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Topic
Question 
No.
Question Option A Option B Option C Option D
Extractive 
metallurgy
1 What is the component of ice water steam system CO2 H2O HCL CO
Extractive 
metallurgy
2 A compound of impurity in usually in the form of Mns is Phosphorous Sulphur Nickel chromium
Extractive 
metallurgy
3
A Compound of impurity ,phosphorous present as Fe3P and found 
iron as mixture called
Steadlite Pearlite Magnetite Cementide
Extractive 
metallurgy
4 What is the composition of sterling silver 80%Ag20%Cu
90%Ag10
%Au
92%Ag10%Cu
85%Ag10%Al 
5%Cu
Extractive 
metallurgy
5
A monovalent metal having lower valency is more likely to dissolve 
one of
Less Valency
High 
Valency
Equal Valeny
Moderate 
Valency
Extractive 
metallurgy
6 A Phase of iron containing some carbon,silicon and phosphorous Liquid Solution
Interstitial 
solution
Gaseous Solution solid solution
Extractive 
metallurgy
7
In Sulphur printing Technique, which one of the following 
photographic paper is used?
Golden Bromide 
Paper
Copper 
bromide 
Paper
Silver bromide 
paper
Zinc bromide 
paper
Extractive 
metallurgy
8 A SAE System uses a basic four-digit system to designate
Chemical 
composition of 
carbon and alloy 
steel
Mechanic
al 
properties 
of carbon 
and alloy 
steel
Thermal properties 
of carbon and alloy 
steel
Identification 
of alloy
Page 2


Topic
Question 
No.
Question Option A Option B Option C Option D
Extractive 
metallurgy
1 What is the component of ice water steam system CO2 H2O HCL CO
Extractive 
metallurgy
2 A compound of impurity in usually in the form of Mns is Phosphorous Sulphur Nickel chromium
Extractive 
metallurgy
3
A Compound of impurity ,phosphorous present as Fe3P and found 
iron as mixture called
Steadlite Pearlite Magnetite Cementide
Extractive 
metallurgy
4 What is the composition of sterling silver 80%Ag20%Cu
90%Ag10
%Au
92%Ag10%Cu
85%Ag10%Al 
5%Cu
Extractive 
metallurgy
5
A monovalent metal having lower valency is more likely to dissolve 
one of
Less Valency
High 
Valency
Equal Valeny
Moderate 
Valency
Extractive 
metallurgy
6 A Phase of iron containing some carbon,silicon and phosphorous Liquid Solution
Interstitial 
solution
Gaseous Solution solid solution
Extractive 
metallurgy
7
In Sulphur printing Technique, which one of the following 
photographic paper is used?
Golden Bromide 
Paper
Copper 
bromide 
Paper
Silver bromide 
paper
Zinc bromide 
paper
Extractive 
metallurgy
8 A SAE System uses a basic four-digit system to designate
Chemical 
composition of 
carbon and alloy 
steel
Mechanic
al 
properties 
of carbon 
and alloy 
steel
Thermal properties 
of carbon and alloy 
steel
Identification 
of alloy
Iron Making
9 Dispersion hardening materials can be produced with the help of
Powder 
metallurgy
Forging Rolling Machining
Iron Making
10 Pig iron is the product of Blast Furnace
open 
hearth 
furnace
Glass furnace
Mufolla 
Furnace
Iron Making
11 Iron ore is extracted through open Pit Mining
closed Pit 
mining
blasting process
Smelting 
Process
Iron Making
12 Pure iron is a
Soft ,grayish 
white metal
hard 
,grayish 
white 
metal
soft ,grayish black 
metal
hard grayish 
black metal
Iron Making
13 A modern process used for making bulk steel is
Steel Making 
Nitrogen Process
Steel 
Making 
carbon 
Process
Basic steel Making 
Oxygen Process
Steel making 
carbon-
nitrogen 
proces
Iron Making
14
First Blast furnace appeared in 14th century and produce steel 
from iron oxide is
1 ton per day
2 ton per 
day
3 ton per day 4 ton per day
Iron Making
15 Giant Furnace produce steel 13000 ton/day
23000 
ton/day
33000 ton/day
3000 
ton/day
Iron Making
16 Final hot metal coming out from blast furnace contain 75% Iron
93.5% to 
95 % Iron
80 % to 85 % Iron
85 % to 90 % 
Iron
Transport 
phenomena
17
Iron and steel making modern industries generating product by 
efficiently controlled by heat , mass ,momemtum is called
Fluid dynamics
controlled 
phenome
na
Safety phenomena
Transport 
phenomena
Page 3


