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Ecology: Community & Biome | Biology for SSS 3 PDF Download

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Community

Groups of organisms of different species that live in common area, which are interrelated and interdependent form a community.

It is a natural aggregation of plants and animals in the same environment.

Biotic Community = Animal community + Plant community + Microbial community

Characteristics of a Community


1. Species Diversity

There are  different types of population (species) found in community, this is called species diversity. It depends on size of the area, type of area, type of soil , altitude, climate.

2. Dominance

The highest number of organism of a species present in community, is called as the dominant species.
Whole community is known by the name of that particular dominant species. e.g. Prosopis community at Aravali hills, Pinus community at Himalaya

3. Stratification 

The different growth form (trees, shrubs, under shrubs, herbs) determines the structure of a plant community.
Stratification is based on mode of arrangement of various growth forms.

  • Stratification in lake– In deep lake, zonation or stratification may be according to the need of light. There are three types of zones differentiated in a deep lake.

A. Littoral Zone – This zone is found at bank of lake where very shallow water or marshy land is present. Rooted vegetation is found in this zone.

B. Limnetic Zone – This is the zone of lake water, where light reaches in sufficient amount to the entire surface area. It means this is not too deep. In this region different types of floating plants (phytoplanktons), suspended and submerged plants are present.

C. Profundal Zone – It is very deep area of the lake where light does not reach up to the bottom. Only heterotrophs are present in this zone.

 

Ecology: Community & Biome | Biology for SSS 3

  • Stratification in Forest – The clear stratification (vertical arrangement) in various growth forms of plants according to the need of light in any dense forest.
    Surface dwellers → Herbs → Under shrubs → Shrubs →Trees.

Note :

  • The clear stratification is found in tropical rain forest. So it is known as multi-storied forest.

  • Another example of stratification is mountain.

The document Ecology: Community & Biome | Biology for SSS 3 is a part of the SSS 3 Course Biology for SSS 3.
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FAQs on Ecology: Community & Biome - Biology for SSS 3

1. What is a community in ecology?
Ans. In ecology, a community refers to a group of different populations of organisms that coexist and interact within a specific area or habitat. These populations may include various species of plants, animals, and microorganisms that depend on each other for survival and form complex relationships.
2. What factors influence the composition of a community?
Ans. The composition of a community is influenced by several factors, including abiotic factors such as climate, soil type, and availability of resources, as well as biotic factors such as predation, competition, and symbiotic relationships. These factors determine which species can survive and thrive in a particular ecosystem, shaping the overall community structure.
3. What is a biome and how is it different from a community?
Ans. A biome refers to a large-scale ecological area characterized by distinct climate, vegetation, and animal life. It encompasses multiple communities that share similar environmental conditions. In contrast, a community refers to the interaction of different species within a specific area, regardless of the larger biome it belongs to. Biomes are broader in scale and encompass multiple communities.
4. How do disturbances affect community dynamics in an ecosystem?
Ans. Disturbances, such as natural disasters or human activities, can have significant impacts on community dynamics in an ecosystem. They can disrupt the balance of species interactions, alter resource availability, and create opportunities for colonization by new species. Some disturbances may lead to a loss of biodiversity, while others can promote species diversity by creating new habitats or removing dominant competitors.
5. Can communities within a biome change over time?
Ans. Yes, communities within a biome can change over time due to various factors. Natural processes like succession, where communities gradually change in structure and species composition, can occur in response to disturbances or environmental changes. Human activities, such as deforestation or pollution, can also drive changes in communities within a biome. These changes can have significant implications for the overall biodiversity and functioning of the ecosystem.
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