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1. What are the mechanical properties of fluids?
Ans. The mechanical properties of fluids refer to the physical characteristics and behavior of fluids under external forces. These properties include viscosity, density, surface tension, compressibility, and elasticity.
2. What is viscosity and how does it affect fluid flow?
Ans. Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. It describes the internal friction between fluid layers as they move past each other. High viscosity fluids, such as honey, flow slowly, while low viscosity fluids, like water, flow quickly. Viscosity affects fluid flow by influencing the rate at which the fluid moves and the resistance it encounters.
3. How does density impact the buoyancy of objects in fluids?
Ans. Density is the measure of how much mass is contained in a given volume of a substance. It plays a crucial role in determining the buoyancy of objects in fluids. According to Archimedes' principle, an object immersed in a fluid experiences an upward buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. If the object's density is lower than that of the fluid, it will float. If the object's density is higher, it will sink.
4. What is surface tension and how does it affect the behavior of liquids?
Ans. Surface tension is the property of a liquid that causes its surface to behave like an elastic sheet. It is caused by intermolecular forces between the liquid molecules. Surface tension allows liquids to form drops, hold together in a spherical shape, and exhibit capillary action. It affects the behavior of liquids by influencing their ability to spread, wet surfaces, and form menisci in narrow tubes.
5. How does compressibility differ between liquids and gases?
Ans. Compressibility is a measure of how much a fluid's volume changes under the application of external pressure. Liquids, such as water, are considered to be nearly incompressible because their volume changes only slightly with pressure. In contrast, gases are highly compressible as their volume can change significantly with pressure variations. This difference is due to the spacing and arrangement of molecules in liquids and gases.
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