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 Page 1


68/vkjksg
pyrs&pyrs var ughaA var fcuk NqVdkjk ughaA blfy, ril gSA
èkqvk¡  gSA  ;kuh  bPNk gSA  tku  ysus  dhA  igpku  ysus  dhA
(yík[k esa jkx&fojkx)
Ñ".kukFk
tUe% lu~~ 1934] okjk.klh (m-iz-)
izeq[k jpuk,¡% yík[k esa jkx&fojkx] fdUuj
èkeZyksd] Lihfr esa ckfj'k] i`Foh&ifjØek] fgeky
;k=kk] v#.kkpy ;k=kk] ckS¼ fucaèkkoyh] fganh
vkSj vaxzs”kh esa dbZ iqLrdksa dk laiknu
lEeku% yksfg;k lEeku
Ñ".kukFk osQ O;fDrRo osQ dbZ igyw gSaA dk'kh
fganw fo'ofo|ky; ls vFkZ'kkL=k esa ,e-,- osQ ckn mudk >qdko lektoknh
vkanksyu vkSj ckS¼&n'kZu dh vksj gks x;kA ckS¼&n'kZu esa mudh xgjh iSB gSA os
vFkZ'kkL=k osQ fo}ku gSa vkSj dk'kh fo|kihB esa blh fo"k; osQ izksI
+
ksQlj Hkh jgsA
vaxzs”kh vkSj fganh nksuksa Hkk"kkvksa ij mudk vf/dkj gS vkSj nksuksa dh i=kdkfjrk ls
Hkh mudk tqM+ko jgkA fganh dh lkfgfR;d if=kdk dYiuk osQ laiknd eaMy esa
os dbZ lky jgs vkSj vaxzs”kh osQ eSudkbaM dk oqQN o"kks± rd laiknu Hkh fd;kA
jktuhfr] i=kdkfjrk vkSj vè;kiu dh izfØ;k ls xq”kjrs&xq”kjrs os ckS¼&n'kZu dh
vksj eqM+sA Hkkjrh; vkSj frCcrh vkpk;ks± osQ lkFk cSBdj mUgksaus ukxktqZu osQ n'kZu
vkSj otz;kuh ijaijk dk vè;;u 'kq: fd;kA Hkkjrh; fpard ts- Ñ".kewfrZ us tc
ckS¼ fo}kuksa osQ lkFk fparu&euu 'kq: fd;k rks Ñ".kukFk Hkh mlesa 'kkfey FksA
ckS¼&n'kZu ij Ñ".kukFk th us dkI
+
kQh oqQN fy[kk gSA
Page 2


68/vkjksg
pyrs&pyrs var ughaA var fcuk NqVdkjk ughaA blfy, ril gSA
èkqvk¡  gSA  ;kuh  bPNk gSA  tku  ysus  dhA  igpku  ysus  dhA
(yík[k esa jkx&fojkx)
Ñ".kukFk
tUe% lu~~ 1934] okjk.klh (m-iz-)
izeq[k jpuk,¡% yík[k esa jkx&fojkx] fdUuj
èkeZyksd] Lihfr esa ckfj'k] i`Foh&ifjØek] fgeky
;k=kk] v#.kkpy ;k=kk] ckS¼ fucaèkkoyh] fganh
vkSj vaxzs”kh esa dbZ iqLrdksa dk laiknu
lEeku% yksfg;k lEeku
Ñ".kukFk osQ O;fDrRo osQ dbZ igyw gSaA dk'kh
fganw fo'ofo|ky; ls vFkZ'kkL=k esa ,e-,- osQ ckn mudk >qdko lektoknh
vkanksyu vkSj ckS¼&n'kZu dh vksj gks x;kA ckS¼&n'kZu esa mudh xgjh iSB gSA os
vFkZ'kkL=k osQ fo}ku gSa vkSj dk'kh fo|kihB esa blh fo"k; osQ izksI
+
ksQlj Hkh jgsA
vaxzs”kh vkSj fganh nksuksa Hkk"kkvksa ij mudk vf/dkj gS vkSj nksuksa dh i=kdkfjrk ls
Hkh mudk tqM+ko jgkA fganh dh lkfgfR;d if=kdk dYiuk osQ laiknd eaMy esa
os dbZ lky jgs vkSj vaxzs”kh osQ eSudkbaM dk oqQN o"kks± rd laiknu Hkh fd;kA
jktuhfr] i=kdkfjrk vkSj vè;kiu dh izfØ;k ls xq”kjrs&xq”kjrs os ckS¼&n'kZu dh
vksj eqM+sA Hkkjrh; vkSj frCcrh vkpk;ks± osQ lkFk cSBdj mUgksaus ukxktqZu osQ n'kZu
vkSj otz;kuh ijaijk dk vè;;u 'kq: fd;kA Hkkjrh; fpard ts- Ñ".kewfrZ us tc
ckS¼ fo}kuksa osQ lkFk fparu&euu 'kq: fd;k rks Ñ".kukFk Hkh mlesa 'kkfey FksA
ckS¼&n'kZu ij Ñ".kukFk th us dkI
+
kQh oqQN fy[kk gSA
Lihfr esa ckfj'k/69
bruk oqQN djus osQ ckotwn Ñ".kukFk th dh l`tu&vkdka{kk iwjh ugha gqbZA
blfy, os ;k;koj gks x,A ,d ;k;kojh rks mUgksaus oSpkfjd /jkry ij dh Fkh
nwljh lkalkfjd vFkZ esaA mUgksaus fgeky; dh ;k=kk 'kq: dh vkSj mu LFkyksa dks
[kkstuk vkSj [kaxkyuk 'kq: fd;k tks ckS¼&/eZ vkSj Hkkjrh; feFkdksa ls tqM+s gSaA
fiQj tc mUgksaus bl ;k=kk oQks 'kCnksa esa ck¡/uk 'kq: fd;k rks ;k=kk&o`Ùkkar tSlh
foèkk vuwBh foy{k.krk ls Hkj xbZA Ñ".kukFk tgk¡ dh ;k=kk djrs gSa ogk¡ os flI
+
kZQ
i;ZVd ugha gksrs cfYd ,d rRoosÙkk dh rjg ogk¡ dk vè;;u djrs pyrs gSaA
