NCERT Textbook: पाठ 9 - लखनवी अंदाज़, क्षितिज II, हिंदी, कक्षा - 10 | Hindi Class 10 (Kritika and Kshitij) PDF Download

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'kiky dk tUe lu~~ 1903 esa iatkc osQ iQhjks”kiqj
Nkouh esa gqvkA izkjafHkd f'k{kk dk¡xM+k esa xzg.k djus osQ
ckn ykgkSj osQ us'kuy dkWyst ls mUgksaus ch-,- fd;kA ogk¡
mudk ifjp; Hkxr ¯lg vkSj lq[knso ls gqvkA Lokèkhurk
laxzke dh ozQkafrdkjh èkkjk ls tqM+ko osQ dkj.k os tsy Hkh
x,A mudh e`R;q lu~~ 1976 esa gqbZA
;'kiky dh jpukvksa esa vke vkneh osQ ljksdkjksa dh
mifLFkfr gSA os ;FkkFkZoknh 'kSyh osQ fof'k"V jpukdkj gSaA
lkekftd fo"kerk] jktuSfrd ik[kaM vkSj :f<+;ksa osQ f[kykI
+
kQ
mudh jpuk,¡ eq[kj gSaA muosQ dgkuh laxzgksa esa Kkunku]
roZQ dk rwI
+
kQku] ¯itjs dh mM+ku] ok nqfy;k] iwQyks dk
oqQrkZ mYys[kuh; gSaA mudk >wBk lp miU;kl Hkkjr
foHkktu dh =kklnh dk ekfeZd nLrkos”k gSA vferk] fnO;k]
ikVhZ dkejsM] nknk dkejsM] esjh rsjh mldh ckr]
muosQ vU; izeq[k miU;kl gSaA Hkk"kk dh LokHkkfodrk vkSj
lthork mudh jpukxr fo'ks"krk gSA
;w¡ rks ;'kiky us y[kuoh vank”k O;aX; ;g lkfcr djus osQ fy, fy[kk Fkk fd
fcuk dF; osQ dgkuh ugha fy[kh tk ldrh ijarq ,d Lora=k jpuk osQ :i esa bl
jpuk dks i<+k tk ldrk gSA ;'kiky ml iru'khy lkearh oxZ ij dVk{k djrs gSa
tks okLrfodrk ls cs[kcj ,d cukoVh thou 'kSyh dk vknh gSA dguk u gksxk fd
vkt osQ le; esa Hkh ,slh ijthoh laLÑfr dks ns[kk tk ldrk gSA
;'kiky
9
Reprint 2024-25
Page 2


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'kiky dk tUe lu~~ 1903 esa iatkc osQ iQhjks”kiqj
Nkouh esa gqvkA izkjafHkd f'k{kk dk¡xM+k esa xzg.k djus osQ
ckn ykgkSj osQ us'kuy dkWyst ls mUgksaus ch-,- fd;kA ogk¡
mudk ifjp; Hkxr ¯lg vkSj lq[knso ls gqvkA Lokèkhurk
laxzke dh ozQkafrdkjh èkkjk ls tqM+ko osQ dkj.k os tsy Hkh
x,A mudh e`R;q lu~~ 1976 esa gqbZA
;'kiky dh jpukvksa esa vke vkneh osQ ljksdkjksa dh
mifLFkfr gSA os ;FkkFkZoknh 'kSyh osQ fof'k"V jpukdkj gSaA
lkekftd fo"kerk] jktuSfrd ik[kaM vkSj :f<+;ksa osQ f[kykI
+
kQ
mudh jpuk,¡ eq[kj gSaA muosQ dgkuh laxzgksa esa Kkunku]
roZQ dk rwI
+
kQku] ¯itjs dh mM+ku] ok nqfy;k] iwQyks dk
oqQrkZ mYys[kuh; gSaA mudk >wBk lp miU;kl Hkkjr
foHkktu dh =kklnh dk ekfeZd nLrkos”k gSA vferk] fnO;k]
ikVhZ dkejsM] nknk dkejsM] esjh rsjh mldh ckr]
muosQ vU; izeq[k miU;kl gSaA Hkk"kk dh LokHkkfodrk vkSj
lthork mudh jpukxr fo'ks"krk gSA
;w¡ rks ;'kiky us y[kuoh vank”k O;aX; ;g lkfcr djus osQ fy, fy[kk Fkk fd
fcuk dF; osQ dgkuh ugha fy[kh tk ldrh ijarq ,d Lora=k jpuk osQ :i esa bl
jpuk dks i<+k tk ldrk gSA ;'kiky ml iru'khy lkearh oxZ ij dVk{k djrs gSa
tks okLrfodrk ls cs[kcj ,d cukoVh thou 'kSyh dk vknh gSA dguk u gksxk fd
vkt osQ le; esa Hkh ,slh ijthoh laLÑfr dks ns[kk tk ldrk gSA
;'kiky
9
Reprint 2024-25
f{kfrt
62
y[kuoh vank”k
eqI
+
kQfLly dh iSlsatj Vªsu py iM+us dh mrkoyh esa iw¡Qdkj jgh FkhA vkjke ls lsoaQM
Dykl esa tkus osQ fy, nke vfèkd yxrs gSaA nwj rks tkuk ugha FkkA HkhM+ ls cpdj] ,dkar
esa u;h dgkuh osQ lacaèk esa lksp ldus vkSj f[kM+dh ls izkÑfrd n`'; ns[k ldus osQ fy,
