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 Page 1


140/vkjksg
ijk/hu jgdj viuk lq[k 'kksd u dg ldrk gS
;g vieku txr esa osQoy i'kq gh lg ldrk gSA
         (ifFkd)
jkeujs'k f=kikBh
tUe% lu~~ 1881] dksbjhiqj] f”kyk tkSuiqj (m-iz)
izeq[k jpuk,¡% feyu] ifFkd] LoIu ([kaM dkO;)
ekulh (iqQVdj dfork laxzg)
e`R;q% lu~~ 1962
jke ujs'k f=kikBh Nk;kokn iwoZ dh [kM+h cksyh osQ
egRoiw.kZ dfo ekus tkrs gSaA vkjafHkd f'k{kk iwjh
djus osQ ckn Lokè;k; ls fganh] vaxzs”kh] ckaXyk
vkSj mnwZ dk Kku izkIr fd;kA mUgksaus ml le; osQ
dfo;ksa osQ fiz; fo"k; lekt&lqèkkj osQ LFkku ij
jksekafVd izse dks dfork dk fo"k; cuk;kA mudh dforkvksa esa ns'kizse vkSj
oS;fDrd izse nksuksa ekStwn gSa] ysfdu ns'kizse dks gh fo'ks"k LFkku fn;k x;k gSA
dfork dkSeqnh (vkB Hkkx) esa mUgksaus fganh] mnwZ] ckaXyk vkSj laLÑr dh yksdfiz;
dforkvksa dk ladyu fd;k gSA blh osQ ,d [kaM esa xzkexhr ladfyr gSa] ftls
mUgksaus xk¡o&xk¡o ?kwedj ,d=k fd;k FkkA yksd&lkfgR; osQ laj{k.k dh n`f"V ls fganh
esa ;g mudk igyk ekSfyd dk;Z FkkA fganh esa os cky lkfgR; osQ tud ekus tkrs
gSaA mUgksaus dbZ o"kks± rd ckuj uked cky if=kdk dk laiknu fd;k] ftlesa ekSfyd
,oa f'k{kkizn dgkfu;k¡] izsjd izlax vkfn izdkf'kr gksrs FksA dfork osQ vykok
mUgksaus ukVd] miU;kl] vkykspuk] laLej.k vkfn vU; foèkkvksa esa Hkh jpuk,¡ dhaA
© NCERT
not to be republished
Page 2


140/vkjksg
ijk/hu jgdj viuk lq[k 'kksd u dg ldrk gS
;g vieku txr esa osQoy i'kq gh lg ldrk gSA
         (ifFkd)
jkeujs'k f=kikBh
tUe% lu~~ 1881] dksbjhiqj] f”kyk tkSuiqj (m-iz)
izeq[k jpuk,¡% feyu] ifFkd] LoIu ([kaM dkO;)
ekulh (iqQVdj dfork laxzg)
e`R;q% lu~~ 1962
jke ujs'k f=kikBh Nk;kokn iwoZ dh [kM+h cksyh osQ
egRoiw.kZ dfo ekus tkrs gSaA vkjafHkd f'k{kk iwjh
djus osQ ckn Lokè;k; ls fganh] vaxzs”kh] ckaXyk
vkSj mnwZ dk Kku izkIr fd;kA mUgksaus ml le; osQ
dfo;ksa osQ fiz; fo"k; lekt&lqèkkj osQ LFkku ij
jksekafVd izse dks dfork dk fo"k; cuk;kA mudh dforkvksa esa ns'kizse vkSj
oS;fDrd izse nksuksa ekStwn gSa] ysfdu ns'kizse dks gh fo'ks"k LFkku fn;k x;k gSA
dfork dkSeqnh (vkB Hkkx) esa mUgksaus fganh] mnwZ] ckaXyk vkSj laLÑr dh yksdfiz;
dforkvksa dk ladyu fd;k gSA blh osQ ,d [kaM esa xzkexhr ladfyr gSa] ftls
mUgksaus xk¡o&xk¡o ?kwedj ,d=k fd;k FkkA yksd&lkfgR; osQ laj{k.k dh n`f"V ls fganh