ij os 'kq"d vè;;u ugha djrs cfYd ml LFkku fo'ks"k ls tqM+h Le`fr;ksa dks
m?kkM+rs gSaA ;s os Le`fr;k¡ gksrh gSa tks bfrgkl osQ izokg esa flI
+
kZQ LFkkuh; gksdj jg
xbZ gSa ysfdu ftudk laiw.kZ Hkkjrh; yksdekul ls xgjk fj'rk jgk gSA igkM+ osQ
fdlh NksVs&cM+s f'k[kj ij nqcddj cSBh og foLe`r&lh&Le`fr ekuks Ñ".kukFk dh
izrh{kk dj jgh gks fd os vk,¡] mls ns[ksa vkSj mlosQ ckjs esa fy[kdj mls tuekul
osQ ikl ys tk,¡A
Ñ".kukFk osQ ;k=kk&o`Ùkkar LFkku fo'ks"k ls tqM+s gksdj Hkh Hkk"kk] bfrgkl] iqjk.k
dk lalkj lesVs gq, gSaA ikBd muosQ lkFk [kqn ;k=kk djus yxrk  gSA os yksx] tks
bu LFkkuksa dh ;k=kk dj pqosQ gksrs gSa] os Hkh vxj Ñ".kukFk osQ ;k=kk&o`Ùkkar dks
i<+saxs rks mUgas oqQN u;k yxsxkA mUgsa eglwl gksxk fd mudh iqjkuh ;k=kk v/wjh Fkh
vkSj Ñ".kukFk osQ ;k=kk&o`Ùkkar dks i<+dj og iwjh gqbZA
Lihfr esa ckfj'k ikB ,d ;k=kk&o`Ùkkar gSA Lihfr] fgekpy osQ eè; esa fLFkr
gSA ;g LFkku viuh HkkSxksfyd ,oa izkÑfrd fo'ks"krkvksa osQ dkj.k vU; ioZrh;
LFkyksa ls fHkUu gSA ys[kd us bl ikB esa Lihfr dh tula[;k] Írq] I
+
kQly]
tyok;q rFkk Hkwxksy dk o.kZu fd;k gS tks ijLij ,d&nwljs ls lacaf/r gSaA ikB
esa nqxZe {ks=k Lihfr esa jgus okys yksxksa osQ dfBukbZ Hkjs thou dk Hkh o.kZu fd;k
x;k gSA oqQN ;qok i;ZVdksa dk igq¡puk Lihfr osQ i;kZoj.k dks cny ldrk gSA BaMs
jsfxLrku tSls Lihfr osQ fy, mudk vkuk] ogk¡ cw¡nksa Hkjk ,d lq[kn la;ksx cu
ldrk gSA
Ñ".kukFk/69
Page 3


68/vkjksg
pyrs&pyrs var ughaA var fcuk NqVdkjk ughaA blfy, ril gSA
èkqvk¡  gSA  ;kuh  bPNk gSA  tku  ysus  dhA  igpku  ysus  dhA
(yík[k esa jkx&fojkx)
Ñ".kukFk
tUe% lu~~ 1934] okjk.klh (m-iz-)
izeq[k jpuk,¡% yík[k esa jkx&fojkx] fdUuj
èkeZyksd] Lihfr esa ckfj'k] i`Foh&ifjØek] fgeky
;k=kk] v#.kkpy ;k=kk] ckS¼ fucaèkkoyh] fganh
vkSj vaxzs”kh esa dbZ iqLrdksa dk laiknu
lEeku% yksfg;k lEeku
Ñ".kukFk osQ O;fDrRo osQ dbZ igyw gSaA dk'kh
fganw fo'ofo|ky; ls vFkZ'kkL=k esa ,e-,- osQ ckn mudk >qdko lektoknh
vkanksyu vkSj ckS¼&n'kZu dh vksj gks x;kA ckS¼&n'kZu esa mudh xgjh iSB gSA os
vFkZ'kkL=k osQ fo}ku gSa vkSj dk'kh fo|kihB esa blh fo"k; osQ izksI
+
ksQlj Hkh jgsA
vaxzs”kh vkSj fganh nksuksa Hkk"kkvksa ij mudk vf/dkj gS vkSj nksuksa dh i=kdkfjrk ls
Hkh mudk tqM+ko jgkA fganh dh lkfgfR;d if=kdk dYiuk osQ laiknd eaMy esa
os dbZ lky jgs vkSj vaxzs”kh osQ eSudkbaM dk oqQN o"kks± rd laiknu Hkh fd;kA
jktuhfr] i=kdkfjrk vkSj vè;kiu dh izfØ;k ls xq”kjrs&xq”kjrs os ckS¼&n'kZu dh
vksj eqM+sA Hkkjrh; vkSj frCcrh vkpk;ks± osQ lkFk cSBdj mUgksaus ukxktqZu osQ n'kZu
vkSj otz;kuh ijaijk dk vè;;u 'kq: fd;kA Hkkjrh; fpard ts- Ñ".kewfrZ us tc
ckS¼ fo}kuksa osQ lkFk fparu&euu 'kq: fd;k rks Ñ".kukFk Hkh mlesa 'kkfey FksA
ckS¼&n'kZu ij Ñ".kukFk th us dkI
+
kQh oqQN fy[kk gSA
Lihfr esa ckfj'k/69
bruk oqQN djus osQ ckotwn Ñ".kukFk th dh l`tu&vkdka{kk iwjh ugha gqbZA
blfy, os ;k;koj gks x,A ,d ;k;kojh rks mUgksaus oSpkfjd /jkry ij dh Fkh
nwljh lkalkfjd vFkZ esaA mUgksaus fgeky; dh ;k=kk 'kq: dh vkSj mu LFkyksa dks
[kkstuk vkSj [kaxkyuk 'kq: fd;k tks ckS¼&/eZ vkSj Hkkjrh; feFkdksa ls tqM+s gSaA
fiQj tc mUgksaus bl ;k=kk oQks 'kCnksa esa ck¡/uk 'kq: fd;k rks ;k=kk&o`Ùkkar tSlh
foèkk vuwBh foy{k.krk ls Hkj xbZA Ñ".kukFk tgk¡ dh ;k=kk djrs gSa ogk¡ os flI
+
kZQ
i;ZVd ugha gksrs cfYd ,d rRoosÙkk dh rjg ogk¡ dk vè;;u djrs pyrs gSaA