fVdV lsoaQM Dykl dk gh ys fy;kA
xkM+h NwV jgh FkhA lsoaQM Dykl osQ ,d NksVs fMCcs dks [kkyh le>dj] ”kjk nkSM+dj
mlesa p<+ x,A vuqeku osQ izfrowQy fMCck futZu ugha FkkA ,d cFkZ ij y[kuÅ dh uokch
uLy osQ ,d lI
+
ksQniks'k lTtu cgqr lqfoèkk ls ikyFkh ekjs cSBs FksA lkeus nks rk”ks&fpdus
[khjs rkSfy, ij j[ks FksA fMCcs esa gekjs lglk owQn tkus ls lTtu dh vk¡[kksa esa ,oQkar
¯pru esa fo?u dk vlarks"k fn[kkbZ fn;kA lkspk] gks ldrk gS] ;g Hkh dgkuh osQ fy, lw>
dh ¯prk esa gksa ;k [khjs&tSlh vinkFkZ oLrq dk 'kkSd djrs ns[ks tkus osQ ladksp esa gksaA
uokc lkgc us laxfr osQ fy, mRlkg ugha fn[kk;kA geus Hkh muosQ lkeus dh cFkZ
ij cSBdj vkRelEeku esa vk¡[ksa pqjk yhaA
Bkyh cSBs] dYiuk djrs jgus dh iqjkuh vknr gSA uokc lkgc dh vlqfoèkk vkSj ladksp
osQ dkj.k dk vuqeku djus yxsA laHko gS] uokc lkgc us fcyoqQy vosQys ;k=kk dj ldus
osQ vuqeku esa fdI
+
kQk;r osQ fopkj ls lsoaQM Dykl dk fVdV [kjhn fy;k gks vkSj vc xokjk
u gks fd 'kgj dk dksbZ lI
+
ksQniks'k mUgsa e¡>ys ntsZ esa lI
+
kQj djrk ns[ksA---vosQys lI
+
kQj dk
oDr dkVus osQ fy, gh [khjs [kjhns gksaxs vkSj vc fdlh lI
+
ksQniks'k osQ lkeus [khjk oSQls [kk,¡\
ge duf[k;ksa ls uokc lkgc dh vksj ns[k jgs FksA uokc lkgc oqQN nsj xkM+h dh
f[kM+dh ls ckgj ns[kdj fLFkfr ij xkSj djrs jgsA
^vksg*] uokc lkgc us lglk gesa lacksèku fd;k] ^vknkc&v”kZ*] tukc] [khjs dk 'kkSd
I
+
kQjek,¡xs\
uokc lkgc dk lglk Hkko&ifjorZu vPNk ugha yxkA Hkk¡i fy;k] vki 'kjkI
+
kQr dk
xqeku cuk, j[kus osQ fy, gesa Hkh ekewyh yksxksa dh gjdr esa yFksM+ ysuk pkgrs gSaA tokc
fn;k] ^'kqfØ;k] fdcyk 'kkSd iQjek,¡A*
Reprint 2024-25
Page 3


;
'kiky dk tUe lu~~ 1903 esa iatkc osQ iQhjks”kiqj
Nkouh esa gqvkA izkjafHkd f'k{kk dk¡xM+k esa xzg.k djus osQ
ckn ykgkSj osQ us'kuy dkWyst ls mUgksaus ch-,- fd;kA ogk¡
mudk ifjp; Hkxr ¯lg vkSj lq[knso ls gqvkA Lokèkhurk
laxzke dh ozQkafrdkjh èkkjk ls tqM+ko osQ dkj.k os tsy Hkh
x,A mudh e`R;q lu~~ 1976 esa gqbZA
;'kiky dh jpukvksa esa vke vkneh osQ ljksdkjksa dh
mifLFkfr gSA os ;FkkFkZoknh 'kSyh osQ fof'k"V jpukdkj gSaA
lkekftd fo"kerk] jktuSfrd ik[kaM vkSj :f<+;ksa osQ f[kykI
+
kQ
mudh jpuk,¡ eq[kj gSaA muosQ dgkuh laxzgksa esa Kkunku]
roZQ dk rwI
+
kQku] ¯itjs dh mM+ku] ok nqfy;k] iwQyks dk
oqQrkZ mYys[kuh; gSaA mudk >wBk lp miU;kl Hkkjr
foHkktu dh =kklnh dk ekfeZd nLrkos”k gSA vferk] fnO;k]
ikVhZ dkejsM] nknk dkejsM] esjh rsjh mldh ckr]
muosQ vU; izeq[k miU;kl gSaA Hkk"kk dh LokHkkfodrk vkSj
lthork mudh jpukxr fo'ks"krk gSA
;w¡ rks ;'kiky us y[kuoh vank”k O;aX; ;g lkfcr djus osQ fy, fy[kk Fkk fd
fcuk dF; osQ dgkuh ugha fy[kh tk ldrh ijarq ,d Lora=k jpuk osQ :i esa bl
jpuk dks i<+k tk ldrk gSA ;'kiky ml iru'khy lkearh oxZ ij dVk{k djrs gSa
tks okLrfodrk ls cs[kcj ,d cukoVh thou 'kSyh dk vknh gSA dguk u gksxk fd
vkt osQ le; esa Hkh ,slh ijthoh laLÑfr dks ns[kk tk ldrk gSA
;'kiky
9
Reprint 2024-25
f{kfrt
62
y[kuoh vank”k
eqI
+
kQfLly dh iSlsatj Vªsu py iM+us dh mrkoyh esa iw¡Qdkj jgh FkhA vkjke ls lsoaQM
Dykl esa tkus osQ fy, nke vfèkd yxrs gSaA nwj rks tkuk ugha FkkA HkhM+ ls cpdj] ,dkar
