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JEE Main Previous Year Questions (2025): General Principles & Process of Isolation of Elements
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Page 1 JEE Main Previous Year Questions (2025): General Principles & Process of Isolation of Elements Q1: The purification method based on the following physical transformation is : JEE Main 2025 (Online) 28th January Evening Shift Options: A. Extraction B. Crystallization C. Distillation D. Sublimation Answer: D Solution: The purification method described by the transformation: is known as Sublimation. In sublimation, a solid substance directly transforms into its gaseous phase upon heating and reverts back to the solid phase upon cooling. This technique is commonly used to purify substances, particularly those that sublime more easily than others under the same conditions. Sublimation is effective for separating substances with different volatility, like separating ammonium chloride from a mixture with sodium chloride, as ammonium chloride sublimates while sodium chloride does not.Read More
FAQs on JEE Main Previous Year Questions (2025): General Principles & Process of Isolation of Elements
| 1. What are the general principles of the isolation of elements from their ores? |  |
Ans. The general principles of isolation of elements from their ores involve a series of processes such as mining, concentration, reduction, and refining. Initially, ores are extracted from the earth. The concentration process separates valuable minerals from the gangue. This is often done through methods like froth flotation or magnetic separation. The reduction process involves converting the concentrated ore into a pure metal, typically using chemical reactions such as smelting with carbon or electrolysis. Finally, refining purifies the metal to achieve the desired quality.
| 2. What methods are commonly used for the extraction of metals from their ores? | |
Ans. Common methods for metal extraction include pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and electrometallurgy. Pyrometallurgy involves high-temperature processes, such as roasting and smelting, to extract metals from ores. Hydrometallurgy uses aqueous solutions to extract metals, often involving leaching, where solvents dissolve metal compounds. Electrometallurgy utilizes electrical energy to reduce metal ions and produce pure metals, typically through processes like electrolysis.
| 3. What role does the reactivity of a metal play in its extraction process? | |
Ans. The reactivity of a metal significantly influences its extraction process. Highly reactive metals, such as sodium and potassium, cannot be extracted using carbon reduction due to their strong affinity for oxygen; instead, they are obtained through electrolysis of their molten salts. Moderately reactive metals, like zinc and iron, can be extracted using carbon reduction methods. In contrast, noble metals, such as gold and platinum, are often found in their elemental form and can be extracted easily since they do not readily react with oxygen.
| 4. What is the significance of the thermodynamic stability of oxides in the extraction of metals? | |
Ans. The thermodynamic stability of metal oxides plays a crucial role in determining the method of extraction. If the oxide of a metal is thermodynamically stable, it will require more energy for reduction. This means that for less stable oxides, carbon can be used as a reducing agent to extract the metal at lower temperatures. However, for stable oxides, more energy-intensive methods, such as electrolysis, may be required. Understanding the stability of the oxides helps in selecting the most efficient extraction method.
| 5. How does the choice of reducing agent affect the extraction of metals? | |
Ans. The choice of reducing agent is critical in the extraction of metals as it influences the efficiency and cost of the process. Common reducing agents include carbon, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen. Carbon is often used for the reduction of less reactive metals because it is economical and effective. However, for more reactive metals, stronger reducing agents like hydrogen or aluminum are needed. The effectiveness of the reducing agent can also affect the purity of the final metal product, making the selection process vital to successful extraction.
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