ij os 'kq"d vè;;u ugha djrs cfYd ml LFkku fo'ks"k ls tqM+h Le`fr;ksa dks
m?kkM+rs gSaA ;s os Le`fr;k¡ gksrh gSa tks bfrgkl osQ izokg esa flI
+
kZQ LFkkuh; gksdj jg
xbZ gSa ysfdu ftudk laiw.kZ Hkkjrh; yksdekul ls xgjk fj'rk jgk gSA igkM+ osQ
fdlh NksVs&cM+s f'k[kj ij nqcddj cSBh og foLe`r&lh&Le`fr ekuks Ñ".kukFk dh
izrh{kk dj jgh gks fd os vk,¡] mls ns[ksa vkSj mlosQ ckjs esa fy[kdj mls tuekul
osQ ikl ys tk,¡A
Ñ".kukFk osQ ;k=kk&o`Ùkkar LFkku fo'ks"k ls tqM+s gksdj Hkh Hkk"kk] bfrgkl] iqjk.k
dk lalkj lesVs gq, gSaA ikBd muosQ lkFk [kqn ;k=kk djus yxrk  gSA os yksx] tks
bu LFkkuksa dh ;k=kk dj pqosQ gksrs gSa] os Hkh vxj Ñ".kukFk osQ ;k=kk&o`Ùkkar dks
i<+saxs rks mUgas oqQN u;k yxsxkA mUgsa eglwl gksxk fd mudh iqjkuh ;k=kk v/wjh Fkh
vkSj Ñ".kukFk osQ ;k=kk&o`Ùkkar dks i<+dj og iwjh gqbZA
Lihfr esa ckfj'k ikB ,d ;k=kk&o`Ùkkar gSA Lihfr] fgekpy osQ eè; esa fLFkr
gSA ;g LFkku viuh HkkSxksfyd ,oa izkÑfrd fo'ks"krkvksa osQ dkj.k vU; ioZrh;
LFkyksa ls fHkUu gSA ys[kd us bl ikB esa Lihfr dh tula[;k] Írq] I
+
kQly]
tyok;q rFkk Hkwxksy dk o.kZu fd;k gS tks ijLij ,d&nwljs ls lacaf/r gSaA ikB
esa nqxZe {ks=k Lihfr esa jgus okys yksxksa osQ dfBukbZ Hkjs thou dk Hkh o.kZu fd;k
x;k gSA oqQN ;qok i;ZVdksa dk igq¡puk Lihfr osQ i;kZoj.k dks cny ldrk gSA BaMs
jsfxLrku tSls Lihfr osQ fy, mudk vkuk] ogk¡ cw¡nksa Hkjk ,d lq[kn la;ksx cu
ldrk gSA
Ñ".kukFk/69 70/vkjksg
Lihfr esa ckfj'k
Lihfr fgekpy izns'k osQ ykgqy&Lihfr f”kys dh rglhy gSA ykgqy&Lihfr dk
;g ;ksx Hkh vkdfLed gh gSA buesa cgqr ;ksxk;ksx ugha gSA m¡Qps njks± vkSj dfBu
jkLrksa osQ dkj.k bfrgkl esa Hkh de jgk gSA vya?; Hkwxksy ;gk¡ bfrgkl dk ,d
cM+k dkjd gSA vc tcfd lapkj esa oqQN lqèkkj gqvk gS rc Hkh ykgqy&Lihfr
dk ;ksx izk;% ^ok;jysl lsV* osQ ”kfj, gS tks osQyax vkSj dktk osQ chp [kM+drk
jgrk gSA fiQj Hkh osQyax osQ ckn'kkg dks Hk; yxk jgrk gS fd dgha dktk dk
lwcsnkj mldh voKk rks ugha dj jgk gS\ dgha cxkor rks ugha djus okyk gS\
ysfdu flok; ok;jysl lsV ij lans'k Hkstus osQ og dj Hkh D;k ldrk gS\
olar esa Hkh 170 ehy tkuk&vkuk dfBu gSA 'khr esa izk;
%
 vlaHko gSA
izkphudky esa 'kk;n Lihfr Hkkjrh; lkezkT;ksa dk vuke vax jgh gSA tc ;s
lkezkT; VwVs rks ;g Lora=k jgh gSA fiQj eè; ;qx esa izk;
%
 yík[k eaMy vkSj dHkh
d'ehj eaMy] dHkh cq'kgj eaMy] dHkh oqQYyw eaMy] dHkh fczfV'k Hkkjr osQ rgr
jgh gSA rc Hkh izk;
%
 Lok;Ùk jgh gSA bldh Lok;Ùkrk Hkwxksy us fljth gSA Hkwxksy
gh bldh j{kk djrk gSA Hkwxksy gh bldk lagkj Hkh djrk gSA
igys dHkh mu jktkvksa dk dksbZ gjdkjk vkrk Fkk rks mlosQ vkrs&tkrs og
vYi olar chr tkrk FkkA dHkh dksbZ Tkksjkoj flag tSlk vkrk Fkk rks Lihfr dk
rjhdk ogh Fkk tks rqifpfyax xksuik esa eSaus ns[kkA tc MkbukekbV dk foLiQksV
Page 4


68/vkjksg
pyrs&pyrs var ughaA var fcuk NqVdkjk ughaA blfy, ril gSA
èkqvk¡  gSA  ;kuh  bPNk gSA  tku  ysus  dhA  igpku  ysus  dhA
(yík[k esa jkx&fojkx)
Ñ".kukFk
tUe% lu~~ 1934] okjk.klh (m-iz-)
izeq[k jpuk,¡% yík[k esa jkx&fojkx] fdUuj
èkeZyksd] Lihfr esa ckfj'k] i`Foh&ifjØek] fgeky
;k=kk] v#.kkpy ;k=kk] ckS¼ fucaèkkoyh] fganh
vkSj vaxzs”kh esa dbZ iqLrdksa dk laiknu
lEeku% yksfg;k lEeku
Ñ".kukFk osQ O;fDrRo osQ dbZ igyw gSaA dk'kh
fganw fo'ofo|ky; ls vFkZ'kkL=k esa ,e-,- osQ ckn mudk >qdko lektoknh
