Crop Production & Management Video Lecture - Class 8

crop production and management
learning about cultivation of crops and
several activities undertaken by farmers
in crop production and its management
basic practices of crop production
cultivation of crops involve several
activities undertaken by farmers over a
period of time these activities or tasks
are referred to as agricultural
practices they are as follows
preparation of soil sowing adding manure
and fertilizers irrigation protecting
from weeps harvesting storage
preparation of soil the preparation of
soil is the first step before growing a
prop one of the most important tasks in
agriculture is to turn the soil and
loosen it this allows the root to
penetrate deep into the soil the
loosened soil helps in the growth of
earthworms and microbes present in the
soil these organisms are friends of
farmer since they further turn and
loosen the soil and add humans to it the
process of loosening and turning of the
soil is called tilling or plowing plows
are made of wood or iron before plowing
soil needs watering the plowed field may
have big piece of crumbs which has to be
broken with a plan the field is leveled
for sowing as well as for irrigation
purposes agricultural implements before
sowing the seed it is necessary to break
the soil to the size of grains get
better yield this is done with the help
of various tools the main tools used for
this purpose
are the plow hoe and cultivator
love this is being used since ancient
time for tilling the soil adding
fertilizers to the prop removing the
weeds scraping of soil etc this
implement earlier was made of wood has
now been replaced by iron it is drawn by
a pair
of bulls or other animals such as horses
camels etc oh it's a simple tool which
is used for removing weeds and for
loosening the soil it has a long rod of
wood or iron a strong broad and bent
plate of iron is fixed to one of its end
and works like a blade animals pull it
cultivator tractor driven cultivator
does nowadays loving the use of
cultivator saves labor and time sewing
sewing is the most important part of
crop production before sowing good
quality seeds are selected farmers
prefer to use seeds which give a high
yield activity separating good seeds
from damaged one take a beaker and fill
half of it with water put a handful of
gram seeds and stir well wait for some
time you will see some of the seed start
floating on the water damaged seeds
become Hollow and fruit good seeds
settle down this is the good method for
separating good healthy seeds from the
damaged one
before going let us study about the tool
used for sowing seeds traditional tool
the tool used traditionally for sowing
seed is shaped like a funnel
the seeds are filled into the funnel and
they are passed down through two or
three pipes having sharp ends these ends
tears into the soil and place seed stay
nowadays the seed drill is used for
sewing with the help of tractors
this tool shows the seeds uniformly at
proper distances and depth it ensures
that the soil cover seeds after sowing
this prevents damage caused by birds
sowing by using a seed drill saves time
and labor an appropriate distance
between the seed is important to avoid
overcrowding of plants this allows plant
to get sufficient sunlight nutrients and
water from soil adding manure and
fertilizers the substance which are
added to the soil in the form of
nutrients for the healthy growth of
plants are called manual and fertilisers
manual is an organic substance obtained
from the decomposition of plant or
animal wastes fertilizers are chemical
substances which are rich in particular
nutrients fertilizers are produced in
factories
some are urea ammonium sulphate and
super phosphate NPK nitrogen phosphorus
potassium difference between fertilizers
and manual a fertilizer is an inorganic
salty manner is a natural substance
obtained by the decomposition of cattle
dung human waste and plant residues a
fertilizer is prepared in factories
manual can be prepared in the field a
fertilizer does not provide any humans
to the soil manual provide a lot of
humans to the soil fertilizers are very
rich in plant nutrients like nitrogen
phosphorus and potassium manual is
relatively less rich in plant nutrients
advantages of manual an organic manure
is considered better than fertilizers
this is because it enhances the water
holding capacity of the soil it makes
the soil
chorus due to which exchange of gases
become easy it increases the number of
friendly microbes it improves the
texture of the soil
irrigation a living being needs water to
live water is important for proper
growth and development of PLAs fruits
and seeds of plants
the plant roots absorb water along with
water mineral and fertilizers are also
absorbed plant contain 90% water water
is essential because germination of seed
does not take place under dry conditions
nutrients dissolved in water get
transported to each part of the plant to
maintain the moisture of the soil for
healthy crop growth fields have to be
watered regularly the supply of water to
prop a different intervals is called
