos develop from the edge of the leaves or in vitro after experimental induction. Figure: Fertilization in an angiosperm Source:http://cnx.org/contents/185cbf87-c72e-48f5-b51e-f14f21b5eabd@9.45:169 Zygotic and Somatic embryogenesis Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 5 Figure: Embryogenesis in an angiosperm Source: http://cnx.org/contents/37dabcca-90aa-4bc6-b501-bcf431daf512@6.13:43 Morphological features of an embryo: 1. An embryo has a bipolar axis. 2. One end of the axis gives rise to shoot meristem 3. The other end of the axis develops into root meristem. 4. The middle portion of the embryo comprises the hypocotyl. Figure: Embryo sac in angiosperm Source: http://cnx.org/contents/b3798dae-10d6-426f-a82b- cdeaafbb6ec5@4Read More
1. What is zygotic embryogenesis in botany? |
2. What is somatic embryogenesis in botany? |
3. What are the main differences between zygotic and somatic embryogenesis? |
4. What are the applications of somatic embryogenesis in botany? |
5. What are the challenges faced in somatic embryogenesis research? |
|
Explore Courses for Botany exam
|