vkanksyu vkSj ckS¼&n'kZu dh vksj gks x;kA ckS¼&n'kZu esa mudh xgjh iSB gSA os
vFkZ'kkL=k osQ fo}ku gSa vkSj dk'kh fo|kihB esa blh fo"k; osQ izksI
+
ksQlj Hkh jgsA
vaxzs”kh vkSj fganh nksuksa Hkk"kkvksa ij mudk vf/dkj gS vkSj nksuksa dh i=kdkfjrk ls
Hkh mudk tqM+ko jgkA fganh dh lkfgfR;d if=kdk dYiuk osQ laiknd eaMy esa
os dbZ lky jgs vkSj vaxzs”kh osQ eSudkbaM dk oqQN o"kks± rd laiknu Hkh fd;kA
jktuhfr] i=kdkfjrk vkSj vè;kiu dh izfØ;k ls xq”kjrs&xq”kjrs os ckS¼&n'kZu dh
vksj eqM+sA Hkkjrh; vkSj frCcrh vkpk;ks± osQ lkFk cSBdj mUgksaus ukxktqZu osQ n'kZu
vkSj otz;kuh ijaijk dk vè;;u 'kq: fd;kA Hkkjrh; fpard ts- Ñ".kewfrZ us tc
ckS¼ fo}kuksa osQ lkFk fparu&euu 'kq: fd;k rks Ñ".kukFk Hkh mlesa 'kkfey FksA
ckS¼&n'kZu ij Ñ".kukFk th us dkI
+
kQh oqQN fy[kk gSA
Lihfr esa ckfj'k/69
bruk oqQN djus osQ ckotwn Ñ".kukFk th dh l`tu&vkdka{kk iwjh ugha gqbZA
blfy, os ;k;koj gks x,A ,d ;k;kojh rks mUgksaus oSpkfjd /jkry ij dh Fkh
nwljh lkalkfjd vFkZ esaA mUgksaus fgeky; dh ;k=kk 'kq: dh vkSj mu LFkyksa dks
[kkstuk vkSj [kaxkyuk 'kq: fd;k tks ckS¼&/eZ vkSj Hkkjrh; feFkdksa ls tqM+s gSaA
fiQj tc mUgksaus bl ;k=kk oQks 'kCnksa esa ck¡/uk 'kq: fd;k rks ;k=kk&o`Ùkkar tSlh
foèkk vuwBh foy{k.krk ls Hkj xbZA Ñ".kukFk tgk¡ dh ;k=kk djrs gSa ogk¡ os flI
+
kZQ
i;ZVd ugha gksrs cfYd ,d rRoosÙkk dh rjg ogk¡ dk vè;;u djrs pyrs gSaA
ij os 'kq"d vè;;u ugha djrs cfYd ml LFkku fo'ks"k ls tqM+h Le`fr;ksa dks
m?kkM+rs gSaA ;s os Le`fr;k¡ gksrh gSa tks bfrgkl osQ izokg esa flI
+
kZQ LFkkuh; gksdj jg
xbZ gSa ysfdu ftudk laiw.kZ Hkkjrh; yksdekul ls xgjk fj'rk jgk gSA igkM+ osQ
fdlh NksVs&cM+s f'k[kj ij nqcddj cSBh og foLe`r&lh&Le`fr ekuks Ñ".kukFk dh
izrh{kk dj jgh gks fd os vk,¡] mls ns[ksa vkSj mlosQ ckjs esa fy[kdj mls tuekul
osQ ikl ys tk,¡A
Ñ".kukFk osQ ;k=kk&o`Ùkkar LFkku fo'ks"k ls tqM+s gksdj Hkh Hkk"kk] bfrgkl] iqjk.k
dk lalkj lesVs gq, gSaA ikBd muosQ lkFk [kqn ;k=kk djus yxrk  gSA os yksx] tks
bu LFkkuksa dh ;k=kk dj pqosQ gksrs gSa] os Hkh vxj Ñ".kukFk osQ ;k=kk&o`Ùkkar dks
i<+saxs rks mUgas oqQN u;k yxsxkA mUgsa eglwl gksxk fd mudh iqjkuh ;k=kk v/wjh Fkh
vkSj Ñ".kukFk osQ ;k=kk&o`Ùkkar dks i<+dj og iwjh gqbZA
Lihfr esa ckfj'k ikB ,d ;k=kk&o`Ùkkar gSA Lihfr] fgekpy osQ eè; esa fLFkr
gSA ;g LFkku viuh HkkSxksfyd ,oa izkÑfrd fo'ks"krkvksa osQ dkj.k vU; ioZrh;
LFkyksa ls fHkUu gSA ys[kd us bl ikB esa Lihfr dh tula[;k] Írq] I
+
kQly]
tyok;q rFkk Hkwxksy dk o.kZu fd;k gS tks ijLij ,d&nwljs ls lacaf/r gSaA ikB
esa nqxZe {ks=k Lihfr esa jgus okys yksxksa osQ dfBukbZ Hkjs thou dk Hkh o.kZu fd;k
x;k gSA oqQN ;qok i;ZVdksa dk igq¡puk Lihfr osQ i;kZoj.k dks cny ldrk gSA BaMs
jsfxLrku tSls Lihfr osQ fy, mudk vkuk] ogk¡ cw¡nksa Hkjk ,d lq[kn la;ksx cu
ldrk gSA
Ñ".kukFk/69 70/vkjksg
Lihfr esa ckfj'k
Lihfr fgekpy izns'k osQ ykgqy&Lihfr f”kys dh rglhy gSA ykgqy&Lihfr dk
;g ;ksx Hkh vkdfLed gh gSA buesa cgqr ;ksxk;ksx ugha gSA m¡Qps njks± vkSj dfBu
jkLrksa osQ dkj.k bfrgkl esa Hkh de jgk gSA vya?; Hkwxksy ;gk¡ bfrgkl dk ,d
cM+k dkjd gSA vc tcfd lapkj esa oqQN lqèkkj gqvk gS rc Hkh ykgqy&Lihfr
dk ;ksx izk;% ^ok;jysl lsV* osQ ”kfj, gS tks osQyax vkSj dktk osQ chp [kM+drk
jgrk gSA fiQj Hkh osQyax osQ ckn'kkg dks Hk; yxk jgrk gS fd dgha dktk dk
lwcsnkj mldh voKk rks ugha dj jgk gS\ dgha cxkor rks ugha djus okyk gS\