esa u;h dgkuh osQ lacaèk esa lksp ldus vkSj f[kM+dh ls izkÑfrd n`'; ns[k ldus osQ fy,
fVdV lsoaQM Dykl dk gh ys fy;kA
xkM+h NwV jgh FkhA lsoaQM Dykl osQ ,d NksVs fMCcs dks [kkyh le>dj] ”kjk nkSM+dj
mlesa p<+ x,A vuqeku osQ izfrowQy fMCck futZu ugha FkkA ,d cFkZ ij y[kuÅ dh uokch
uLy osQ ,d lI
+
ksQniks'k lTtu cgqr lqfoèkk ls ikyFkh ekjs cSBs FksA lkeus nks rk”ks&fpdus
[khjs rkSfy, ij j[ks FksA fMCcs esa gekjs lglk owQn tkus ls lTtu dh vk¡[kksa esa ,oQkar
¯pru esa fo?u dk vlarks"k fn[kkbZ fn;kA lkspk] gks ldrk gS] ;g Hkh dgkuh osQ fy, lw>
dh ¯prk esa gksa ;k [khjs&tSlh vinkFkZ oLrq dk 'kkSd djrs ns[ks tkus osQ ladksp esa gksaA
uokc lkgc us laxfr osQ fy, mRlkg ugha fn[kk;kA geus Hkh muosQ lkeus dh cFkZ
ij cSBdj vkRelEeku esa vk¡[ksa pqjk yhaA
Bkyh cSBs] dYiuk djrs jgus dh iqjkuh vknr gSA uokc lkgc dh vlqfoèkk vkSj ladksp
osQ dkj.k dk vuqeku djus yxsA laHko gS] uokc lkgc us fcyoqQy vosQys ;k=kk dj ldus
osQ vuqeku esa fdI
+
kQk;r osQ fopkj ls lsoaQM Dykl dk fVdV [kjhn fy;k gks vkSj vc xokjk
u gks fd 'kgj dk dksbZ lI
+
ksQniks'k mUgsa e¡>ys ntsZ esa lI
+
kQj djrk ns[ksA---vosQys lI
+
kQj dk
oDr dkVus osQ fy, gh [khjs [kjhns gksaxs vkSj vc fdlh lI
+
ksQniks'k osQ lkeus [khjk oSQls [kk,¡\
ge duf[k;ksa ls uokc lkgc dh vksj ns[k jgs FksA uokc lkgc oqQN nsj xkM+h dh
f[kM+dh ls ckgj ns[kdj fLFkfr ij xkSj djrs jgsA
^vksg*] uokc lkgc us lglk gesa lacksèku fd;k] ^vknkc&v”kZ*] tukc] [khjs dk 'kkSd
I
+
kQjek,¡xs\
uokc lkgc dk lglk Hkko&ifjorZu vPNk ugha yxkA Hkk¡i fy;k] vki 'kjkI
+
kQr dk
xqeku cuk, j[kus osQ fy, gesa Hkh ekewyh yksxksa dh gjdr esa yFksM+ ysuk pkgrs gSaA tokc
fn;k] ^'kqfØ;k] fdcyk 'kkSd iQjek,¡A*
Reprint 2024-25
;'kiky
63
uokc lkgc us fiQj ,d iy f[kM+dh ls ckgj ns[kdj xkSj fd;k vkSj n`<+ fu'p;
ls [khjksa osQ uhps j[kk rkSfy;k >kM+dj lkeus fcNk fy;kA lhV osQ uhps ls yksVk mBkdj
nksuksa [khjksa dks f[kM+dh ls ckgj èkks;k vkSj rkSfy, ls iksaN fy;kA tsc ls pkowQ fudkykA
nksuksa [khjksa osQ flj dkVs vkSj mUgsa xksndj >kx fudkykA fiQj [khjksa dks cgqr ,gfr;kr ls
Nhydj iQk¡dksa dks djhus ls rkSfy, ij ltkrs x,A
y[kumQ LVs'ku ij [khjk cspus okys [khjs osQ bLrseky dk rjhdk tkurs gSaA xzkgd osQ
fy, thjk&feyk ued vkSj filh gqbZ yky fepZ dh iqfM+;k Hkh gkf”kj dj nsrs gSaA
uokc lkgc us cgqr djhus ls [khjs dh iQk¡dksa ij thjk&feyk ued vkSj yky fepZ
dh lq[khZ cqjd nhA mudh izR;sd Hkko&Hkafxek vkSj tcM+ksa osQ LiqQj.k ls Li"V Fkk fd ml
izfØ;k esa mudk eq[k [khjs osQ jlkLoknu dh dYiuk ls Iykfor gks jgk FkkA
ge duf[k;ksa ls ns[kdj lksp jgs Fks] fe;k¡ jbZl curs gSa] ysfdu yksxksa dh u”kjksa ls cp
ldus osQ [k;ky esa viuh vlfy;r ij mrj vk, gSaA
uokc lkgc us fiQj ,d ckj gekjh vksj ns[k fy;k] ^oYykg] 'kkSd dhft,] y[kumQ
dk ckye [khjk gS!*
ued&fepZ fNM+d fn, tkus ls rk”ks [khjs dh ifu;krh iQk¡osaQ ns[kdj ikuh eq¡g eas
”k:j vk jgk Fkk] ysfdu budkj dj pqosQ FksA vkRelEeku fuckguk gh mfpr le>k] mÙkj
fn;k] ^'kqfØ;k] bl oDr ryc eglwl ugha gks jgh] esnk Hkh ”kjk de”kksj gS] fdcyk
