NCERT Textbook: Diary Likhne Ki Kala | Hindi Class 11 - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

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9
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4 Mk;jh ys[ku vkSj ge
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fdrkc osQ nks vkoj.k i`"Bksa osQ chp tks
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tks dqN og [kqn ugha Mkyrkµfuth laink
og gS!
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vki lHkh ifjfpr gksaxs] ftlosQ iUuksa ij
lky osQ 365 fnuksa dh frfFk;k¡ Øe ls
lth gksrh gSa vkSj gj frfFk osQ lkFk ,d ;k
vkèks i`"B dh [kkyh txg NksM+h tkrh gSA
;g [kkyh txg ml frfFk fo'ks"k osQ lkFk
lac¼ lwpukvksa ;k futh ckrksa dks ntZ
djus osQ fy, gksrh gSA elyu] vkusokys
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vkSj dk;Z&;kstuk,¡ mlesa fy[k dj NksM+h
tk ldrh gSa] rkfd Mk;jh ml frfFk osQ
vkus ij gesa gekjs ladYi dh ;kn fnyk
nsA blh rjg geus dHkh dksbZ ,slk dke
fd;k ;k fdlh ,sls vuqHko ls xq”kjs] ftls
ge ;kn j[kuk pkgrs gSa] rks mls Mk;jh esa
ml frfFk fo'ks"k osQ iUus ij ntZ fd;k tk
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og foLe`fr dk f'kdkj u gksA
Rationalised 2023-24
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128 128 128 128 128
9
Mk;jh fy[kus dh
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4 Mk;jh ys[ku vkSj ge
4 Mk;jh ys[ku vkSj Le`fr;k¡
4 oqQN fopkj fcanq
fdrkc osQ nks vkoj.k i`"Bksa osQ chp tks
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tks dqN og [kqn ugha Mkyrkµfuth laink
og gS!
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vejhdh i=kdkj
eksVs xÙks dh ftYn okyh ml uksVcqd ls
vki lHkh ifjfpr gksaxs] ftlosQ iUuksa ij
lky osQ 365 fnuksa dh frfFk;k¡ Øe ls
lth gksrh gSa vkSj gj frfFk osQ lkFk ,d ;k
vkèks i`"B dh [kkyh txg NksM+h tkrh gSA
;g [kkyh txg ml frfFk fo'ks"k osQ lkFk
lac¼ lwpukvksa ;k futh ckrksa dks ntZ
djus osQ fy, gksrh gSA elyu] vkusokys
fdlh [kkl fnu osQ fy, r;'kqnk nkf;Ro
vkSj dk;Z&;kstuk,¡ mlesa fy[k dj NksM+h
tk ldrh gSa] rkfd Mk;jh ml frfFk osQ
vkus ij gesa gekjs ladYi dh ;kn fnyk
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ge ;kn j[kuk pkgrs gSa] rks mls Mk;jh esa
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Rationalised 2023-24
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,oa miHkksx osQ fy, gksrk gSA gkyk¡fd ;g Hkh lp gS fd fiNys oqQN n'kdksa esa ,slk ys[ku
,d foèkk osQ :i esa ikBd&lekt osQ chp [kklk yksdfiz; gks pyk gSA fiNyh lnh dh
lokZfèkd i<+h xbZ IkqLrdksa esa ls ,d gS ,suh izSaQd uked ,d fd'kksjh dh iqLrdkdkj Nih gqbZ
Mk;jh] tks mlus 1942&44 osQ njE;ku ukth vR;kpkj osQ chp ,ELVMZe esa Nqi dj jgrs gq,
fy[kh FkhA ;g Mk;jh tc izdkf'kr gqbZ] rks mls ,d ,sfrgkfld nLrkos”k osQ lkFk&lkFk ,d
lkfgfR;d Ñfr osQ :i esa Hkh egÙoiw.kZ ekuk x;kA ;g rks eg”k ,d mnkgj.k gSA bl rjg
ppkZ esa vkusokyh dbZ lekuèkekZ Ñfr;k¡ jgh gSaA ¯gnh esa Hkh fiNys oqQN n'kdksa esa dbZ cM+s
jpukdkjksa dh Mk;fj;k¡ tSlsµeksgu jkosQ'k dh Mk;jh] jes'kpanz 'kkg dh Mk;jh vkfn Hkh fdrkc
dh 'kDy esa Ni pqdh gSa ftUgsa mudh futh f”kanxh rFkk muosQ nkSj esa >k¡dus osQ ,d uk;kc