ysfdu flok; ok;jysl lsV ij lans'k Hkstus osQ og dj Hkh D;k ldrk gS\
olar esa Hkh 170 ehy tkuk&vkuk dfBu gSA 'khr esa izk;
%
 vlaHko gSA
izkphudky esa 'kk;n Lihfr Hkkjrh; lkezkT;ksa dk vuke vax jgh gSA tc ;s
lkezkT; VwVs rks ;g Lora=k jgh gSA fiQj eè; ;qx esa izk;
%
 yík[k eaMy vkSj dHkh
d'ehj eaMy] dHkh cq'kgj eaMy] dHkh oqQYyw eaMy] dHkh fczfV'k Hkkjr osQ rgr
jgh gSA rc Hkh izk;
%
 Lok;Ùk jgh gSA bldh Lok;Ùkrk Hkwxksy us fljth gSA Hkwxksy
gh bldh j{kk djrk gSA Hkwxksy gh bldk lagkj Hkh djrk gSA
igys dHkh mu jktkvksa dk dksbZ gjdkjk vkrk Fkk rks mlosQ vkrs&tkrs og
vYi olar chr tkrk FkkA dHkh dksbZ Tkksjkoj flag tSlk vkrk Fkk rks Lihfr dk
rjhdk ogh Fkk tks rqifpfyax xksuik esa eSaus ns[kkA tc MkbukekbV dk foLiQksV
Lihfr esa ckfj'k/71
gqvk rks ykgqyh gnl dj] vk¡[k candj] pk¡Xek dk ruk idM+ ;k ,d&nwljs dks
idM+dj cSB x,A tc èkekdk xq”kj x;k rks fiQj Mjrs&Mjrs vk¡[k [kksy dj mBsA
Tkksjkoj flag osQ vkØe.k osQ le; Lihfr osQ yksx ?kj NksM+dj Hkkx x,A mlus
Lihfr dks vkSj ogk¡ osQ fogkjksa dks ywVkA ;g vizfrdkj 'kk;n Lihfr dh lqj{kk dh
i¼fr gSA
Lihfr esa tula[;k ykgqy ls Hkh de gSA 1901 dh tux.kuk osQ vuqlkj
3] 231 jgh gSA 1971 dh tux.kuk osQ vuqlkj 7] 196 gSA bldk {ks=kiQy eq>s
1971 dh tux.kuk esa ykgqy osQ lkFk tksM+dj feyk gS tks 12]015 oxZ fdyksehVj
gS
1
A Lihfr dk vyx {ks=kiQy ugha fn;k x;k gSA baihfj;y xtsfV;j (vkWDliQksMZ]
1908] [kaM 23) osQ vuqlkj ;g {ks=kiQy 2]155 oxZehy gSA bl rjg Lihfr dh
tula[;k izfr oxZehy pkj ls Hkh de gSA 1901 esa ;g izfr oxZehy nks ls Hkh
de FkhA
ykgqy&Lihfr dk iz'kklu fczfV'k jkt ls Hkkjr dks tl dk rl feykA vaxzs”kksa
dks ;g 1846 bZ- esa d'ehj osQ jktk xqykc flag osQ ”kfj, feykA vaxzs”k buosQ
”kfj, if'peh frCcr osQ mQu okys {ks=k esa izos'k pkgrs FksA frCcr esa vaxzs”kh
lkezkT; osQ nwjxkeh fgr Hkh FksA tks Hkh gks] 1846 esa oqQYyw] ykgqy] Lihfr fczfV'k
vèkhurk esa vk,A igys lqifjaVasMsaV osQ vèkhu FksA fiQj 1847 esa os dk¡xM+k f”kys
esa 'kjhd dj fn, x,A yík[k eaMy osQ fnuksa esa Hkh Lihfr dk 'kklu ,d uksuks
2
}kjk pyk;k tkrk FkkA fczfV'k Hkkjr esa Hkh oqQYyw osQ vflLVsaV dfe'uj osQ leFkZu
ls ;g uksuks dk;Z djrk jgkA bldk vfèkdkj&{ks=k osQoy f}rh; njts osQ eftLVªsV
osQ cjkcj FkkA ysfdu Lihfr osQ yksx bls viuk jktk gh ekurs FksA jktk ugha gS
rks ne;arh th dks jkuh ekurs gSaA
1- orZeku (2002 dh tux.kuk osQ vuqlkj) µ ykgqy&Lihfr dk {ks=kiQy 12]210 oxZ
fdyksehVj rFkk tula[;k 34]000 gSA
2- LFkkuh; 'kkld
Page 5


68/vkjksg
pyrs&pyrs var ughaA var fcuk NqVdkjk ughaA blfy, ril gSA
èkqvk¡  gSA  ;kuh  bPNk gSA  tku  ysus  dhA  igpku  ysus  dhA
(yík[k esa jkx&fojkx)
Ñ".kukFk
tUe% lu~~ 1934] okjk.klh (m-iz-)
izeq[k jpuk,¡% yík[k esa jkx&fojkx] fdUuj
èkeZyksd] Lihfr esa ckfj'k] i`Foh&ifjØek] fgeky
;k=kk] v#.kkpy ;k=kk] ckS¼ fucaèkkoyh] fganh
vkSj vaxzs”kh esa dbZ iqLrdksa dk laiknu
lEeku% yksfg;k lEeku
Ñ".kukFk osQ O;fDrRo osQ dbZ igyw gSaA dk'kh
fganw fo'ofo|ky; ls vFkZ'kkL=k esa ,e-,- osQ ckn mudk >qdko lektoknh
vkanksyu vkSj ckS¼&n'kZu dh vksj gks x;kA ckS¼&n'kZu esa mudh xgjh iSB gSA os
vFkZ'kkL=k osQ fo}ku gSa vkSj dk'kh fo|kihB esa blh fo"k; osQ izksI
+
ksQlj Hkh jgsA
vaxzs”kh vkSj fganh nksuksa Hkk"kkvksa ij mudk vf/dkj gS vkSj nksuksa dh i=kdkfjrk ls