'kkSd iQjek,¡A*
uokc lkgc us
lr`".k  vk¡[kksa  ls
ued&fepZ   osQ
la;ksx ls pedrh
[khjs dh iQk¡dksa dh
vksj ns[kkA f[kM+dh
osQ  ckgj ns[kdj
nh?kZ fu'okl fy;kA
[khjs dh ,d iQk¡d
mBkdj gksaBksa rd
ys x,A iQk¡d dks
lw¡?kkA  Lokn  osQ
vkuan esa iyosaQ eq¡n
Reprint 2024-25
Page 4


;
'kiky dk tUe lu~~ 1903 esa iatkc osQ iQhjks”kiqj
Nkouh esa gqvkA izkjafHkd f'k{kk dk¡xM+k esa xzg.k djus osQ
ckn ykgkSj osQ us'kuy dkWyst ls mUgksaus ch-,- fd;kA ogk¡
mudk ifjp; Hkxr ¯lg vkSj lq[knso ls gqvkA Lokèkhurk
laxzke dh ozQkafrdkjh èkkjk ls tqM+ko osQ dkj.k os tsy Hkh
x,A mudh e`R;q lu~~ 1976 esa gqbZA
;'kiky dh jpukvksa esa vke vkneh osQ ljksdkjksa dh
mifLFkfr gSA os ;FkkFkZoknh 'kSyh osQ fof'k"V jpukdkj gSaA
lkekftd fo"kerk] jktuSfrd ik[kaM vkSj :f<+;ksa osQ f[kykI
+
kQ
mudh jpuk,¡ eq[kj gSaA muosQ dgkuh laxzgksa esa Kkunku]
roZQ dk rwI
+
kQku] ¯itjs dh mM+ku] ok nqfy;k] iwQyks dk
oqQrkZ mYys[kuh; gSaA mudk >wBk lp miU;kl Hkkjr
foHkktu dh =kklnh dk ekfeZd nLrkos”k gSA vferk] fnO;k]
ikVhZ dkejsM] nknk dkejsM] esjh rsjh mldh ckr]
muosQ vU; izeq[k miU;kl gSaA Hkk"kk dh LokHkkfodrk vkSj
lthork mudh jpukxr fo'ks"krk gSA
;w¡ rks ;'kiky us y[kuoh vank”k O;aX; ;g lkfcr djus osQ fy, fy[kk Fkk fd
fcuk dF; osQ dgkuh ugha fy[kh tk ldrh ijarq ,d Lora=k jpuk osQ :i esa bl
jpuk dks i<+k tk ldrk gSA ;'kiky ml iru'khy lkearh oxZ ij dVk{k djrs gSa
tks okLrfodrk ls cs[kcj ,d cukoVh thou 'kSyh dk vknh gSA dguk u gksxk fd
vkt osQ le; esa Hkh ,slh ijthoh laLÑfr dks ns[kk tk ldrk gSA
;'kiky
9
Reprint 2024-25
f{kfrt
62
y[kuoh vank”k
eqI
+
kQfLly dh iSlsatj Vªsu py iM+us dh mrkoyh esa iw¡Qdkj jgh FkhA vkjke ls lsoaQM
Dykl esa tkus osQ fy, nke vfèkd yxrs gSaA nwj rks tkuk ugha FkkA HkhM+ ls cpdj] ,dkar
esa u;h dgkuh osQ lacaèk esa lksp ldus vkSj f[kM+dh ls izkÑfrd n`'; ns[k ldus osQ fy,
fVdV lsoaQM Dykl dk gh ys fy;kA
xkM+h NwV jgh FkhA lsoaQM Dykl osQ ,d NksVs fMCcs dks [kkyh le>dj] ”kjk nkSM+dj
mlesa p<+ x,A vuqeku osQ izfrowQy fMCck futZu ugha FkkA ,d cFkZ ij y[kuÅ dh uokch
uLy osQ ,d lI
+
ksQniks'k lTtu cgqr lqfoèkk ls ikyFkh ekjs cSBs FksA lkeus nks rk”ks&fpdus
[khjs rkSfy, ij j[ks FksA fMCcs esa gekjs lglk owQn tkus ls lTtu dh vk¡[kksa esa ,oQkar
¯pru esa fo?u dk vlarks"k fn[kkbZ fn;kA lkspk] gks ldrk gS] ;g Hkh dgkuh osQ fy, lw>
dh ¯prk esa gksa ;k [khjs&tSlh vinkFkZ oLrq dk 'kkSd djrs ns[ks tkus osQ ladksp esa gksaA
uokc lkgc us laxfr osQ fy, mRlkg ugha fn[kk;kA geus Hkh muosQ lkeus dh cFkZ
ij cSBdj vkRelEeku esa vk¡[ksa pqjk yhaA
Bkyh cSBs] dYiuk djrs jgus dh iqjkuh vknr gSA uokc lkgc dh vlqfoèkk vkSj ladksp
osQ dkj.k dk vuqeku djus yxsA laHko gS] uokc lkgc us fcyoqQy vosQys ;k=kk dj ldus
osQ vuqeku esa fdI
+
kQk;r osQ fopkj ls lsoaQM Dykl dk fVdV [kjhn fy;k gks vkSj vc xokjk
u gks fd 'kgj dk dksbZ lI
+
ksQniks'k mUgsa e¡>ys ntsZ esa lI
+
kQj djrk ns[ksA---vosQys lI
+
kQj dk
oDr dkVus osQ fy, gh [khjs [kjhns gksaxs vkSj vc fdlh lI
+
ksQniks'k osQ lkeus [khjk oSQls [kk,¡\
ge duf[k;ksa ls uokc lkgc dh vksj ns[k jgs FksA uokc lkgc oqQN nsj xkM+h dh