esa ;g mudk igyk ekSfyd dk;Z FkkA fganh esa os cky lkfgR; osQ tud ekus tkrs
gSaA mUgksaus dbZ o"kks± rd ckuj uked cky if=kdk dk laiknu fd;k] ftlesa ekSfyd
,oa f'k{kkizn dgkfu;k¡] izsjd izlax vkfn izdkf'kr gksrs FksA dfork osQ vykok
mUgksaus ukVd] miU;kl] vkykspuk] laLej.k vkfn vU; foèkkvksa esa Hkh jpuk,¡ dhaA
© NCERT
not to be republished
ifFkd/141
izLrqr va'k ifFkd 'kh"kZd [kaM dkO; osQ igys lxZ ls fy;k x;k gSA bl nqfu;k
osQ nq[kksa ls fojDr dkO; uk;d ifFkd izÑfr osQ lkSan;Z ij eqXèk gksdj ogha cluk
pkgrk gSA ;gk¡ fdlh lkèkqtu }kjk lans'k xzg.k djosQ og ns'klsok dk ozr ysrk gSA
jktk }kjk mls e`R;qnaM feyrk gS] ijarq mldh dhfrZ lekt esa cuh jgrh gSA
lkxj osQ fdukjs [kM+k ifFkd mlosQ lkSan;Z ij eqX/ gSA izo`Qfr osQ bl vn~Hkqr
lkSan;Z dks og e/qj euksgj mTToy isze dgkuh dh rjg ikuk pkgrk gSA izo`Qfr
osQ izfr ifFkd dk ;g izse mls viuh iRuh osQ izse ls nwj ys tkrk gSA
LoPNanrkoknh bl jpuk esa izse] Hkk"kk vkSj dYiuk dk vn~Hkqr la;ksx feyrk gSA
jkeujs'k f=kikBh/141
© NCERT
not to be republished
Page 3


140/vkjksg
ijk/hu jgdj viuk lq[k 'kksd u dg ldrk gS
;g vieku txr esa osQoy i'kq gh lg ldrk gSA
         (ifFkd)
jkeujs'k f=kikBh
tUe% lu~~ 1881] dksbjhiqj] f”kyk tkSuiqj (m-iz)
izeq[k jpuk,¡% feyu] ifFkd] LoIu ([kaM dkO;)
ekulh (iqQVdj dfork laxzg)
e`R;q% lu~~ 1962
jke ujs'k f=kikBh Nk;kokn iwoZ dh [kM+h cksyh osQ
egRoiw.kZ dfo ekus tkrs gSaA vkjafHkd f'k{kk iwjh
djus osQ ckn Lokè;k; ls fganh] vaxzs”kh] ckaXyk
vkSj mnwZ dk Kku izkIr fd;kA mUgksaus ml le; osQ
dfo;ksa osQ fiz; fo"k; lekt&lqèkkj osQ LFkku ij
jksekafVd izse dks dfork dk fo"k; cuk;kA mudh dforkvksa esa ns'kizse vkSj
oS;fDrd izse nksuksa ekStwn gSa] ysfdu ns'kizse dks gh fo'ks"k LFkku fn;k x;k gSA
dfork dkSeqnh (vkB Hkkx) esa mUgksaus fganh] mnwZ] ckaXyk vkSj laLÑr dh yksdfiz;
dforkvksa dk ladyu fd;k gSA blh osQ ,d [kaM esa xzkexhr ladfyr gSa] ftls
mUgksaus xk¡o&xk¡o ?kwedj ,d=k fd;k FkkA yksd&lkfgR; osQ laj{k.k dh n`f"V ls fganh
esa ;g mudk igyk ekSfyd dk;Z FkkA fganh esa os cky lkfgR; osQ tud ekus tkrs
gSaA mUgksaus dbZ o"kks± rd ckuj uked cky if=kdk dk laiknu fd;k] ftlesa ekSfyd
,oa f'k{kkizn dgkfu;k¡] izsjd izlax vkfn izdkf'kr gksrs FksA dfork osQ vykok
mUgksaus ukVd] miU;kl] vkykspuk] laLej.k vkfn vU; foèkkvksa esa Hkh jpuk,¡ dhaA