Hkh mudk tqM+ko jgkA fganh dh lkfgfR;d if=kdk dYiuk osQ laiknd eaMy esa
os dbZ lky jgs vkSj vaxzs”kh osQ eSudkbaM dk oqQN o"kks± rd laiknu Hkh fd;kA
jktuhfr] i=kdkfjrk vkSj vè;kiu dh izfØ;k ls xq”kjrs&xq”kjrs os ckS¼&n'kZu dh
vksj eqM+sA Hkkjrh; vkSj frCcrh vkpk;ks± osQ lkFk cSBdj mUgksaus ukxktqZu osQ n'kZu
vkSj otz;kuh ijaijk dk vè;;u 'kq: fd;kA Hkkjrh; fpard ts- Ñ".kewfrZ us tc
ckS¼ fo}kuksa osQ lkFk fparu&euu 'kq: fd;k rks Ñ".kukFk Hkh mlesa 'kkfey FksA
ckS¼&n'kZu ij Ñ".kukFk th us dkI
+
kQh oqQN fy[kk gSA
Lihfr esa ckfj'k/69
bruk oqQN djus osQ ckotwn Ñ".kukFk th dh l`tu&vkdka{kk iwjh ugha gqbZA
blfy, os ;k;koj gks x,A ,d ;k;kojh rks mUgksaus oSpkfjd /jkry ij dh Fkh
nwljh lkalkfjd vFkZ esaA mUgksaus fgeky; dh ;k=kk 'kq: dh vkSj mu LFkyksa dks
[kkstuk vkSj [kaxkyuk 'kq: fd;k tks ckS¼&/eZ vkSj Hkkjrh; feFkdksa ls tqM+s gSaA
fiQj tc mUgksaus bl ;k=kk oQks 'kCnksa esa ck¡/uk 'kq: fd;k rks ;k=kk&o`Ùkkar tSlh
foèkk vuwBh foy{k.krk ls Hkj xbZA Ñ".kukFk tgk¡ dh ;k=kk djrs gSa ogk¡ os flI
+
kZQ
i;ZVd ugha gksrs cfYd ,d rRoosÙkk dh rjg ogk¡ dk vè;;u djrs pyrs gSaA
ij os 'kq"d vè;;u ugha djrs cfYd ml LFkku fo'ks"k ls tqM+h Le`fr;ksa dks
m?kkM+rs gSaA ;s os Le`fr;k¡ gksrh gSa tks bfrgkl osQ izokg esa flI
+
kZQ LFkkuh; gksdj jg
xbZ gSa ysfdu ftudk laiw.kZ Hkkjrh; yksdekul ls xgjk fj'rk jgk gSA igkM+ osQ
fdlh NksVs&cM+s f'k[kj ij nqcddj cSBh og foLe`r&lh&Le`fr ekuks Ñ".kukFk dh
izrh{kk dj jgh gks fd os vk,¡] mls ns[ksa vkSj mlosQ ckjs esa fy[kdj mls tuekul
osQ ikl ys tk,¡A
Ñ".kukFk osQ ;k=kk&o`Ùkkar LFkku fo'ks"k ls tqM+s gksdj Hkh Hkk"kk] bfrgkl] iqjk.k
dk lalkj lesVs gq, gSaA ikBd muosQ lkFk [kqn ;k=kk djus yxrk  gSA os yksx] tks
bu LFkkuksa dh ;k=kk dj pqosQ gksrs gSa] os Hkh vxj Ñ".kukFk osQ ;k=kk&o`Ùkkar dks
i<+saxs rks mUgas oqQN u;k yxsxkA mUgsa eglwl gksxk fd mudh iqjkuh ;k=kk v/wjh Fkh
vkSj Ñ".kukFk osQ ;k=kk&o`Ùkkar dks i<+dj og iwjh gqbZA
Lihfr esa ckfj'k ikB ,d ;k=kk&o`Ùkkar gSA Lihfr] fgekpy osQ eè; esa fLFkr
gSA ;g LFkku viuh HkkSxksfyd ,oa izkÑfrd fo'ks"krkvksa osQ dkj.k vU; ioZrh;
LFkyksa ls fHkUu gSA ys[kd us bl ikB esa Lihfr dh tula[;k] Írq] I
+
kQly]
tyok;q rFkk Hkwxksy dk o.kZu fd;k gS tks ijLij ,d&nwljs ls lacaf/r gSaA ikB
esa nqxZe {ks=k Lihfr esa jgus okys yksxksa osQ dfBukbZ Hkjs thou dk Hkh o.kZu fd;k
x;k gSA oqQN ;qok i;ZVdksa dk igq¡puk Lihfr osQ i;kZoj.k dks cny ldrk gSA BaMs
jsfxLrku tSls Lihfr osQ fy, mudk vkuk] ogk¡ cw¡nksa Hkjk ,d lq[kn la;ksx cu
ldrk gSA
Ñ".kukFk/69 70/vkjksg
Lihfr esa ckfj'k
Lihfr fgekpy izns'k osQ ykgqy&Lihfr f”kys dh rglhy gSA ykgqy&Lihfr dk
;g ;ksx Hkh vkdfLed gh gSA buesa cgqr ;ksxk;ksx ugha gSA m¡Qps njks± vkSj dfBu
jkLrksa osQ dkj.k bfrgkl esa Hkh de jgk gSA vya?; Hkwxksy ;gk¡ bfrgkl dk ,d
cM+k dkjd gSA vc tcfd lapkj esa oqQN lqèkkj gqvk gS rc Hkh ykgqy&Lihfr
dk ;ksx izk;% ^ok;jysl lsV* osQ ”kfj, gS tks osQyax vkSj dktk osQ chp [kM+drk
jgrk gSA fiQj Hkh osQyax osQ ckn'kkg dks Hk; yxk jgrk gS fd dgha dktk dk
lwcsnkj mldh voKk rks ugha dj jgk gS\ dgha cxkor rks ugha djus okyk gS\
ysfdu flok; ok;jysl lsV ij lans'k Hkstus osQ og dj Hkh D;k ldrk gS\
olar esa Hkh 170 ehy tkuk&vkuk dfBu gSA 'khr esa izk;
%
 vlaHko gSA
izkphudky esa 'kk;n Lihfr Hkkjrh; lkezkT;ksa dk vuke vax jgh gSA tc ;s