f[kM+dh ls ckgj ns[kdj fLFkfr ij xkSj djrs jgsA
^vksg*] uokc lkgc us lglk gesa lacksèku fd;k] ^vknkc&v”kZ*] tukc] [khjs dk 'kkSd
I
+
kQjek,¡xs\
uokc lkgc dk lglk Hkko&ifjorZu vPNk ugha yxkA Hkk¡i fy;k] vki 'kjkI
+
kQr dk
xqeku cuk, j[kus osQ fy, gesa Hkh ekewyh yksxksa dh gjdr esa yFksM+ ysuk pkgrs gSaA tokc
fn;k] ^'kqfØ;k] fdcyk 'kkSd iQjek,¡A*
Reprint 2024-25
;'kiky
63
uokc lkgc us fiQj ,d iy f[kM+dh ls ckgj ns[kdj xkSj fd;k vkSj n`<+ fu'p;
ls [khjksa osQ uhps j[kk rkSfy;k >kM+dj lkeus fcNk fy;kA lhV osQ uhps ls yksVk mBkdj
nksuksa [khjksa dks f[kM+dh ls ckgj èkks;k vkSj rkSfy, ls iksaN fy;kA tsc ls pkowQ fudkykA
nksuksa [khjksa osQ flj dkVs vkSj mUgsa xksndj >kx fudkykA fiQj [khjksa dks cgqr ,gfr;kr ls
Nhydj iQk¡dksa dks djhus ls rkSfy, ij ltkrs x,A
y[kumQ LVs'ku ij [khjk cspus okys [khjs osQ bLrseky dk rjhdk tkurs gSaA xzkgd osQ
fy, thjk&feyk ued vkSj filh gqbZ yky fepZ dh iqfM+;k Hkh gkf”kj dj nsrs gSaA
uokc lkgc us cgqr djhus ls [khjs dh iQk¡dksa ij thjk&feyk ued vkSj yky fepZ
dh lq[khZ cqjd nhA mudh izR;sd Hkko&Hkafxek vkSj tcM+ksa osQ LiqQj.k ls Li"V Fkk fd ml
izfØ;k esa mudk eq[k [khjs osQ jlkLoknu dh dYiuk ls Iykfor gks jgk FkkA
ge duf[k;ksa ls ns[kdj lksp jgs Fks] fe;k¡ jbZl curs gSa] ysfdu yksxksa dh u”kjksa ls cp
ldus osQ [k;ky esa viuh vlfy;r ij mrj vk, gSaA
uokc lkgc us fiQj ,d ckj gekjh vksj ns[k fy;k] ^oYykg] 'kkSd dhft,] y[kumQ
dk ckye [khjk gS!*
ued&fepZ fNM+d fn, tkus ls rk”ks [khjs dh ifu;krh iQk¡osaQ ns[kdj ikuh eq¡g eas
”k:j vk jgk Fkk] ysfdu budkj dj pqosQ FksA vkRelEeku fuckguk gh mfpr le>k] mÙkj
fn;k] ^'kqfØ;k] bl oDr ryc eglwl ugha gks jgh] esnk Hkh ”kjk de”kksj gS] fdcyk
'kkSd iQjek,¡A*
uokc lkgc us
lr`".k  vk¡[kksa  ls
ued&fepZ   osQ
la;ksx ls pedrh
[khjs dh iQk¡dksa dh
vksj ns[kkA f[kM+dh
osQ  ckgj ns[kdj
nh?kZ fu'okl fy;kA
[khjs dh ,d iQk¡d
mBkdj gksaBksa rd
ys x,A iQk¡d dks
lw¡?kkA  Lokn  osQ
vkuan esa iyosaQ eq¡n
Reprint 2024-25
f{kfrt
64
xb±A eq¡g esa Hkj vk, ikuh dk ?kw¡V xys ls mrj x;kA rc uokc lkgc us iQk¡d dks f[kM+dh
ls ckgj NksM+ fn;kA uokc lkgc [khjs dh iQk¡dksa dks ukd osQ ikl ys tkdj] okluk ls
jlkLoknu dj f[kM+dh osQ ckgj isaQdrs x,A
uokc lkgc us [khjs dh lc iQk¡dksa dks f[kM+dh osQ ckgj isaQddj rkSfy, ls gkFk vkSj
gksaB iksaN fy, vkSj xoZ ls xqykch vk¡[kksa ls gekjh vksj ns[k fy;k] ekuks dg jgs gksaµ;g
gS [kkunkuh jbZlksa dk rjhdk!
uokc lkgc [khjs dh rS;kjh vkSj bLrseky ls Fkddj ysV x,A gesa rlyhe esa flj
[ke dj ysuk iM+kµ;g gS [kkunkuh rg”khc] uI
+
kQklr vkSj u”kkdr!
ge xkSj dj jgs Fks] [khjk bLrseky djus osQ bl rjhosQ dks [khjs dh lqxaèk vkSj Lokn
dh dYiuk ls larq"V gksus dk lw{e] uI
+
kQhl ;k ,CLVSªDV rjhdk ”k:j dgk tk ldrk gS
ijarq D;k ,sls rjhosQ ls mnj dh r`fIr Hkh gks ldrh gS\
uokc lkgc dh vksj ls Hkjs isV osQ m¡Qps Mdkj dk 'kCn lqukbZ fn;k vkSj uokc lkgc
us gekjh vksj ns[kdj dg fn;k] ^[khjk y”kh”k gksrk gS ysfdu gksrk gS ldhy] ukeqjkn esns
ij cks> Mky nsrk gSA*
Kku&p{kq [kqy x,! igpkukµ;s gSa u;h dgkuh osQ ys[kd!
