Table of contents | |
Different Types of Crops | |
Crop Variety Improvement | |
Crop Production Management | |
Crop Protection Management | |
Organic Farming |
All living organisms require food for their growth and survival. The food supplies carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. The two major sources of food are the plants and animals which are obtained from agriculture and animal husbandry.
(i) Cereals: These are rich in carbohydrates and thus provide energy.
Example: Rice, wheat, maize, sorghum, barley, millets.
(ii) Pulses: These are rich in protein and thus helpful for bodybuilding.
Example: Gram, moong, pea, lentil, and, pigeon pea.
(iii) Oilseed Crops: These are rich in oil and fatty acids.
Example: Groundnut, sunflower, soya bean, mustard, sesame.
(iv) Vegetable Crops: These provide vitamins, minerals along with small quantities of carbohydrates, protein and oils.
(v) Spices: They are used for enhancing palatability.
Example: Chilly, black pepper, ginger, turmeric.
(vi) Fodder Crops: These provide green fodder to the cattle.
Example: Berseem, sorghum, maize, oat, sudangrass, alfalfa.
(i) Kharif crop: Grown in rainy season (from June to October)
Example: Paddy, Soya bean, Arhar, Maize, Cotton, Urad, Moong etc.
(ii) Rabi crop: grown in summer season (November to April)
Example: Wheat, Gram, Peas, Mustard, Linseed
They are also called “summer season crop”.
1. Crop variety improvement.
2. Crop production management.
3. Crop protection management.
Crop variety can be improved by plant breeding. Plant breeding can be done either by selection or hybridisation
It Includes - Nutrients requirement, Irrigation & Cropping pattern.
There are two types of nutrients required by the plants
Sources of plant nutrients:
“Most important nutrients needed for growth of plants are N2, P, and K”
Bio-Fertilisers: Living beings used to increase the soil fertility are called bio-fertilisers.
Example: Anabaena, Nostoc, Rhizobium, Blue-green algae, Azollaetc etc.
The technique of providing water to the crops in the fields by means of Canals, Reservoir, Wells and Tube-wells etc is called irrigation.
Following ways of growing crops can be used to give maximum benefits:
1. Mixed cropping
2. Inter cropping
3. Crop rotation
It includes protection of the growing crops and harvested crops. Weeds, insects, pests and diseases infest the field crops. It can be controlled by adopting following methods:-
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1. What are sources of food? |
2. Which are the most common plant-based sources of food? |
3. What are the benefits of consuming plant-based sources of food? |
4. Which are the most common animal-based sources of food? |
5. What are the benefits of consuming animal-based sources of food? |
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