lkezkT; VwVs rks ;g Lora=k jgh gSA fiQj eè; ;qx esa izk;
%
 yík[k eaMy vkSj dHkh
d'ehj eaMy] dHkh cq'kgj eaMy] dHkh oqQYyw eaMy] dHkh fczfV'k Hkkjr osQ rgr
jgh gSA rc Hkh izk;
%
 Lok;Ùk jgh gSA bldh Lok;Ùkrk Hkwxksy us fljth gSA Hkwxksy
gh bldh j{kk djrk gSA Hkwxksy gh bldk lagkj Hkh djrk gSA
igys dHkh mu jktkvksa dk dksbZ gjdkjk vkrk Fkk rks mlosQ vkrs&tkrs og
vYi olar chr tkrk FkkA dHkh dksbZ Tkksjkoj flag tSlk vkrk Fkk rks Lihfr dk
rjhdk ogh Fkk tks rqifpfyax xksuik esa eSaus ns[kkA tc MkbukekbV dk foLiQksV
Lihfr esa ckfj'k/71
gqvk rks ykgqyh gnl dj] vk¡[k candj] pk¡Xek dk ruk idM+ ;k ,d&nwljs dks
idM+dj cSB x,A tc èkekdk xq”kj x;k rks fiQj Mjrs&Mjrs vk¡[k [kksy dj mBsA
Tkksjkoj flag osQ vkØe.k osQ le; Lihfr osQ yksx ?kj NksM+dj Hkkx x,A mlus
Lihfr dks vkSj ogk¡ osQ fogkjksa dks ywVkA ;g vizfrdkj 'kk;n Lihfr dh lqj{kk dh
i¼fr gSA
Lihfr esa tula[;k ykgqy ls Hkh de gSA 1901 dh tux.kuk osQ vuqlkj
3] 231 jgh gSA 1971 dh tux.kuk osQ vuqlkj 7] 196 gSA bldk {ks=kiQy eq>s
1971 dh tux.kuk esa ykgqy osQ lkFk tksM+dj feyk gS tks 12]015 oxZ fdyksehVj
gS
1
A Lihfr dk vyx {ks=kiQy ugha fn;k x;k gSA baihfj;y xtsfV;j (vkWDliQksMZ]
1908] [kaM 23) osQ vuqlkj ;g {ks=kiQy 2]155 oxZehy gSA bl rjg Lihfr dh
tula[;k izfr oxZehy pkj ls Hkh de gSA 1901 esa ;g izfr oxZehy nks ls Hkh
de FkhA
ykgqy&Lihfr dk iz'kklu fczfV'k jkt ls Hkkjr dks tl dk rl feykA vaxzs”kksa
dks ;g 1846 bZ- esa d'ehj osQ jktk xqykc flag osQ ”kfj, feykA vaxzs”k buosQ
”kfj, if'peh frCcr osQ mQu okys {ks=k esa izos'k pkgrs FksA frCcr esa vaxzs”kh
lkezkT; osQ nwjxkeh fgr Hkh FksA tks Hkh gks] 1846 esa oqQYyw] ykgqy] Lihfr fczfV'k
vèkhurk esa vk,A igys lqifjaVasMsaV osQ vèkhu FksA fiQj 1847 esa os dk¡xM+k f”kys
esa 'kjhd dj fn, x,A yík[k eaMy osQ fnuksa esa Hkh Lihfr dk 'kklu ,d uksuks
2
}kjk pyk;k tkrk FkkA fczfV'k Hkkjr esa Hkh oqQYyw osQ vflLVsaV dfe'uj osQ leFkZu
ls ;g uksuks dk;Z djrk jgkA bldk vfèkdkj&{ks=k osQoy f}rh; njts osQ eftLVªsV
osQ cjkcj FkkA ysfdu Lihfr osQ yksx bls viuk jktk gh ekurs FksA jktk ugha gS
rks ne;arh th dks jkuh ekurs gSaA
1- orZeku (2002 dh tux.kuk osQ vuqlkj) µ ykgqy&Lihfr dk {ks=kiQy 12]210 oxZ
fdyksehVj rFkk tula[;k 34]000 gSA
2- LFkkuh; 'kkld
72/vkjksg
1873 esa Lihfr jsxqys'ku ikl gqvk ftlosQ rgr ykgqy vkSj Lihfr dks fo'ks"k
njtk fn;k x;kA fczfV'k Hkkjr osQ vU; dkuwu ;gk¡ ugha ykxw gksrs FksA jsxqys'ku osQ
vèkhu iz'kklu osQ vfèkdkj uksuks dks fn, x, ftlesa ekyxq”kkjh bd_k djuk vkSj
NksVs&NksVs I
+
kQkStnkjh osQ eqdíeksa dk I
+
kSQLkyk djuk Hkh 'kkfey FkkA mlosQ mQij osQ
ekeys og dfe'uj osQ ikl Hkst nsrk FkkA mu fnuksa ykgqy&Lihfr dk o`Ùkkar
dk¡xM+k f”kys osQ varxZr oqQYyw rglhy esa feyrk gSA LojkT; osQ ckn 1960 esa
ykgqy&Lihfr iatkc jkT; osQ varxZr ,d vyx f”kyk cuk fn;k x;k ftldk osQUnz
osQyax esa gSA 1966 esa tc fgekpy izns'k jkT; cuk rks ykgqy&Lihfr mldk mÙkjh
Nksj dk f”kyk gks x;kA ;g ns'k dk lcls vfèkd nqxZe {ks=k gSA
Lihfr 31-42 vkSj 32-59 v{kka'k mÙkj vkSj 77-26 vkSj 78-42 iwoZ ns'kkarj osQ
chp fLFkr gSA ;g pkjksa vksj ls m¡Qps&m¡Qps igkM+ksa dk oSQnh gSA bu igkM+ksa dh
vkSlr m¡QpkbZ 18]000 I
+
kQhV gSA ;g igkM+ mls iwjc esa frCcr] if'pe esa ykgqy]
nf{k.k esa fdUukSj vkSj mÙkj esa yík[k ls vyx djrs gSaA bldh eq[; ?kkVh blh
uke dh Lihfr unh dh ?kkVh gSA Lihfr if'pe fgeky; esa yxHkx 16]000 I
