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Properties of Sulphuric Acid - 1 Video Lecture - JEE

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1. What are the physical properties of sulphuric acid?
Ans. Sulphuric acid is a dense, oily liquid that is colorless to slightly yellow in appearance. It has a boiling point of 337 °C and a melting point of 10.36 °C. It is highly soluble in water and releases a large amount of heat when diluted. Additionally, sulphuric acid is highly corrosive and can cause severe burns.
2. What are the chemical properties of sulphuric acid?
Ans. Sulphuric acid is a strong acid that reacts vigorously with many substances. It is a dehydrating agent, meaning it can remove water molecules from other compounds. It can react with metals, oxides, hydroxides, and carbonates to form various products. Sulphuric acid is also a strong oxidizing agent and can oxidize certain substances, such as organic compounds, by accepting electrons.
3. How is sulphuric acid commonly used in industries?
Ans. Sulphuric acid is one of the most widely used chemicals in various industries. It is commonly used in the production of fertilizers, detergents, dyes, pigments, and pharmaceuticals. It is also used in petroleum refining, metal processing, and wastewater treatment. The strong corrosive properties of sulphuric acid make it useful in cleaning and etching metals as well.
4. What are the safety precautions when handling sulphuric acid?
Ans. When handling sulphuric acid, it is crucial to follow safety precautions to prevent accidents or injuries. Some of the safety measures include wearing protective gloves, goggles, and clothing to protect the skin and eyes. It should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. Dilution with water should be done slowly and carefully to avoid splashing. In case of contact with skin or eyes, immediate rinsing with water should be done, and medical attention should be sought.
5. How is sulphuric acid produced industrially?
Ans. Sulphuric acid is primarily produced through the contact process. In this process, sulphur dioxide gas is oxidized by air in the presence of a catalyst, usually vanadium pentoxide, to form sulphur trioxide. The sulphur trioxide is then dissolved in concentrated sulphuric acid to produce oleum. Finally, diluted sulphuric acid is produced by adding water to the oleum. This diluted sulphuric acid is then used for various industrial applications.
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