© NCERT
not to be republished
ifFkd/141
izLrqr va'k ifFkd 'kh"kZd [kaM dkO; osQ igys lxZ ls fy;k x;k gSA bl nqfu;k
osQ nq[kksa ls fojDr dkO; uk;d ifFkd izÑfr osQ lkSan;Z ij eqXèk gksdj ogha cluk
pkgrk gSA ;gk¡ fdlh lkèkqtu }kjk lans'k xzg.k djosQ og ns'klsok dk ozr ysrk gSA
jktk }kjk mls e`R;qnaM feyrk gS] ijarq mldh dhfrZ lekt esa cuh jgrh gSA
lkxj osQ fdukjs [kM+k ifFkd mlosQ lkSan;Z ij eqX/ gSA izo`Qfr osQ bl vn~Hkqr
lkSan;Z dks og e/qj euksgj mTToy isze dgkuh dh rjg ikuk pkgrk gSA izo`Qfr
osQ izfr ifFkd dk ;g izse mls viuh iRuh osQ izse ls nwj ys tkrk gSA
LoPNanrkoknh bl jpuk esa izse] Hkk"kk vkSj dYiuk dk vn~Hkqr la;ksx feyrk gSA
jkeujs'k f=kikBh/141
© NCERT
not to be republished
142/vkjksg
ifFkd
izfr{k.k uwru os'k cukdj jax&fcjax fujkykA
jfo osQ lEeq[k fFkjd jgh gS uHk esa okfjn&ekykA
uhps uhy leqnz euksgj mQij uhy xxu gSA
?ku ij cSB] chp esa fcp:¡ ;gh pkgrk eu gSAA
jRukdj xtZu djrk gS] ey;kfuy cgrk gSA
gjne ;g gkSlyk ân; esa fiz;s! Hkjk jgrk gSA
bl fo'kky] foLr`r] efgeke; jRukdj osQ ?kj osQµ
dksus&dksus esa ygjksa ij cSB fiQ:¡ th Hkj osQ AA
fudy jgk gS tyfuf/&ry ij fnudj&fcac v/wjkA
deyk  osQ  dapu&eafnj  dk  ekuks  dkar  o¡QxwjkA
ykus dks fut iq.;&Hkwfe ij y{eh dh vlokjhA
jRukdj us fufeZr dj nh Lo.kZ&lM+d vfr I;kjhAA
fuHkZ;] n`<+] xaHkhj Hkko ls xjt jgk lkxj gSA
ygjksa ij ygjksa dk vkuk lqanj] vfr lqanj gSA
dgks ;gk¡ ls c<+dj lq[k D;k ik ldrk gS izk.kh\
vuqHko djks ân; ls] gs vuqjkx&Hkjh dY;k.khAA
© NCERT
not to be republished
Page 4


140/vkjksg
ijk/hu jgdj viuk lq[k 'kksd u dg ldrk gS
;g vieku txr esa osQoy i'kq gh lg ldrk gSA
         (ifFkd)
jkeujs'k f=kikBh
tUe% lu~~ 1881] dksbjhiqj] f”kyk tkSuiqj (m-iz)
izeq[k jpuk,¡% feyu] ifFkd] LoIu ([kaM dkO;)
ekulh (iqQVdj dfork laxzg)
e`R;q% lu~~ 1962
jke ujs'k f=kikBh Nk;kokn iwoZ dh [kM+h cksyh osQ
egRoiw.kZ dfo ekus tkrs gSaA vkjafHkd f'k{kk iwjh
djus osQ ckn Lokè;k; ls fganh] vaxzs”kh] ckaXyk
vkSj mnwZ dk Kku izkIr fd;kA mUgksaus ml le; osQ
dfo;ksa osQ fiz; fo"k; lekt&lqèkkj osQ LFkku ij
jksekafVd izse dks dfork dk fo"k; cuk;kA mudh dforkvksa esa ns'kizse vkSj
oS;fDrd izse nksuksa ekStwn gSa] ysfdu ns'kizse dks gh fo'ks"k LFkku fn;k x;k gSA