fuea=k.k osQ rkSj ij cM+s pko ls i<+k x;k gSA ;k=kk&o`Ùkkar rks dkI
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lsB xksfoannkl dh lqnwj nf{k.k iwoZ] duZy lTtu flag dh yík[k ;k=kk dh Mk;jh]
MkW- j?kqoa'k dh gjh ?kkVh bR;kfn iqLrosaQ ;k=kk&Mk;jh gh gSaA mUuhloha lnh osQ ik¡pos n'kd esa
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lkfgfR;d leL;kvksa ls lacafèkr viuh mèksM+cqu dks mi;ksxh ikB cukus dk ,d vn~Hkqr iz;ksx
fd;k FkkA ledkyhu i=k&if=kdkvksa esa Hkh jpukdkjksa dh Mk;jh osQ va'k Nirs jgrs gSa] ftuesa
ikBdksa dks vdlj mèksM+&cqu dh 'kSyh esa izdV gksusokys oqQN mÙkstd fopkjfcanq] fdlh ;k=kk dk
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ukVd dh rjg ikBdksa osQ fy, fy[kh tkusokyh oqQN [kkl rjg dh jpukvksa dk foèkkxr uke gSA
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ge fdlh vkSj osQ fy, ugha] Lo;a vius fy, 'kCnc¼
djrs gSaA ,slk vo'; gks ldrk gS fd fdlh le; mudh
lkekftd&lkaLÑfrd mi;ksfxrk dk dksbZ igyw gekjs Åij mUgsa
Rationalised 2023-24
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128 128 128 128 128
9
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lth gksrh gSa vkSj gj frfFk osQ lkFk ,d ;k
vkèks i`"B dh [kkyh txg NksM+h tkrh gSA
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lac¼ lwpukvksa ;k futh ckrksa dks ntZ
djus osQ fy, gksrh gSA elyu] vkusokys
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vkSj dk;Z&;kstuk,¡ mlesa fy[k dj NksM+h
tk ldrh gSa] rkfd Mk;jh ml frfFk osQ
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nsA blh rjg geus dHkh dksbZ ,slk dke
fd;k ;k fdlh ,sls vuqHko ls xq”kjs] ftls
ge ;kn j[kuk pkgrs gSa] rks mls Mk;jh esa
ml frfFk fo'ks"k osQ iUus ij ntZ fd;k tk
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vuqHko dks fyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ lqjf{kr fBdkus
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Rationalised 2023-24
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lkekU;r% Mk;jh&ys[ku dh tc ppkZ gksrh gS] rks mldk vk'k; Mk;jh osQ blh nwljs
mi;ksx ls gksrk gSA fnuHkj vki ftu ?kVukvksa] xfrfofèk;ksa vkSj fopkjksa ls xq”kjrs jgs] mUgsa
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,oa miHkksx osQ fy, gksrk gSA gkyk¡fd ;g Hkh lp gS fd fiNys oqQN n'kdksa esa ,slk ys[ku
,d foèkk osQ :i esa ikBd&lekt osQ chp [kklk yksdfiz; gks pyk gSA fiNyh lnh dh
lokZfèkd i<+h xbZ IkqLrdksa esa ls ,d gS ,suh izSaQd uked ,d fd'kksjh dh iqLrdkdkj Nih gqbZ
Mk;jh] tks mlus 1942&44 osQ njE;ku ukth vR;kpkj osQ chp ,ELVMZe esa Nqi dj jgrs gq,
fy[kh FkhA ;g Mk;jh tc izdkf'kr gqbZ] rks mls ,d ,sfrgkfld nLrkos”k osQ lkFk&lkFk ,d
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ppkZ esa vkusokyh dbZ lekuèkekZ Ñfr;k¡ jgh gSaA ¯gnh esa Hkh fiNys oqQN n'kdksa esa dbZ cM+s
jpukdkjksa dh Mk;fj;k¡ tSlsµeksgu jkosQ'k dh Mk;jh] jes'kpanz 'kkg dh Mk;jh vkfn Hkh fdrkc
dh 'kDy esa Ni pqdh gSa ftUgsa mudh futh f”kanxh rFkk muosQ nkSj esa >k¡dus osQ ,d uk;kc
fuea=k.k osQ rkSj ij cM+s pko ls i<+k x;k gSA ;k=kk&o`Ùkkar rks dkI
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tkrs jgs gSaA jkeo`{k csuhiqjh dh iSjksa esa ia[k cka¡èk dj] jkgqy lkaÑR;k;u dh :l esa iPphl ekl]