[khjs dh lqxaèk vkSj Lokn dh dYiuk ls isV Hkj tkus dk Mdkj vk ldrk
gS rks fcuk fopkj] ?kVuk vkSj ik=kksa osQ] ys[kd dh bPNk ek=k ls ^u;h dgkuh* D;ksa
ugha cu ldrh\
 iz'u&vH;kl
1- ys[kd dks uokc lkgc osQ fdu gko&Hkkoksa ls eglwl gqvk fd os muls ckrphr djus osQ fy, rfud
Hkh mRlqd ugha gaS\
2- uokc lkgc us cgqr gh ;Ru ls [khjk dkVk] ued&fepZ cqjdk] varr% lw¡?kdj gh f[kM+dh ls ckgj isaQd
fn;kA mUgksaus ,slk D;ksa fd;k gksxk\ mudk ,slk djuk muosQ oSQls LoHkko dks bafxr djrk gS\
3- fcuk fopkj] ?kVuk vkSj ik=kksa osQ Hkh D;k dgkuh fy[kh tk ldrh gSA ;'kiky osQ bl fopkj ls vki
dgk¡ rd lger gSa\
4- vki bl fucaèk dks vkSj D;k uke nsuk pkgsaxs\
Reprint 2024-25
Page 5


;
'kiky dk tUe lu~~ 1903 esa iatkc osQ iQhjks”kiqj
Nkouh esa gqvkA izkjafHkd f'k{kk dk¡xM+k esa xzg.k djus osQ
ckn ykgkSj osQ us'kuy dkWyst ls mUgksaus ch-,- fd;kA ogk¡
mudk ifjp; Hkxr ¯lg vkSj lq[knso ls gqvkA Lokèkhurk
laxzke dh ozQkafrdkjh èkkjk ls tqM+ko osQ dkj.k os tsy Hkh
x,A mudh e`R;q lu~~ 1976 esa gqbZA
;'kiky dh jpukvksa esa vke vkneh osQ ljksdkjksa dh
mifLFkfr gSA os ;FkkFkZoknh 'kSyh osQ fof'k"V jpukdkj gSaA
lkekftd fo"kerk] jktuSfrd ik[kaM vkSj :f<+;ksa osQ f[kykI
+
kQ
mudh jpuk,¡ eq[kj gSaA muosQ dgkuh laxzgksa esa Kkunku]
roZQ dk rwI
+
kQku] ¯itjs dh mM+ku] ok nqfy;k] iwQyks dk
oqQrkZ mYys[kuh; gSaA mudk >wBk lp miU;kl Hkkjr
foHkktu dh =kklnh dk ekfeZd nLrkos”k gSA vferk] fnO;k]
ikVhZ dkejsM] nknk dkejsM] esjh rsjh mldh ckr]
muosQ vU; izeq[k miU;kl gSaA Hkk"kk dh LokHkkfodrk vkSj
lthork mudh jpukxr fo'ks"krk gSA
;w¡ rks ;'kiky us y[kuoh vank”k O;aX; ;g lkfcr djus osQ fy, fy[kk Fkk fd
fcuk dF; osQ dgkuh ugha fy[kh tk ldrh ijarq ,d Lora=k jpuk osQ :i esa bl
jpuk dks i<+k tk ldrk gSA ;'kiky ml iru'khy lkearh oxZ ij dVk{k djrs gSa
tks okLrfodrk ls cs[kcj ,d cukoVh thou 'kSyh dk vknh gSA dguk u gksxk fd
vkt osQ le; esa Hkh ,slh ijthoh laLÑfr dks ns[kk tk ldrk gSA
;'kiky
9
Reprint 2024-25
f{kfrt
62
y[kuoh vank”k
eqI
+
kQfLly dh iSlsatj Vªsu py iM+us dh mrkoyh esa iw¡Qdkj jgh FkhA vkjke ls lsoaQM
Dykl esa tkus osQ fy, nke vfèkd yxrs gSaA nwj rks tkuk ugha FkkA HkhM+ ls cpdj] ,dkar
esa u;h dgkuh osQ lacaèk esa lksp ldus vkSj f[kM+dh ls izkÑfrd n`'; ns[k ldus osQ fy,
fVdV lsoaQM Dykl dk gh ys fy;kA
xkM+h NwV jgh FkhA lsoaQM Dykl osQ ,d NksVs fMCcs dks [kkyh le>dj] ”kjk nkSM+dj
mlesa p<+ x,A vuqeku osQ izfrowQy fMCck futZu ugha FkkA ,d cFkZ ij y[kuÅ dh uokch
uLy osQ ,d lI
+
ksQniks'k lTtu cgqr lqfoèkk ls ikyFkh ekjs cSBs FksA lkeus nks rk”ks&fpdus
[khjs rkSfy, ij j[ks FksA fMCcs esa gekjs lglk owQn tkus ls lTtu dh vk¡[kksa esa ,oQkar
¯pru esa fo?u dk vlarks"k fn[kkbZ fn;kA lkspk] gks ldrk gS] ;g Hkh dgkuh osQ fy, lw>
dh ¯prk esa gksa ;k [khjs&tSlh vinkFkZ oLrq dk 'kkSd djrs ns[ks tkus osQ ladksp esa gksaA
uokc lkgc us laxfr osQ fy, mRlkg ugha fn[kk;kA geus Hkh muosQ lkeus dh cFkZ
ij cSBdj vkRelEeku esa vk¡[ksa pqjk yhaA
Bkyh cSBs] dYiuk djrs jgus dh iqjkuh vknr gSA uokc lkgc dh vlqfoèkk vkSj ladksp