dfork dkSeqnh (vkB Hkkx) esa mUgksaus fganh] mnwZ] ckaXyk vkSj laLÑr dh yksdfiz;
dforkvksa dk ladyu fd;k gSA blh osQ ,d [kaM esa xzkexhr ladfyr gSa] ftls
mUgksaus xk¡o&xk¡o ?kwedj ,d=k fd;k FkkA yksd&lkfgR; osQ laj{k.k dh n`f"V ls fganh
esa ;g mudk igyk ekSfyd dk;Z FkkA fganh esa os cky lkfgR; osQ tud ekus tkrs
gSaA mUgksaus dbZ o"kks± rd ckuj uked cky if=kdk dk laiknu fd;k] ftlesa ekSfyd
,oa f'k{kkizn dgkfu;k¡] izsjd izlax vkfn izdkf'kr gksrs FksA dfork osQ vykok
mUgksaus ukVd] miU;kl] vkykspuk] laLej.k vkfn vU; foèkkvksa esa Hkh jpuk,¡ dhaA
© NCERT
not to be republished
ifFkd/141
izLrqr va'k ifFkd 'kh"kZd [kaM dkO; osQ igys lxZ ls fy;k x;k gSA bl nqfu;k
osQ nq[kksa ls fojDr dkO; uk;d ifFkd izÑfr osQ lkSan;Z ij eqXèk gksdj ogha cluk
pkgrk gSA ;gk¡ fdlh lkèkqtu }kjk lans'k xzg.k djosQ og ns'klsok dk ozr ysrk gSA
jktk }kjk mls e`R;qnaM feyrk gS] ijarq mldh dhfrZ lekt esa cuh jgrh gSA
lkxj osQ fdukjs [kM+k ifFkd mlosQ lkSan;Z ij eqX/ gSA izo`Qfr osQ bl vn~Hkqr
lkSan;Z dks og e/qj euksgj mTToy isze dgkuh dh rjg ikuk pkgrk gSA izo`Qfr
osQ izfr ifFkd dk ;g izse mls viuh iRuh osQ izse ls nwj ys tkrk gSA
LoPNanrkoknh bl jpuk esa izse] Hkk"kk vkSj dYiuk dk vn~Hkqr la;ksx feyrk gSA
jkeujs'k f=kikBh/141
© NCERT
not to be republished
142/vkjksg
ifFkd
izfr{k.k uwru os'k cukdj jax&fcjax fujkykA
jfo osQ lEeq[k fFkjd jgh gS uHk esa okfjn&ekykA
uhps uhy leqnz euksgj mQij uhy xxu gSA
?ku ij cSB] chp esa fcp:¡ ;gh pkgrk eu gSAA
jRukdj xtZu djrk gS] ey;kfuy cgrk gSA
gjne ;g gkSlyk ân; esa fiz;s! Hkjk jgrk gSA
bl fo'kky] foLr`r] efgeke; jRukdj osQ ?kj osQµ
dksus&dksus esa ygjksa ij cSB fiQ:¡ th Hkj osQ AA
fudy jgk gS tyfuf/&ry ij fnudj&fcac v/wjkA
deyk  osQ  dapu&eafnj  dk  ekuks  dkar  o¡QxwjkA
ykus dks fut iq.;&Hkwfe ij y{eh dh vlokjhA
jRukdj us fufeZr dj nh Lo.kZ&lM+d vfr I;kjhAA
fuHkZ;] n`<+] xaHkhj Hkko ls xjt jgk lkxj gSA
ygjksa ij ygjksa dk vkuk lqanj] vfr lqanj gSA
dgks ;gk¡ ls c<+dj lq[k D;k ik ldrk gS izk.kh\
vuqHko djks ân; ls] gs vuqjkx&Hkjh dY;k.khAA
© NCERT
not to be republished
ifFkd/143
tc xaHkhj re v¼Z&fu'kk esa tx dks <d ysrk gSA
varfj{k dh Nr ij rkjksa dks fNVdk nsrk gSA
lfLer&onu txr dk Lokeh e`nq xfr ls vkrk gSA
rV ij [kM+k xxu&xaxk osQ e/qj xhr xkrk gSAA
mlls gh foeqX/ gks uHk esa panz fog¡l nsrk gSA