lsB xksfoannkl dh lqnwj nf{k.k iwoZ] duZy lTtu flag dh yík[k ;k=kk dh Mk;jh]
MkW- j?kqoa'k dh gjh ?kkVh bR;kfn iqLrosaQ ;k=kk&Mk;jh gh gSaA mUuhloha lnh osQ ik¡pos n'kd esa
¯gnh osQ egku dfo vkSj fopkjd xtkuu ekèko eqfDrcksèk us ,d lkfgfR;d dh Mk;jh fy[k dj
lkfgfR;d leL;kvksa ls lacafèkr viuh mèksM+cqu dks mi;ksxh ikB cukus dk ,d vn~Hkqr iz;ksx
fd;k FkkA ledkyhu i=k&if=kdkvksa esa Hkh jpukdkjksa dh Mk;jh osQ va'k Nirs jgrs gSa] ftuesa
ikBdksa dks vdlj mèksM+&cqu dh 'kSyh esa izdV gksusokys oqQN mÙkstd fopkjfcanq] fdlh ;k=kk dk
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ysfdu bu lc ckrksa dk eryc ;g ugha fd Mk;jh lpeqp dgkuh] miU;kl] dfork ;k
ukVd dh rjg ikBdksa osQ fy, fy[kh tkusokyh oqQN [kkl rjg dh jpukvksa dk foèkkxr uke gSA
Mk;jh ml vFkZ esa lkfgfR;d foèkk ugha gS] Hkys gh og fdlh vkSj lkfgfR;d foèkk dh Ñfr dks
viuk :i mèkkj ns nsA elyu] fucaèk] dgkuh ;k miU;kl Mk;jh dh
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ge fdlh vkSj osQ fy, ugha] Lo;a vius fy, 'kCnc¼
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Rationalised 2023-24
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130
,suh izSaQd (1929&1945) teZuh esa iSnk gqbZ ,d ;gwnh yM+dh FkhA teZuh esa tc ukf”k;ksa dh
lÙkk dk;e gqbZ vkSj ;gwfn;ksa ij vR;kpkj 'kq: gq,] rks og ifjokj lesr ,ELVMZe pyh xbZA
fiQj uhnjySaM~l ij Hkh ukf”k;ksa dk dC”kk gqvk vkSj ;gwfn;ksa ij vR;kpkj dk nkSj ogk¡ Hkh 'kq:
gks x;kA ,slh fLFkfr esa tqykbZ] 1942 esa mldk ifjokj ,d nÝ
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jgus yxk] tgk¡ nks lky fcrkus osQ ckn os ukf”k;ksa dh idM+ esa vk x, vkSj mUgsa ;kruk&oSaQi
esa igq¡pk fn;k x;kA ;gk¡ iQjojh ;k ekpZ 1945 esa ,suh dh e`R;q gks xbZA ;gh ugha] mlosQ firk
dks NksM+ dj ifjokj dk dksbZ izk.kh thfor ugha cpkA f}rh; egk;q¼ lekIr gksus ij mlosQ
firk okil ,ELVMZe igq¡psA ogk¡ mUgksaus ,suh dh Mk;jh dh ryk'k dh vkSj la;ksx ls liQy
jgsA ;s Mk;jh ,suh dks mlosQ rsjgosa tUefnu ij feyh Fkh vkSj twu] 1942 ls vxLr] 1944
rd og mlesa viuh [kkl&[kkl ckrsa vkSj uk”kh vkrad osQ vuqHkoksa dks fy[krh jgh FkhA mlosQ
firk us eglwl fd;k fd ,suh dh Mk;jh bfrgkl osQ ml Hk;kog nkSj dk ,d vizfre nLrkos”k
gSA mUgksaus mls izdkf'kr djokus dh nkSM+&èkwi 'kq: dhA 1947 esa ewyr% Mp esa fy[kh xbZ ;g
Mk;jh vaxzs”kh esa ^n Mk;jh vkWIkQ v ;ax xyZ* osQ uke ls izdkf'kr gqbZA
;g chloha lnh dh lokZfèkd i<+h xbZ iqLrdksa esa ls gSA dbZ txg bls ikB~;Øe esa Hkh j[kk
x;k gSA bY;k bgjucqxZ us ,d okD; esa bl iqLrd dh lcls cM+h fo'ks"krk dks js[kkafdr fd;k
gSµ¶;g lkB yk[k yksxksa dh rjI
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lar ;k dfo dh ugha] cfYd ,d lkèkkj.k yM+dh dh gSA¸
130
Rationalised 2023-24
Page 4


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128 128 128 128 128
9
Mk;jh fy[kus dh
dyk
bl ikB esa---
4 D;k gS Mk;jh\
4 bfrgkl osQ vkbZus esa Mk;jh
4 Mk;jh ys[ku vkSj ge
4 Mk;jh ys[ku vkSj Le`fr;k¡
4 oqQN fopkj fcanq
fdrkc osQ nks vkoj.k i`"Bksa osQ chp tks
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tks dqN og [kqn ugha Mkyrkµfuth laink
og gS!