osQ dkj.k dk vuqeku djus yxsA laHko gS] uokc lkgc us fcyoqQy vosQys ;k=kk dj ldus
osQ vuqeku esa fdI
+
kQk;r osQ fopkj ls lsoaQM Dykl dk fVdV [kjhn fy;k gks vkSj vc xokjk
u gks fd 'kgj dk dksbZ lI
+
ksQniks'k mUgsa e¡>ys ntsZ esa lI
+
kQj djrk ns[ksA---vosQys lI
+
kQj dk
oDr dkVus osQ fy, gh [khjs [kjhns gksaxs vkSj vc fdlh lI
+
ksQniks'k osQ lkeus [khjk oSQls [kk,¡\
ge duf[k;ksa ls uokc lkgc dh vksj ns[k jgs FksA uokc lkgc oqQN nsj xkM+h dh
f[kM+dh ls ckgj ns[kdj fLFkfr ij xkSj djrs jgsA
^vksg*] uokc lkgc us lglk gesa lacksèku fd;k] ^vknkc&v”kZ*] tukc] [khjs dk 'kkSd
I
+
kQjek,¡xs\
uokc lkgc dk lglk Hkko&ifjorZu vPNk ugha yxkA Hkk¡i fy;k] vki 'kjkI
+
kQr dk
xqeku cuk, j[kus osQ fy, gesa Hkh ekewyh yksxksa dh gjdr esa yFksM+ ysuk pkgrs gSaA tokc
fn;k] ^'kqfØ;k] fdcyk 'kkSd iQjek,¡A*
Reprint 2024-25
;'kiky
63
uokc lkgc us fiQj ,d iy f[kM+dh ls ckgj ns[kdj xkSj fd;k vkSj n`<+ fu'p;
ls [khjksa osQ uhps j[kk rkSfy;k >kM+dj lkeus fcNk fy;kA lhV osQ uhps ls yksVk mBkdj
nksuksa [khjksa dks f[kM+dh ls ckgj èkks;k vkSj rkSfy, ls iksaN fy;kA tsc ls pkowQ fudkykA
nksuksa [khjksa osQ flj dkVs vkSj mUgsa xksndj >kx fudkykA fiQj [khjksa dks cgqr ,gfr;kr ls
Nhydj iQk¡dksa dks djhus ls rkSfy, ij ltkrs x,A
y[kumQ LVs'ku ij [khjk cspus okys [khjs osQ bLrseky dk rjhdk tkurs gSaA xzkgd osQ
fy, thjk&feyk ued vkSj filh gqbZ yky fepZ dh iqfM+;k Hkh gkf”kj dj nsrs gSaA
uokc lkgc us cgqr djhus ls [khjs dh iQk¡dksa ij thjk&feyk ued vkSj yky fepZ
dh lq[khZ cqjd nhA mudh izR;sd Hkko&Hkafxek vkSj tcM+ksa osQ LiqQj.k ls Li"V Fkk fd ml
izfØ;k esa mudk eq[k [khjs osQ jlkLoknu dh dYiuk ls Iykfor gks jgk FkkA
ge duf[k;ksa ls ns[kdj lksp jgs Fks] fe;k¡ jbZl curs gSa] ysfdu yksxksa dh u”kjksa ls cp
ldus osQ [k;ky esa viuh vlfy;r ij mrj vk, gSaA
uokc lkgc us fiQj ,d ckj gekjh vksj ns[k fy;k] ^oYykg] 'kkSd dhft,] y[kumQ
dk ckye [khjk gS!*
ued&fepZ fNM+d fn, tkus ls rk”ks [khjs dh ifu;krh iQk¡osaQ ns[kdj ikuh eq¡g eas
”k:j vk jgk Fkk] ysfdu budkj dj pqosQ FksA vkRelEeku fuckguk gh mfpr le>k] mÙkj
fn;k] ^'kqfØ;k] bl oDr ryc eglwl ugha gks jgh] esnk Hkh ”kjk de”kksj gS] fdcyk
'kkSd iQjek,¡A*
uokc lkgc us
lr`".k  vk¡[kksa  ls
ued&fepZ   osQ
la;ksx ls pedrh
[khjs dh iQk¡dksa dh
vksj ns[kkA f[kM+dh
osQ  ckgj ns[kdj
nh?kZ fu'okl fy;kA
[khjs dh ,d iQk¡d
mBkdj gksaBksa rd
ys x,A iQk¡d dks
lw¡?kkA  Lokn  osQ
vkuan esa iyosaQ eq¡n
Reprint 2024-25
f{kfrt
64
xb±A eq¡g esa Hkj vk, ikuh dk ?kw¡V xys ls mrj x;kA rc uokc lkgc us iQk¡d dks f[kM+dh
ls ckgj NksM+ fn;kA uokc lkgc [khjs dh iQk¡dksa dks ukd osQ ikl ys tkdj] okluk ls
jlkLoknu dj f[kM+dh osQ ckgj isaQdrs x,A
uokc lkgc us [khjs dh lc iQk¡dksa dks f[kM+dh osQ ckgj isaQddj rkSfy, ls gkFk vkSj
gksaB iksaN fy, vkSj xoZ ls xqykch vk¡[kksa ls gekjh vksj ns[k fy;k] ekuks dg jgs gksaµ;g
gS [kkunkuh jbZlksa dk rjhdk!
uokc lkgc [khjs dh rS;kjh vkSj bLrseky ls Fkddj ysV x,A gesa rlyhe esa flj
[ke dj ysuk iM+kµ;g gS [kkunkuh rg”khc] uI
+
kQklr vkSj u”kkdr!