o`{k fofo/ iÙkksa&iq"iksa ls ru dks lt ysrk gSA
i{kh g"kZ l¡Hkky u ldrs eqX/ pgd mBrs gSaA
iwQy lk¡l ysdj lq[k dh lkuan egd mBrs gSaµ
ou] miou] fxfj] lkuq] oaqQt esa es?k cjl iM+rs gSaA
esjk vkRe&izy; gksrk gS] u;u uhj >M+rs gSaA
i<+ks ygj] rV] r`.k] r#] fxfj] uHk] fdju] tyn ij I;kjhA
fy[kh gqbZ ;g e/qj dgkuh fo'o&foeksgugkjhAA
dSlh e/qj euksgj mTToy gS ;g izse&dgkuhA
th esa gS v{kj cu blosQ cuw¡ fo'o dh ckuhA
fLFkj] ifo=k] vkuan&izokfgr] lnk 'kkafr lq[kdj gSA
vgk! izse dk jkT; ije lqanj] vfr'k; lqanj gSAA
vH;kl
dfork osQ lkFk
1- ifFkd dk eu dgk¡ fopjuk pkgrk gS\
2- lw;kZsn; o.kZu osQ fy, fdl rjg osQ fcacksa dk iz;ksx gqvk gS\
© NCERT
not to be republished
Page 5


140/vkjksg
ijk/hu jgdj viuk lq[k 'kksd u dg ldrk gS
;g vieku txr esa osQoy i'kq gh lg ldrk gSA
         (ifFkd)
jkeujs'k f=kikBh
tUe% lu~~ 1881] dksbjhiqj] f”kyk tkSuiqj (m-iz)
izeq[k jpuk,¡% feyu] ifFkd] LoIu ([kaM dkO;)
ekulh (iqQVdj dfork laxzg)
e`R;q% lu~~ 1962
jke ujs'k f=kikBh Nk;kokn iwoZ dh [kM+h cksyh osQ
egRoiw.kZ dfo ekus tkrs gSaA vkjafHkd f'k{kk iwjh
djus osQ ckn Lokè;k; ls fganh] vaxzs”kh] ckaXyk
vkSj mnwZ dk Kku izkIr fd;kA mUgksaus ml le; osQ
dfo;ksa osQ fiz; fo"k; lekt&lqèkkj osQ LFkku ij
jksekafVd izse dks dfork dk fo"k; cuk;kA mudh dforkvksa esa ns'kizse vkSj
oS;fDrd izse nksuksa ekStwn gSa] ysfdu ns'kizse dks gh fo'ks"k LFkku fn;k x;k gSA
dfork dkSeqnh (vkB Hkkx) esa mUgksaus fganh] mnwZ] ckaXyk vkSj laLÑr dh yksdfiz;
dforkvksa dk ladyu fd;k gSA blh osQ ,d [kaM esa xzkexhr ladfyr gSa] ftls
mUgksaus xk¡o&xk¡o ?kwedj ,d=k fd;k FkkA yksd&lkfgR; osQ laj{k.k dh n`f"V ls fganh
esa ;g mudk igyk ekSfyd dk;Z FkkA fganh esa os cky lkfgR; osQ tud ekus tkrs
gSaA mUgksaus dbZ o"kks± rd ckuj uked cky if=kdk dk laiknu fd;k] ftlesa ekSfyd
,oa f'k{kkizn dgkfu;k¡] izsjd izlax vkfn izdkf'kr gksrs FksA dfork osQ vykok
mUgksaus ukVd] miU;kl] vkykspuk] laLej.k vkfn vU; foèkkvksa esa Hkh jpuk,¡ dhaA
© NCERT
not to be republished
ifFkd/141
izLrqr va'k ifFkd 'kh"kZd [kaM dkO; osQ igys lxZ ls fy;k x;k gSA bl nqfu;k
osQ nq[kksa ls fojDr dkO; uk;d ifFkd izÑfr osQ lkSan;Z ij eqXèk gksdj ogha cluk
pkgrk gSA ;gk¡ fdlh lkèkqtu }kjk lans'k xzg.k djosQ og ns'klsok dk ozr ysrk gSA
jktk }kjk mls e`R;qnaM feyrk gS] ijarq mldh dhfrZ lekt esa cuh jgrh gSA