irrigation
the time and frequency of irrigation
varies from crop to crop soil to soil
and season to season sources of
irrigation the sources of irrigation are
well tube wells ponds lakes rivers dams
and canals traditional method of
irrigation the water available in well
lakes and canals is lifted up by
different methods in different regions
for taking it to the fields
cattle or human labour is used in this
methods
so they are cheaper but less efficient
the various traditional ways are more
pulley system chain pump d Klee and
Rohith lever system pump is commonly
used for lifting water diesel bio gas
electricity and solar energy are used to
run these pumps modern methods of
irrigation modern methods of irrigation
helps us to use water economically the
main method used are as follows
sprinkler system this system is more
useful on an uneven land where
sufficient water is not available the
perpendicular pipes having rotating
nozzles on top are joined to the main
pipeline at regular intervals when water
is allowed to flow through the main pipe
under pressure with the help of a pump
it escapes from the rotating nozzles it
gets sprinkled on the prop as if it is
raining sprinkler is very useful for
sandy soil drip system in this system
the water falls drop by drop just at the
position of the root so it is called
drip system it is the best technique for
watering fruit plants garden and trees
the system provides water to plant drop
by drop water is not wasted at all
it is a boon in region where
availability of water is poor
protection from weeds if we see
carefully the Wheatfield we see that
there are some other plants grown along
with them in the field many other
undesirable plants may grow naturally
along with the crops these undesirable
plants are called weeds the removal of
weed is called reading tilling before
sowing of crops helps in uprooting and
killing of weeds the best time for
removal of weeds is before they produce
flowers and seeds this is done with the
help of Kerr P a seed drill is used to
uproot weeds using certain chemicals
called vida sides also control weeds
these are sprayed in the fields to kill
the weeds they do not damage the crops
train of we decides may affect the
health of farmers so they should cover
their nose and mouth with the piece of
cloth during spraying of these chemicals
you
listing the cutting of prop after it is
macho is called harvesting in harvesting
props are pulled out of that close to
the ground it usually takes three to
four months for cereal crop to mature
harvesting is either done manually by
sickle or by a machine called harvester
after harvesting the grain seeds need to
be separated from the shaft this process
is called fishing this is carried out
with the help of a machine called
combine which are in fact a combined
harvester and pressure on small holding
of land do the separation of grain and
sharp IV knowing information harvest
festivals after three or four months of
hard work there comes the day of the
harvest
the site of golden fields of standing
crops laden with grains fills the heart
of Farmer with joy and a sense of
well-being
the efforts have bone food and it is
time for them to relax and enjoy a
little the period of powers is thus of
great joy and happiness in all parts of
India
men and women celebrate it with great
enthusiasm fungal besakih Holi Diwali
are special festivals associated with
harvest season storage storage of food
grains is an important task if the crop
brains are to be kept for longer time
they should be safe from moisture
insects rat and microorganisms the fresh
crops has more moisture
if freshly harvested grain seeds are
stored without drying they may get
spoiled or attacked by organisms losing
their germination capacity hence before
storing them the grains are properly
dried in the Sun to reduce the moisture
in them this prevents the attack by
insects pests bacteria and fungi farmer
store grain in jute bags or metallic
beans
however large-scale storage of grains is
done in silos and greeneries to protect
them from pests like rats and insects
brightening leaves are used for storing
food grains at home
summary it is necessary to prepare soil
by tilling and leveling plow and
levelers are used for this purpose
sowing of seeds at appropriate depth and
distances gives good yield good variety
of seeds is thrown after selection of
healthy seeds Seadrill do sowing
soil needs replenishment and enrichment
through the use of organic manure and
fertilizers use of chemical fertilizers
has increased tremendously with the
introduction of new crop varieties
supply of water to crops at appropriate
intervals is called irrigation
reading involves removal of unwanted and
uncultivated plants called weeds
harvesting is the cutting of the macho
crops manually or by machine
separation of grains is necessary to
protect them from pests and
microorganisms
you
food is also obtained from animals for
which animals are rare this is called
animal husbandry
that is all in this lesson keep learning
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