ge xkSj dj jgs Fks] [khjk bLrseky djus osQ bl rjhosQ dks [khjs dh lqxaèk vkSj Lokn
dh dYiuk ls larq"V gksus dk lw{e] uI
+
kQhl ;k ,CLVSªDV rjhdk ”k:j dgk tk ldrk gS
ijarq D;k ,sls rjhosQ ls mnj dh r`fIr Hkh gks ldrh gS\
uokc lkgc dh vksj ls Hkjs isV osQ m¡Qps Mdkj dk 'kCn lqukbZ fn;k vkSj uokc lkgc
us gekjh vksj ns[kdj dg fn;k] ^[khjk y”kh”k gksrk gS ysfdu gksrk gS ldhy] ukeqjkn esns
ij cks> Mky nsrk gSA*
Kku&p{kq [kqy x,! igpkukµ;s gSa u;h dgkuh osQ ys[kd!
[khjs dh lqxaèk vkSj Lokn dh dYiuk ls isV Hkj tkus dk Mdkj vk ldrk
gS rks fcuk fopkj] ?kVuk vkSj ik=kksa osQ] ys[kd dh bPNk ek=k ls ^u;h dgkuh* D;ksa
ugha cu ldrh\
 iz'u&vH;kl
1- ys[kd dks uokc lkgc osQ fdu gko&Hkkoksa ls eglwl gqvk fd os muls ckrphr djus osQ fy, rfud
Hkh mRlqd ugha gaS\
2- uokc lkgc us cgqr gh ;Ru ls [khjk dkVk] ued&fepZ cqjdk] varr% lw¡?kdj gh f[kM+dh ls ckgj isaQd
fn;kA mUgksaus ,slk D;ksa fd;k gksxk\ mudk ,slk djuk muosQ oSQls LoHkko dks bafxr djrk gS\
3- fcuk fopkj] ?kVuk vkSj ik=kksa osQ Hkh D;k dgkuh fy[kh tk ldrh gSA ;'kiky osQ bl fopkj ls vki
dgk¡ rd lger gSa\
4- vki bl fucaèk dks vkSj D;k uke nsuk pkgsaxs\
Reprint 2024-25
;'kiky
65
jpuk vkSj vfHkO;fDr
5- (d) uokc lkgc }kjk [khjk [kkus dh rS;kjh djus dk ,d fp=k izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA bl iwjh izfØ;k
dks vius 'kCnksa esa O;Dr dhft,A
([k) fdu&fdu ph”kksa dk jlkLoknu djus osQ fy, vki fdl izdkj dh rS;kjh djrs gSa\
6- [khjs osQ lacaèk esa uokc lkgc osQ O;ogkj dks mudh lud dgk tk ldrk gSA vkius uokcksa dh vkSj
Hkh ludksa vkSj 'kkSd osQ ckjs esa i<+k&lquk gksxkA fdlh ,d osQ ckjs esa fyf[k,A
7- D;k lud dk dksbZ ldkjkRed :i gks ldrk gS\ ;fn gk¡ rks ,slh ludksa dk mYys[k dhft,A
Hkk"kk&vè;;u
8- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa ls fØ;kin Nk¡Vdj fØ;k&Hksn Hkh fyf[k,µ
(d) ,d lI
+
ksQniks'k lTtu cgqr lqfo/k ls ikyFkh ekjs cSBs FksA
([k) uokc lkgc us laxfr osQ fy, mRlkg ugha fn[kk;kA
(x) Bkyh cSBs] dYiuk djrs jgus dh iqjkuh vknr gSA
(?k) vosQys lI
+
kQj dk oDr dkVus osQ fy, gh [khjs [kjhns gksaxsA
(Ä) nksuksa [khjksa osQ flj dkVs vkSj mUgsa xksndj >kx fudkykA
(p) uokc lkgc us lr`".k vk¡[kksa ls ued&fepZ osQ la;ksx ls pedrh [khjs dh iQk¡dksa dh vksj ns[kkA
(N) uokc lkgc [khjs dh rS;kjh vkSj bLrseky ls Fkddj ysV x,A
(t) tsc ls pkowQ fudkykA
ikBsrj lfØ;rk
Ÿ ^fdcyk 'kkSd iQjek,¡*] ^vknkc&v”kZ---'kkSd iQjek,¡xs* tSls dFku f'k"Vkpkj ls tqM+s gSaA viuh
ekr`Hkk"kk osQ f'k"Vkpkj lwpd dFkuksa dh ,d lwph rS;kj dhft,A
Ÿ ^[khjk---esns ij cks> Mky nsrk gS* D;k okLro eas [khjk vip djrk gS\ fdlh Hkh [kk| inkFkZ
dk ip&vip gksuk dbZ dkj.kksa ij fuHkZj djrk gSA cM+kas ls ckrphr dj dkj.kksa dk irk yxkb,A
Ÿ [kk| inkFkks± osQ lacaèk esa cgqr&lh ekU;rk,¡ gaS tks vkiosQ {ks=k esa izpfyr gksaxh] muosQ ckjs esa
ppkZ dhft,A
Ÿ iru'khy lkearh oxZ dk fp=k.k izsepan us viuh ,d izfl¼ dgkuh ^'krjat osQ f[kykM+h* esa
fd;k Fkk vkSj fiQj ckn esa lR;thr jk; us bl ij blh uke ls ,d fI
+
kQYe Hkh cukbZ FkhA ;g
dgkuh <w¡<+dj if<+, vkSj laHko gks rks fI
+
kQYe Hkh nsf[k,A
Reprint 2024-25