lkxj osQ fdukjs [kM+k ifFkd mlosQ lkSan;Z ij eqX/ gSA izo`Qfr osQ bl vn~Hkqr
lkSan;Z dks og e/qj euksgj mTToy isze dgkuh dh rjg ikuk pkgrk gSA izo`Qfr
osQ izfr ifFkd dk ;g izse mls viuh iRuh osQ izse ls nwj ys tkrk gSA
LoPNanrkoknh bl jpuk esa izse] Hkk"kk vkSj dYiuk dk vn~Hkqr la;ksx feyrk gSA
jkeujs'k f=kikBh/141
© NCERT
not to be republished
142/vkjksg
ifFkd
izfr{k.k uwru os'k cukdj jax&fcjax fujkykA
jfo osQ lEeq[k fFkjd jgh gS uHk esa okfjn&ekykA
uhps uhy leqnz euksgj mQij uhy xxu gSA
?ku ij cSB] chp esa fcp:¡ ;gh pkgrk eu gSAA
jRukdj xtZu djrk gS] ey;kfuy cgrk gSA
gjne ;g gkSlyk ân; esa fiz;s! Hkjk jgrk gSA
bl fo'kky] foLr`r] efgeke; jRukdj osQ ?kj osQµ
dksus&dksus esa ygjksa ij cSB fiQ:¡ th Hkj osQ AA
fudy jgk gS tyfuf/&ry ij fnudj&fcac v/wjkA
deyk  osQ  dapu&eafnj  dk  ekuks  dkar  o¡QxwjkA
ykus dks fut iq.;&Hkwfe ij y{eh dh vlokjhA
jRukdj us fufeZr dj nh Lo.kZ&lM+d vfr I;kjhAA
fuHkZ;] n`<+] xaHkhj Hkko ls xjt jgk lkxj gSA
ygjksa ij ygjksa dk vkuk lqanj] vfr lqanj gSA
dgks ;gk¡ ls c<+dj lq[k D;k ik ldrk gS izk.kh\
vuqHko djks ân; ls] gs vuqjkx&Hkjh dY;k.khAA
© NCERT
not to be republished
ifFkd/143
tc xaHkhj re v¼Z&fu'kk esa tx dks <d ysrk gSA
varfj{k dh Nr ij rkjksa dks fNVdk nsrk gSA
lfLer&onu txr dk Lokeh e`nq xfr ls vkrk gSA
rV ij [kM+k xxu&xaxk osQ e/qj xhr xkrk gSAA
mlls gh foeqX/ gks uHk esa panz fog¡l nsrk gSA
o`{k fofo/ iÙkksa&iq"iksa ls ru dks lt ysrk gSA
i{kh g"kZ l¡Hkky u ldrs eqX/ pgd mBrs gSaA
iwQy lk¡l ysdj lq[k dh lkuan egd mBrs gSaµ
ou] miou] fxfj] lkuq] oaqQt esa es?k cjl iM+rs gSaA
esjk vkRe&izy; gksrk gS] u;u uhj >M+rs gSaA
i<+ks ygj] rV] r`.k] r#] fxfj] uHk] fdju] tyn ij I;kjhA
fy[kh gqbZ ;g e/qj dgkuh fo'o&foeksgugkjhAA
dSlh e/qj euksgj mTToy gS ;g izse&dgkuhA
th esa gS v{kj cu blosQ cuw¡ fo'o dh ckuhA
fLFkj] ifo=k] vkuan&izokfgr] lnk 'kkafr lq[kdj gSA
vgk! izse dk jkT; ije lqanj] vfr'k; lqanj gSAA
vH;kl
dfork osQ lkFk
1- ifFkd dk eu dgk¡ fopjuk pkgrk gS\
2- lw;kZsn; o.kZu osQ fy, fdl rjg osQ fcacksa dk iz;ksx gqvk gS\
© NCERT
not to be republished
144/vkjksg
3- vk'k; Li"V djsa µ
(d)  lfLer&onu txr dk Lokeh e`nq xfr ls vkrk gSA
  rV ij [kM+k xxu&xaxk osQ e/qj xhr xkrk gSAA
([k)  dSlh e/qj euksgj mTToy gS ;g izse&dgkuhA