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vejhdh i=kdkj
eksVs xÙks dh ftYn okyh ml uksVcqd ls
vki lHkh ifjfpr gksaxs] ftlosQ iUuksa ij
lky osQ 365 fnuksa dh frfFk;k¡ Øe ls
lth gksrh gSa vkSj gj frfFk osQ lkFk ,d ;k
vkèks i`"B dh [kkyh txg NksM+h tkrh gSA
;g [kkyh txg ml frfFk fo'ks"k osQ lkFk
lac¼ lwpukvksa ;k futh ckrksa dks ntZ
djus osQ fy, gksrh gSA elyu] vkusokys
fdlh [kkl fnu osQ fy, r;'kqnk nkf;Ro
vkSj dk;Z&;kstuk,¡ mlesa fy[k dj NksM+h
tk ldrh gSa] rkfd Mk;jh ml frfFk osQ
vkus ij gesa gekjs ladYi dh ;kn fnyk
nsA blh rjg geus dHkh dksbZ ,slk dke
fd;k ;k fdlh ,sls vuqHko ls xq”kjs] ftls
ge ;kn j[kuk pkgrs gSa] rks mls Mk;jh esa
ml frfFk fo'ks"k osQ iUus ij ntZ fd;k tk
ldrk gSA ,slk djosQ ge vius dke ;k
vuqHko dks fyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ lqjf{kr fBdkus
ij igq¡pk nsrs gSa vkSj lqfuf'pr djrs gSa fd
og foLe`fr dk f'kdkj u gksA
Rationalised 2023-24
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Mk;jh fy[kus dh dyk
lkekU;r% Mk;jh&ys[ku dh tc ppkZ gksrh gS] rks mldk vk'k; Mk;jh osQ blh nwljs
mi;ksx ls gksrk gSA fnuHkj vki ftu ?kVukvksa] xfrfofèk;ksa vkSj fopkjksa ls xq”kjrs jgs] mUgsa
Mk;jh osQ i`"Bksa ij 'kCnc¼ djuk gh Mk;jh&ys[ku gSA ;g ys[ku ewyr% vkiosQ vius mi;ksx
,oa miHkksx osQ fy, gksrk gSA gkyk¡fd ;g Hkh lp gS fd fiNys oqQN n'kdksa esa ,slk ys[ku
,d foèkk osQ :i esa ikBd&lekt osQ chp [kklk yksdfiz; gks pyk gSA fiNyh lnh dh
lokZfèkd i<+h xbZ IkqLrdksa esa ls ,d gS ,suh izSaQd uked ,d fd'kksjh dh iqLrdkdkj Nih gqbZ
Mk;jh] tks mlus 1942&44 osQ njE;ku ukth vR;kpkj osQ chp ,ELVMZe esa Nqi dj jgrs gq,
fy[kh FkhA ;g Mk;jh tc izdkf'kr gqbZ] rks mls ,d ,sfrgkfld nLrkos”k osQ lkFk&lkFk ,d
lkfgfR;d Ñfr osQ :i esa Hkh egÙoiw.kZ ekuk x;kA ;g rks eg”k ,d mnkgj.k gSA bl rjg
ppkZ esa vkusokyh dbZ lekuèkekZ Ñfr;k¡ jgh gSaA ¯gnh esa Hkh fiNys oqQN n'kdksa esa dbZ cM+s
jpukdkjksa dh Mk;fj;k¡ tSlsµeksgu jkosQ'k dh Mk;jh] jes'kpanz 'kkg dh Mk;jh vkfn Hkh fdrkc
dh 'kDy esa Ni pqdh gSa ftUgsa mudh futh f”kanxh rFkk muosQ nkSj esa >k¡dus osQ ,d uk;kc
fuea=k.k osQ rkSj ij cM+s pko ls i<+k x;k gSA ;k=kk&o`Ùkkar rks dkI
+
kQh igys ls Mk;jh osQ :i esa fy[ks
tkrs jgs gSaA jkeo`{k csuhiqjh dh iSjksa esa ia[k cka¡èk dj] jkgqy lkaÑR;k;u dh :l esa iPphl ekl]
lsB xksfoannkl dh lqnwj nf{k.k iwoZ] duZy lTtu flag dh yík[k ;k=kk dh Mk;jh]
MkW- j?kqoa'k dh gjh ?kkVh bR;kfn iqLrosaQ ;k=kk&Mk;jh gh gSaA mUuhloha lnh osQ ik¡pos n'kd esa
¯gnh osQ egku dfo vkSj fopkjd xtkuu ekèko eqfDrcksèk us ,d lkfgfR;d dh Mk;jh fy[k dj
lkfgfR;d leL;kvksa ls lacafèkr viuh mèksM+cqu dks mi;ksxh ikB cukus dk ,d vn~Hkqr iz;ksx
fd;k FkkA ledkyhu i=k&if=kdkvksa esa Hkh jpukdkjksa dh Mk;jh osQ va'k Nirs jgrs gSa] ftuesa
ikBdksa dks vdlj mèksM+&cqu dh 'kSyh esa izdV gksusokys oqQN mÙkstd fopkjfcanq] fdlh ;k=kk dk
o`Ùkkar ;k fiQj lkfgR;&txr dh pViVh [kcjsa i<+us dks fey tkrh gSaA
ysfdu bu lc ckrksa dk eryc ;g ugha fd Mk;jh lpeqp dgkuh] miU;kl] dfork ;k
