Human Resources (Overview) Video Lecture | Geography for Class 8

hi welcome to class 8 geography
resources and development chapter 6
human resources so here is the brief
content as to what we will be reading in
this chapter so just go through it so
let's begin what is human resource when
a human is regarded as a significant
asset in terms of skills and abilities
that is called human resource now to
preserve that skills and abilities human
need to be healthy educated and
motivated people develop resources as
per their requirements I mean you have
the right to become whatever you want to
but the foundation of your becoming is
primarily based on health education and
motivation if you're healthy and you
receive the right education and you are
positively motivated then you are
considered as a human resource human
resources are not equally distributed
around the globe they differ in the
educational level age and sex now this
is pretty evident if you see the average
age of an Indian is 28 years China is at
37 USA is at 36 and Japan is at 48 it
clearly means that the age of the
working population is a lot different
than ours and that will also bring
differences in experience and
productivity and ultimately that can
determine nations economic growth the
second topic is distribution of
population so the way in which people
are spread across the Earth's surface is
known as the pattern of population
distribution the word patterns refer to
the way people are distributed around
the world it is totally uneven that is
there is no set amount of people same in
two places so if you see there are a lot
of places which are very crowded and
then there are places which is partly
populated which means very less people
stay there so mostly the crowded areas
are South and Southeast Asia Europe
northeastern North America and now the
factual thing is that more people live
in north of the equator than south of
the equator so if you see there are not
many countries which are below the
equator countries such as Chile
Argentina South Africa Australia Brazil
Namibia Botswana Mozambique and
Madagascar if you combined the
population of these countries they are
not more than the population of the
countries that are above the equator
line and if you look at this diagram you
can see most populated countries in the
world so China leads the way followed by
India USA so you just have to remember
first three or four and maybe you know
at the end you can just remember Russia
and Japan because these are some
developed nations so just just have a
look at this you don't have
remember everything and the third topic
is density of population population
density is the number of people living
in a unit area of the Earth's surface
I'll explain it in simpler sense
population density is always expressed
in per square kilometer or kilometer
square both are same consider a distance
between A to B as one kilometer the
total number of people staying in this
one kilometer piece of land is called as
population density now the next question
that comes in your mind is how do we
calculate the density of population the
most common ways to divide the total
population of an area by the total land
area population count is collected from
census and land area is collected from
local miscibility and then you can
divide both of them to get the
population density south central asia'
followed by east and southeast asia has
the highest density of population so
these are the South Central Asian
countries in case you didn't know just
have a look at them and then these are
East Asian countries and finally we have
Southeast Asian countries so you see
it's pretty evident that in this entire
region we have two of the world's most
populated country that is India and
China so by including all other small
nations you can pretty much figure out
that the maximum density of the human
population on planet earth is located in
this region and the fourth topic is
factors affecting distribution of
population so there are two major
factors that affect the distribution of
population they are geographical factor
and social cultural and economic factor
so let's read briefly about each of
these sub factors topography it means
physical feature of Earth's surface in
mountains agriculture is difficult
because of the terrain similarly Plains
are ideal for human establishment and
setting up businesses so this is the
importance of topography climate every
individual has its own preference when
it comes to the place of residing and
most of the time they adapt to that
place usually people avoid extreme
climates that are very hot or very cold
like Sahara Desert polar regions of
Russia Canada and Antarctica that's why
you'll see the population of these
places are also very less soil since
more than 50% of the world population is
dependent on agriculture and agriculture
is perfect near Plains where the soil is
rich and Plains are formed by running
rivers so you see there is a connection
water fresh water level is high near
river valleys and it is no surprise that
people prefer where water is plenty
minerals places that are rich in
minerals will have industries located
near to the
hence whether is industries you will
need manpower for work
hence employment and that would lead to
human settlement now coming to the
socio-cultural and economic factors
social factor is a predominant factor
today you see the land house property
value is determined by the development
of the nearby area if you have public
facilities like hospitals schools malls
human settlement increases near that
area cultural factor attracts tourists
and tourism industry provides employment
opportunity no wonder this is also a
crucial factor last is the economic
factor it is the byproduct of one of the
geographical factor that is availability
of minerals places that are rich in
minerals will have industries located
near to the resource hence where there
is industries you will need manpower for
work and employment and that would lead
to revenue generation and economic
development and the fifth topic is
population change the population change
refers to change in the number of people
during a specific time I'll explain this
entire paragraph in a simple animated
story form if you prefer reading you can
pause to read world population is not
stable its increasing when we say not
stable it is actually due to change in
the number of births and deaths
till 1800 population grew slowly large
number of babies were born but they died
early because of no proper health
facilities though hospitals were there
since seventh century but no proper
vaccines were discovered which could
prevent infant mortality sufficient food
was not available farmers were not able
to produce enough to meet the food
requirements of all the people as a
result the total increase in population
was very low in 1820 the world's