  th esa gS v{kj cu blds cuw¡ fo'o dh ckuhA
4- dfork esa dbZ LFkkuksa ij izo`Qfr dks euq"; osQ :i esa ns[kk x;k gSA ,sls mnkgj.kksa dk Hkko
Li"V djrs gq, fy[ksaA
dfork osQ vkl&ikl
1- leqnz dks ns[kdj vkiosQ eu esa D;k Hkko mBrs gSa\ yxHkx 200 'kCnksa esa fy[ksaA
2- isze lR; gS] lqanj gS&izse ds fofHk :iksa dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, bl fo"k; ij ifjppkZ djsaA
3- orZeku le; esa ge izo`Qfr ls nwj gksrs tk jgs gSaµ bl ij ppkZ djsa vkSj fy[ksa fd izÑfr
ls tqM+s jgus osQ fy, D;k dj ldrs gaSA
4- lkxj laca/h nl dforkvksa dk ladyu djsa vkSj iksLVj cuk,¡A
'kCn&Nfo
okfjn&ekyk & fxjrh gqbZ o"kkZ dh yfM+;k¡
jRukdj & lkxj
ey;kfuy & ey; ioZr (tgk¡ panu ou gS) ls vkus okyh 'khry] lqaxf/r
gok
d¡xwjk & xqacn] cq”kZ
vlokjh & lokjh
varfj{k & vkdk'k] /jrh vkSj vkdk'k ds chp dh [kqyh txg
lkuq & lery Hkwfe
vkRe&izy; & Lo;a dks Hkwy tkuk
fo'o&foeksgugkjh & lalkj dks eqX/ djus okyh
© NCERT
not to be republished
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FAQs on NCERT Textbook - Poem Ramnaresh Tripathi - Humanities/Arts

1. Who is the author of the poem "Ramnaresh Tripathi"?
Ans. The author of the poem "Ramnaresh Tripathi" is not mentioned in the given information. Therefore, the author's name is not known.
2. What is the subject of the poem "Ramnaresh Tripathi"?
Ans. The subject of the poem "Ramnaresh Tripathi" is not mentioned in the given information. Therefore, the subject of the poem is unknown.
3. Which textbook contains the poem "Ramnaresh Tripathi"?
Ans. The poem "Ramnaresh Tripathi" is mentioned to be in the NCERT textbook according to the given information.
4. Is the poem "Ramnaresh Tripathi" a part of the curriculum for exams?
Ans. The given information does not mention whether the poem "Ramnaresh Tripathi" is a part of the curriculum for exams. Therefore, it is unclear if it is included in any exams.
5. Can you provide a brief summary or analysis of the poem "Ramnaresh Tripathi"?
Ans. The given information does not provide any details about the content or theme of the poem "Ramnaresh Tripathi." Therefore, a summary or analysis of the poem cannot be provided based on the given information.
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