ukVd dh rjg ikBdksa osQ fy, fy[kh tkusokyh oqQN [kkl rjg dh jpukvksa dk foèkkxr uke gSA
Mk;jh ml vFkZ esa lkfgfR;d foèkk ugha gS] Hkys gh og fdlh vkSj lkfgfR;d foèkk dh Ñfr dks
viuk :i mèkkj ns nsA elyu] fucaèk] dgkuh ;k miU;kl Mk;jh dh
'kDy esa fy[ks tk ldrs gSa] ysfdu ogk¡ Mk;jh dk flI
+
kZQ
^:i* gksxkA varjoLrq osQ fygk”k ls mls Mk;jh ugha dgk tk
ldrkA
rks fiQj Mk;jh lpeqp esa D;k gS\ ge dg ldrs gSa fd
og furkar futh Lrj ij ?kfVr ?kVukvksa vkSj rRlacaèkh
ckSf¼d&HkkoukRed izfrfØ;kvksa dk ys[kk&tks[kk gSA bUgsa
ge fdlh vkSj osQ fy, ugha] Lo;a vius fy, 'kCnc¼
djrs gSaA ,slk vo'; gks ldrk gS fd fdlh le; mudh
lkekftd&lkaLÑfrd mi;ksfxrk dk dksbZ igyw gekjs Åij mUgsa
Rationalised 2023-24
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130
,suh izSaQd (1929&1945) teZuh esa iSnk gqbZ ,d ;gwnh yM+dh FkhA teZuh esa tc ukf”k;ksa dh
lÙkk dk;e gqbZ vkSj ;gwfn;ksa ij vR;kpkj 'kq: gq,] rks og ifjokj lesr ,ELVMZe pyh xbZA
fiQj uhnjySaM~l ij Hkh ukf”k;ksa dk dC”kk gqvk vkSj ;gwfn;ksa ij vR;kpkj dk nkSj ogk¡ Hkh 'kq:
gks x;kA ,slh fLFkfr esa tqykbZ] 1942 esa mldk ifjokj ,d nÝ
+
rj osQ xqIr dejs esa Nqi dj
jgus yxk] tgk¡ nks lky fcrkus osQ ckn os ukf”k;ksa dh idM+ esa vk x, vkSj mUgsa ;kruk&oSaQi
esa igq¡pk fn;k x;kA ;gk¡ iQjojh ;k ekpZ 1945 esa ,suh dh e`R;q gks xbZA ;gh ugha] mlosQ firk
dks NksM+ dj ifjokj dk dksbZ izk.kh thfor ugha cpkA f}rh; egk;q¼ lekIr gksus ij mlosQ
firk okil ,ELVMZe igq¡psA ogk¡ mUgksaus ,suh dh Mk;jh dh ryk'k dh vkSj la;ksx ls liQy
jgsA ;s Mk;jh ,suh dks mlosQ rsjgosa tUefnu ij feyh Fkh vkSj twu] 1942 ls vxLr] 1944
rd og mlesa viuh [kkl&[kkl ckrsa vkSj uk”kh vkrad osQ vuqHkoksa dks fy[krh jgh FkhA mlosQ
firk us eglwl fd;k fd ,suh dh Mk;jh bfrgkl osQ ml Hk;kog nkSj dk ,d vizfre nLrkos”k
gSA mUgksaus mls izdkf'kr djokus dh nkSM+&èkwi 'kq: dhA 1947 esa ewyr% Mp esa fy[kh xbZ ;g
Mk;jh vaxzs”kh esa ^n Mk;jh vkWIkQ v ;ax xyZ* osQ uke ls izdkf'kr gqbZA
;g chloha lnh dh lokZfèkd i<+h xbZ iqLrdksa esa ls gSA dbZ txg bls ikB~;Øe esa Hkh j[kk
x;k gSA bY;k bgjucqxZ us ,d okD; esa bl iqLrd dh lcls cM+h fo'ks"krk dks js[kkafdr fd;k
gSµ¶;g lkB yk[k yksxksa dh rjI
+
kQ ls cksyus okyh ,d vkok”k gSµ,d ,slh vkok”k] tks fdlh
lar ;k dfo dh ugha] cfYd ,d lkèkkj.k yM+dh dh gSA¸
130
Rationalised 2023-24
1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 131
Mk;jh fy[kus dh dyk
lkoZtfud dj nsus dk ncko cuk,A ysfdu bldk eryc ;g ugha fd og lkoZtfud fd,
tkus osQ fy, gh fy[kh tkrh gSA 'kq¼ ys[ku osQ Lrj ij ns[ksa] rks og viuk gh varjax lk{kkRdkj
gS vius gh lkFk LFkkfir gksusokyk laokn gSµ,d ,slk lk{kkRdkj vkSj laokn] ftlesa ge lHkh
rjg dh otZukvksa ls eqDr gksrs gSaA ftu ckrksa dks ge nqfu;k esa fdlh vkSj O;fDr osQ lkeus
ugha dg ldrs] mUgsa Hkh Mk;jh osQ iUuksa ij 'kCnc¼ djosQ [kqn dks lquk Mkyrs gSaA ,slk djosQ
ge igys [kqn dks csgrj rjhosQ ls le> ikrs gSa] nwljs vius vanj vutkus bd_k gksrs Hkkj ls
eqDr gksrs gSa vkSj foLe`fr osQ vaèksjs esa [kksrs vius gh O;fDrÙo osQ igyqvksa dks bl rjg fjdkWMZ