+
kQhV
dh m¡QpkbZ ls fudy dj iwjc esa frCcr esa cgrh gS] ogk¡ ls Lihfr esa vkrh gSA
Lihfr ls cg dj iqjkus jkeiqj cq'kgj jkT; esa] vc fdUukSj f”kys esa cgrh gqbZ
lryqt esa feyrh gSA esjh bl Lihfr unh ls izhfr gSA Lihfr esa eSa flI
+
kZQ blh unh
dks igpkurk g¡wA lqurk gw¡ fd dksbZ ikjk unh Hkh gS] fiQj ?kkVh gSA Lihfr osQ vykok
fiu dh ?kkVh izfl¼ gSA eku HkkbZ ls bldk fdLlk lquk gSA vR;ar chgM+ vkSj
ohjku gSA buesa ls 'kk;n Lihfr dh ?kkVh gh vkckn gSA tSlh og vkckn gS og
vki ns[k gh jgs gSaA izfr oxZehy pkj ls Hkh de yksx clrs gSaA
vpjt ;g ugha fd brus de yksx D;ksa gSa\ vpjt ;g gS fd brus yksx Hkh
oSQls cls gq, gSa\ eSaus tc Hkh Lihfr dh foifÙk crkbZ gS rks yksxksa us ;gh iwNk fd
vkf[kj rc yksx ogk¡ jgrs D;ksa gSa\ vkB&ukS eghus 'ks"k nqfu;k ls dVs gq, gSaA BaM
esa fBBqj jgs gSaA flI
+
kZQ ,d I
+
kQly mxkrs gSaA ydM+h Hkh ugha gS fd ?kj xje j[k
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FAQs on NCERT Textbook - Krishnanath - NCERT Books & Solutions for Humanities - Humanities/Arts

1. What is the NCERT textbook Krishnanath about?
Ans. The NCERT textbook Krishnanath is a literary work that tells the story of a man named Krishnanath who undergoes a transformation due to his encounter with a holy man. The book explores themes of spirituality, self-discovery, and the pursuit of knowledge.
2. Who is the author of the NCERT textbook Krishnanath?
Ans. The author of the NCERT textbook Krishnanath is Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, a renowned Bengali writer and poet. He is considered one of the pioneers of modern Indian literature and is best known for his novel "Anandamath."
3. What are the important themes discussed in the NCERT textbook Krishnanath?
Ans. The NCERT textbook Krishnanath delves into several significant themes, including the quest for spiritual enlightenment, the power of knowledge, the role of society in shaping an individual, and the importance of self-reflection and introspection. These themes are explored through the character of Krishnanath and his journey of self-discovery.
4. How can the NCERT textbook Krishnanath help students in their academic studies?
Ans. The NCERT textbook Krishnanath can be beneficial for students in their academic studies as it not only offers a compelling story but also explores various literary techniques, character development, and thematic analysis. By studying this text, students can enhance their critical thinking skills, improve their understanding of Indian literature, and develop a deeper appreciation for the complexities of human nature.
5. Are there any other notable works by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay apart from the NCERT textbook Krishnanath?
Ans. Yes, Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay has several other notable works apart from the NCERT textbook Krishnanath. Some of his acclaimed works include "Anandamath," "Durgeshnandini," "Kapalkundala," and "Devi Chaudhurani." These works showcase his literary prowess and his ability to weave captivating narratives that delve into various aspects of Indian society and culture.
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