population reached 1 billion 150 years
later in the early 1970s the world's
population reached 3 billion this is
often called population explosion in
1999 less than 30 years later the
population doubled to 6 billion the main
reason for this growth was that with
better food supplies and medicines
deaths for reducing while the number of
births still remained fairly high we
measure births by using birth rate what
is birth rate it is the number of live
births per thousand people so remember
always divided by thousand and deaths
are usually measured by death rate again
you have to divide by thousand people
number of deaths by thousand people now
this term migration it is the movement
of the people in and out of an area
so remember that moment when you have to
go to college from school or switch
between to college you have to have a
migration certificate so that
certificate keeps a track of the
movement of students in and out of an
institution so what causes the
population to change it is the number of
births and deaths that happen because
population is nothing but people with no
people there will be no populations so
if we know the number of births as well
as the deaths we can easily determine
what the population is and hence the
difference between the birth rate and
the death rate of a country is called
the natural growth rate migration is
another way by which population size
changes obviously when people move from
one place to another the place that the
people move to there the population will
increase so people may move within a
country or between countries so here I
want you to understand these two terms
immigrants and immigrants so the
differences one having E and the other
having I I want you to look at this
picture and it will be pretty evident as
to what I mean
so emigrant means departure so you see
in both the term emigrant and departure
E is common so just remember in that way
if it is e then it has to do with
departure departure means leaving so
when you are leaving India and going to
abroad you an emigrant and then
immigrant on the other hand which is I
that means arrival that means coming so
when you leave India and go to abroad
when you arrive in the airport of the
respective country that you go to there
you will be treated as an immigrant so
emigrants are people who leave a country
and immigrants are those who arrive in a
country so you see United States of
America and Australia have gained a lot
of immigrants because a lot of people go
to developed nation to work or improve
their life and on the other hand Sudan
is an example of a country so if you see
a lot of Sudanese in India are extremely
high so this was an example of
international migration so migration can
be domestic as well within a country in
a country like India a lot of people
move from rural to urban areas in search
of employment education and health
facilities and the next topic is
patterns of population change population
growth is not the same across the world
all the country doesn't have the same
population while the world's total
population is rising rapidly not all
countries are experiencing this growth
so one of a general reason why the
population increases is when you have a
high birthrate and low death rate so if
you see in a country like Kenya its
population growth is very high
they have both high birth rate and death
rate but then with the improvement of
healthcare death rates are decreasing
birth rates still remain high leading to
high growth rate so you see the change
so you see the connection over here on
the other hand there are countries
developed countries like United Kingdom
where the population growth is slowing
because of low death rate because it's
since it's a developed nation so we can
assume that healthcare is at its best
therefore the death rate will be low but
the interesting fact is that they also
have low birth rate and the last topic
is population composition so when we say
population composition we are talking
about the important characteristics of a
population for example what is the
population comprised of such as sex age
marital status education occupation and
relationship to the head of household so
if we get a good understanding of the
composition of the population we can
pretty much predict the economic
development of a nation but here is a
twist if a country is crowded that means
if they have lot of population a regular
notion goes by this that if there is a
lot of people then there will be a lot
of economic activity going on but then
let's take an example of Bangladesh and
Japan so if you see both of them are
densely populated but Japan is far more
economically developed than Bangladesh
so people cannot directly determine
economic we need to know more about
their qualities therefore we greatly
rely on their age sex literacy level
health condition occupation and income
level so it is essential to understand
these characteristics of the people
population composition refers to the
structure of the population so just have
a look at this picture
so here the total population is divided
into various age groups example five to
nine years ten to fourteen years and
then the percentage of the total
population divided into males and
females so this kind of characterization
and understanding is required to
understand the population composition
population pyramid tells a great story
it shows us how many dependents are
there in country there are two groups of
dependents young dependents and elderly
dependents young dependents are usually
below the age of 15 years and elderly
dependents are above 65 years so we are
talking about retirees pensioners etc
hence like this we can make many
pyramids for visualization now if you
look at both the population pyramid of
India and Japan you can see a huge
differentiation in both of them so in a
country like Japan low birth rates make
the pyramid narrow
the base so if you see the Indian
pyramid there the base is much wider and
as it goes up it becomes narrow so here
we can easily see that in between the
age range of 0 to 15 years we have a lot
of children who are dependent on their
parents and hence they don't contribute
towards strong and expanding labour
force and on the other hand in the
Japan's pyramid you see the age group
between 0 to 15 is fairly lower than the
Indian pyramid so here we can also say
that their birth rate and the death rate
is almost low and hence they have
majority of their people that is from 15
years to 64 years there the working
force of the nation and that could
definitely result in the economic
development of Japan hence population
pyramid is one of the good ways of
understanding the population composition
and helps in determining the economic
development of the nation with this we
have come to an end of class age
geography I hope you found this series
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