dj ysrs gSa fd mUgsa iyV dj dHkh Hkh Nqvk tk ldrk gSA
ysfdu ,slk ugha gS fd Mk;jh flI
+
kZQ ,sls gh futh lR;ksa dks 'kCn nsus dk ”kfj;k gks] ftudh
fdlh vkSj :i esa vfHkO;fDr o£tr gSA og ,d rjg dk O;fDrxr nLrkos”k Hkh gS] ftlesa
vius thou osQ [kkl {k.kksa] fdlh le; fo'ks"k esa eu osQ vanj dkSaèk tkusokys fopkjksa] ;knxkj
eqykdkrksa vkSj cgl&eqckfglksa dks ge ntZ dj ysrs gSaA viuh dbZ rjg dh Le`fr;ksa dks ge
oSQejs dh enn ls Hkh fjdkWMZ djrs gSa] ij [kqn viuk ikB rS;kj djuk vkSj tks oqQN ?kfVr gqvk]
mldh dgkuh dguk ,d ,slk rjhdk gS] tks gesa vkusokys fnuksa esa mu yEgksa dks nqckjk thus dk
ekSdk nsrk gSA vkt dh rs”k jÝ
+
rkj f”kanxh esa ;g rjhdk lpeqp uk;kc gSA f”kanxh dh rs”k jÝ
+
rkj
esa bl ckr dh vk'kadk ges'kk cuh jgrh gS fd lrgh vkSj I
+
kQkSjh fdLe dh fparkvksa osQ vuojr
geyksa osQ chp xgjs vk'k; okyh ?kVukvksa vkSj oSpkfjd mÙkstukvksa dks ge Hkwy tk,¡A Mk;jh gesa
Hkwyus ls cpkrh gSA ;k=kkvksa osQ nkSjku Mk;jh fy[kuk rks cgqr gh mi;ksxh lkfcr gksrk gSA ,d yacs
lI
+
kQj dk o`Ùkkar vxj vki lI
+
kQj ls ykSV dj fy[kuk pkgsa] rks 'kk;n iwjs vuqHko dk nks&frgkbZ
fgLlk gh cp&cpk dj 'kCnksa esa mrj ik,xk] ysfdu vxj vkius lI
+
kQj osQ njE;ku izfrfnu viuh
Mk;jh fy[kh gS] rks vius rtqcsZ dks yxHkx eqdEey rkSj ij nqgjk ikuk vkiosQ fy, laHko gksxkA
Mk;jh fy[kuk vius lkFk ,d vPNh nksLrh dk;e djus dk csgrjhu ”kfj;k gSA vxj vki
Hkh [kqn vius lkFk vPNh nksLrh xk¡Buk pkgrs gSa] rks bu [kkl&[kkl ckrksa dks è;ku esa j[ksaµ
4 Mk;jh ;k rks fdlh uksVcqd esa ;k iqjkus lky dh Mk;jh esa fy[kh tkuh pkfg,A iqjkus lky
dh Mk;jh esa igys dh iM+h gqbZ frfFk;ksa dh txg vius gkFk ls frfFk MkysaA ;g lq>ko
blfy, fn;k tk jgk gS fd vki dgha ekStwnk lky dh Mk;jh esa frfFk;ksa osQ vuqlkj cus
gq, lhfer LFkku ls vius dks caèkk gqvk u eglwl djsaA ,slk Hkh gks ldrk gS fd ge fdlh
fnu nks&rhu iafDr;k¡ gh fy[kuk pkgsa vkSj fdlh fnu gekjh ckr ik¡p iUuksa esa iwjh gksA dgk
Hkh x;k gS] lHkh fnu ,d leku ugha gksrsA ,ssls esa Mk;jh dk fdlh fuf'pr frfFk osQ lkFk
fn;k x;k lhfer LFkku gekjs fy, caèku cu tk,xkA blhfy, uksVcqd ;k iqjkus lky dh
Mk;jh vfèkd mi;ksxh lkfcr gks ldrh gSA mlesa viuh lqfoèkk osQ vqulkj frfFk;k¡ Mkyh
tk ldrh gSa vkSj LFkku dk mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA
4 ys[ku djrs gq, vki Lo;a r; djsa fd vki D;k lksprs gSa vkSj [kqn dks D;k dguk pkgrs
gSaA ;g r; djrs gq, vkidks ;FkklaHko lHkh rjg osQ ckgjh nckoksa ls eqDr gksuk pkfg,A
viuh fnuHkj dh ?kVukvksa] eqykdkrksa] [k;kykrksa bR;kfn esa ls dkSu&dkSu lh vkidks ntZ
Rationalised 2023-24
Page 5


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12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 vfHkO;fDr vkSj ekè;e
128 128 128 128 128
9
Mk;jh fy[kus dh
dyk
bl ikB esa---
4 D;k gS Mk;jh\
4 bfrgkl osQ vkbZus esa Mk;jh
4 Mk;jh ys[ku vkSj ge
4 Mk;jh ys[ku vkSj Le`fr;k¡
4 oqQN fopkj fcanq
fdrkc osQ nks vkoj.k i`"Bksa osQ chp tks
ys[kd Mkyrk gSµog yksd dh laink gSA
tks dqN og [kqn ugha Mkyrkµfuth laink
og gS!
&xsy gSfeYVu
vejhdh i=kdkj
eksVs xÙks dh ftYn okyh ml uksVcqd ls
vki lHkh ifjfpr gksaxs] ftlosQ iUuksa ij
lky osQ 365 fnuksa dh frfFk;k¡ Øe ls
lth gksrh gSa vkSj gj frfFk osQ lkFk ,d ;k
vkèks i`"B dh [kkyh txg NksM+h tkrh gSA
;g [kkyh txg ml frfFk fo'ks"k osQ lkFk
lac¼ lwpukvksa ;k futh ckrksa dks ntZ
djus osQ fy, gksrh gSA elyu] vkusokys
fdlh [kkl fnu osQ fy, r;'kqnk nkf;Ro
vkSj dk;Z&;kstuk,¡ mlesa fy[k dj NksM+h
tk ldrh gSa] rkfd Mk;jh ml frfFk osQ
vkus ij gesa gekjs ladYi dh ;kn fnyk
nsA blh rjg geus dHkh dksbZ ,slk dke
fd;k ;k fdlh ,sls vuqHko ls xq”kjs] ftls
ge ;kn j[kuk pkgrs gSa] rks mls Mk;jh esa
ml frfFk fo'ks"k osQ iUus ij ntZ fd;k tk
ldrk gSA ,slk djosQ ge vius dke ;k
vuqHko dks fyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ lqjf{kr fBdkus
ij igq¡pk nsrs gSa vkSj lqfuf'pr djrs gSa fd
og foLe`fr dk f'kdkj u gksA
Rationalised 2023-24
1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 129
Mk;jh fy[kus dh dyk
lkekU;r% Mk;jh&ys[ku dh tc ppkZ gksrh gS] rks mldk vk'k; Mk;jh osQ blh nwljs
mi;ksx ls gksrk gSA fnuHkj vki ftu ?kVukvksa] xfrfofèk;ksa vkSj fopkjksa ls xq”kjrs jgs] mUgsa
Mk;jh osQ i`"Bksa ij 'kCnc¼ djuk gh Mk;jh&ys[ku gSA ;g ys[ku ewyr% vkiosQ vius mi;ksx
,oa miHkksx osQ fy, gksrk gSA gkyk¡fd ;g Hkh lp gS fd fiNys oqQN n'kdksa esa ,slk ys[ku
,d foèkk osQ :i esa ikBd&lekt osQ chp [kklk yksdfiz; gks pyk gSA fiNyh lnh dh
lokZfèkd i<+h xbZ IkqLrdksa esa ls ,d gS ,suh izSaQd uked ,d fd'kksjh dh iqLrdkdkj Nih gqbZ
Mk;jh] tks mlus 1942&44 osQ njE;ku ukth vR;kpkj osQ chp ,ELVMZe esa Nqi dj jgrs gq,
fy[kh FkhA ;g Mk;jh tc izdkf'kr gqbZ] rks mls ,d ,sfrgkfld nLrkos”k osQ lkFk&lkFk ,d
lkfgfR;d Ñfr osQ :i esa Hkh egÙoiw.kZ ekuk x;kA ;g rks eg”k ,d mnkgj.k gSA bl rjg
ppkZ esa vkusokyh dbZ lekuèkekZ Ñfr;k¡ jgh gSaA ¯gnh esa Hkh fiNys oqQN n'kdksa esa dbZ cM+s
jpukdkjksa dh Mk;fj;k¡ tSlsµeksgu jkosQ'k dh Mk;jh] jes'kpanz 'kkg dh Mk;jh vkfn Hkh fdrkc
dh 'kDy esa Ni pqdh gSa ftUgsa mudh futh f”kanxh rFkk muosQ nkSj esa >k¡dus osQ ,d uk;kc
fuea=k.k osQ rkSj ij cM+s pko ls i<+k x;k gSA ;k=kk&o`Ùkkar rks dkI
+
kQh igys ls Mk;jh osQ :i esa fy[ks
tkrs jgs gSaA jkeo`{k csuhiqjh dh iSjksa esa ia[k cka¡èk dj] jkgqy lkaÑR;k;u dh :l esa iPphl ekl]
lsB xksfoannkl dh lqnwj nf{k.k iwoZ] duZy lTtu flag dh yík[k ;k=kk dh Mk;jh]
MkW- j?kqoa'k dh gjh ?kkVh bR;kfn iqLrosaQ ;k=kk&Mk;jh gh gSaA mUuhloha lnh osQ ik¡pos n'kd esa
¯gnh osQ egku dfo vkSj fopkjd xtkuu ekèko eqfDrcksèk us ,d lkfgfR;d dh Mk;jh fy[k dj
lkfgfR;d leL;kvksa ls lacafèkr viuh mèksM+cqu dks mi;ksxh ikB cukus dk ,d vn~Hkqr iz;ksx
fd;k FkkA ledkyhu i=k&if=kdkvksa esa Hkh jpukdkjksa dh Mk;jh osQ va'k Nirs jgrs gSa] ftuesa
ikBdksa dks vdlj mèksM+&cqu dh 'kSyh esa izdV gksusokys oqQN mÙkstd fopkjfcanq] fdlh ;k=kk dk
o`Ùkkar ;k fiQj lkfgR;&txr dh pViVh [kcjsa i<+us dks fey tkrh gSaA
ysfdu bu lc ckrksa dk eryc ;g ugha fd Mk;jh lpeqp dgkuh] miU;kl] dfork ;k
ukVd dh rjg ikBdksa osQ fy, fy[kh tkusokyh oqQN [kkl rjg dh jpukvksa dk foèkkxr uke gSA
Mk;jh ml vFkZ esa lkfgfR;d foèkk ugha gS] Hkys gh og fdlh vkSj lkfgfR;d foèkk dh Ñfr dks
viuk :i mèkkj ns nsA elyu] fucaèk] dgkuh ;k miU;kl Mk;jh dh
'kDy esa fy[ks tk ldrs gSa] ysfdu ogk¡ Mk;jh dk flI
+
kZQ
^:i* gksxkA varjoLrq osQ fygk”k ls mls Mk;jh ugha dgk tk
ldrkA
rks fiQj Mk;jh lpeqp esa D;k gS\ ge dg ldrs gSa fd
og furkar futh Lrj ij ?kfVr ?kVukvksa vkSj rRlacaèkh
ckSf¼d&HkkoukRed izfrfØ;kvksa dk ys[kk&tks[kk gSA bUgsa
ge fdlh vkSj osQ fy, ugha] Lo;a vius fy, 'kCnc¼
djrs gSaA ,slk vo'; gks ldrk gS fd fdlh le; mudh
lkekftd&lkaLÑfrd mi;ksfxrk dk dksbZ igyw gekjs Åij mUgsa
Rationalised 2023-24
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130
,suh izSaQd (1929&1945) teZuh esa iSnk gqbZ ,d ;gwnh yM+dh FkhA teZuh esa tc ukf”k;ksa dh
lÙkk dk;e gqbZ vkSj ;gwfn;ksa ij vR;kpkj 'kq: gq,] rks og ifjokj lesr ,ELVMZe pyh xbZA
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gks x;kA ,slh fLFkfr esa tqykbZ] 1942 esa mldk ifjokj ,d nÝ
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esa igq¡pk fn;k x;kA ;gk¡ iQjojh ;k ekpZ 1945 esa ,suh dh e`R;q gks xbZA ;gh ugha] mlosQ firk
dks NksM+ dj ifjokj dk dksbZ izk.kh thfor ugha cpkA f}rh; egk;q¼ lekIr gksus ij mlosQ
firk okil ,ELVMZe igq¡psA ogk¡ mUgksaus ,suh dh Mk;jh dh ryk'k dh vkSj la;ksx ls liQy
jgsA ;s Mk;jh ,suh dks mlosQ rsjgosa tUefnu ij feyh Fkh vkSj twu] 1942 ls vxLr] 1944
rd og mlesa viuh [kkl&[kkl ckrsa vkSj uk”kh vkrad osQ vuqHkoksa dks fy[krh jgh FkhA mlosQ
firk us eglwl fd;k fd ,suh dh Mk;jh bfrgkl osQ ml Hk;kog nkSj dk ,d vizfre nLrkos”k
gSA mUgksaus mls izdkf'kr djokus dh nkSM+&èkwi 'kq: dhA 1947 esa ewyr% Mp esa fy[kh xbZ ;g
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130
Rationalised 2023-24
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Rationalised 2023-24
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132
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;g fopkj dj ysus osQ ckn gh mUgsa 'kCnc¼ djus dh vksj c<+saA
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vkSj osQ }kjk i<+h ugha tk,xhA vxj vki fdlh vkSj dks i<+okus dh ckr lksp dj Mk;jh
fy[krs gSa] rks mldk vkidh ys[ku&'kSyh] fo"k;&oLrq osQ p;u vkSj ckrksa osQ csckdiu ij
iwjk vlj iM+sxkA blfy, ;g ekurs gq, Mk;jh fy[ksa fd mldk ikBd vkiosQ vykok dksbZ
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ldrk gSA Mk;jh&ys[ku esa bl le>kSrk ijLrh osQ fy, dksbZ txg ugha gSA Mk;jh dk
Mk;jhiu blh esa gS fd vki tks oqQN ntZ djuk pkgrs gSa vkSj ftl rjhosQ ls ntZ djuk
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fdruk lèk ikrk gS] bldh fpark u djsaA vkiosQ vanj osQ LokHkkfod osx ls 'kSyh tks :i
xzg.k djrh gS] ogh Mk;jh dh mfpr 'kSyh gSA
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ys[kk&tks[kk gksus osQ lkFk&lkFk] vkiosQ eu osQ vkbZus esa vkiosQ nkSj dk vDl Hkh gSA vki
vius ftu vuqHkoksa dks ogk¡ ntZ djrs gSa] muesa vkidh u”kj ls ns[kk&ij[kk x;k ledkyhu
bfrgkl fdlh&u&fdlh ek=kk esa ekStwn jgrk gSA Mk;jh fy[krs gq, vxj ;g ckr gekjs ”ksgu
esa jgs] rks vius dke osQ egÙo dks ysdj ge vfèkd vk'oLr gks ldrs gSaA
rks vkb,] bu ckrksa dks eísu”kj j[krs gq, ge vius jks”k osQ dkeksa osQ chp FkksM+k&lk
le; Mk;jh fy[kus osQ fy,] ;kuh [kqn dks viuk gkypky crkus osQ fy, lqjf{kr djsa!
vH;kl
ikB ls laokn
1- fuEufyf[kr esa ls rhu voljksa dh Mk;jh fyf[k,µ
(d) vkt vkius igyh ckj ukVd esa Hkkx fy;kA
([k) fiz; fe=k ls >xM+k gks x;kA
(x) ijh{kk esa vkidks loksZÙke vad feys gSaA
(?k) ijh{kk esa vki vuqÙkh.kZ gks x, gSaA
(Ä) lM+d ij jksrk gqvk 10 o"khZ; cPpk feykA
(p) dksbZ ,slk fnu ftldh vki Mk;jh fy[kuk pkgrs gSaA
Rationalised 2023-24