Topic
Question 
No.
Question Option A Option B Option C Option D
Extractive 
metallurgy
1 What is the component of ice water steam system CO2 H2O HCL CO
Extractive 
metallurgy
2 A compound of impurity in usually in the form of Mns is Phosphorous Sulphur Nickel chromium
Extractive 
metallurgy
3
A Compound of impurity ,phosphorous present as Fe3P and found 
iron as mixture called
Steadlite Pearlite Magnetite Cementide
Extractive 
metallurgy
4 What is the composition of sterling silver 80%Ag20%Cu
90%Ag10
%Au
92%Ag10%Cu
85%Ag10%Al 
5%Cu
Extractive 
metallurgy
5
A monovalent metal having lower valency is more likely to dissolve 
one of
Less Valency
High 
Valency
Equal Valeny
Moderate 
Valency
Extractive 
metallurgy
6 A Phase of iron containing some carbon,silicon and phosphorous Liquid Solution
Interstitial 
solution
Gaseous Solution solid solution
Extractive 
metallurgy
7
In Sulphur printing Technique, which one of the following 
photographic paper is used?
Golden Bromide 
Paper
Copper 
bromide 
Paper
Silver bromide 
paper
Zinc bromide 
paper
Extractive 
metallurgy
8 A SAE System uses a basic four-digit system to designate
Chemical 
composition of 
carbon and alloy 
steel
Mechanic
al 
properties 
of carbon 
and alloy 
steel
Thermal properties 
of carbon and alloy 
steel
Identification 
of alloy
Iron Making
9 Dispersion hardening materials can be produced with the help of
Powder 
metallurgy
Forging Rolling Machining
Iron Making
10 Pig iron is the product of Blast Furnace
open 
hearth 
furnace
Glass furnace
Mufolla 
Furnace
Iron Making
11 Iron ore is extracted through open Pit Mining
closed Pit 
mining
blasting process
Smelting 
Process
Iron Making
12 Pure iron is a
Soft ,grayish 
white metal
hard 
,grayish 
white 
metal
soft ,grayish black 
metal
hard grayish 
black metal
Iron Making
13 A modern process used for making bulk steel is
Steel Making 
Nitrogen Process
Steel 
Making 
carbon 
Process
Basic steel Making 
Oxygen Process
Steel making 
carbon-
nitrogen 
proces
Iron Making
14
First Blast furnace appeared in 14th century and produce steel 
from iron oxide is
1 ton per day
2 ton per 
day
3 ton per day 4 ton per day
Iron Making
15 Giant Furnace produce steel 13000 ton/day
23000 
ton/day
33000 ton/day
3000 
ton/day
Iron Making
16 Final hot metal coming out from blast furnace contain 75% Iron
93.5% to 
95 % Iron
80 % to 85 % Iron
85 % to 90 % 
Iron
Transport 
phenomena
17
Iron and steel making modern industries generating product by 
efficiently controlled by heat , mass ,momemtum is called
Fluid dynamics
controlled 
phenome
na
Safety phenomena
Transport 
phenomena
Transport 
phenomena
18
Heating of iron ore in blast furnace heat and mass transfer takes 
place between
Descending hot 
gases and 
ascending solid 
and liquid phases
Ascending 
hot gases 
and 
descendin
g solid and 
liquid 
phases
Ascending hot 
gases and 
ascending solid and 
liquid phases
Descending 
hot gases 
and 
descending 
solid and 
liquid phases
Transport 
phenomena
19
In iron and steel manufacturing industries , heat transfer problem 
treated reletes to
thermo -
mechanical 
combined 
process
electro- 
mechanica
l Control 
Process
thermo-mechanical 
control process
electro- 
mechanical 
Combined 
Process
Transport 
phenomena
20
To control the molten metal temperature inside the tundish, In 
modern iron work use
Induction heating
Thermal 
heating
chemical Heating
oxygen 
heating
Transport 
phenomena
21
Rapid increase in metal temperature inside induction furnace , 
causes
swift fall in heat 
treansfer rate
swift 
increase in 
heat 
transfer 
rate
slowely fall in heat 
transfer rate
slowely 
increase in 
heat transfer 
rate
Transport 
phenomena
22 In hot rolling process of steel , on hot steel strip
cooled air is 
impinge
Cooled 
gas is 
sprayed
Water jet cooling 
system is use
No cooling 
system is 
used
Transport 
phenomena
23
when water jet impinge on the surface of the hot strip of steel , 
heat transfer mode
constant
only 
forced 
convectio
n
only radiation
varies locally 
in different 
region
Page 4


Topic
Question 
No.
Question Option A Option B Option C Option D
Extractive 
metallurgy
1 What is the component of ice water steam system CO2 H2O HCL CO
Extractive 
metallurgy
2 A compound of impurity in usually in the form of Mns is Phosphorous Sulphur Nickel chromium
Extractive 
metallurgy
3
A Compound of impurity ,phosphorous present as Fe3P and found 
iron as mixture called
Steadlite Pearlite Magnetite Cementide
Extractive 
metallurgy
4 What is the composition of sterling silver 80%Ag20%Cu
90%Ag10
%Au
92%Ag10%Cu
85%Ag10%Al 
5%Cu
Extractive 
metallurgy
5
A monovalent metal having lower valency is more likely to dissolve 
one of
Less Valency
High 
Valency
Equal Valeny
Moderate 
Valency
Extractive 
metallurgy
6 A Phase of iron containing some carbon,silicon and phosphorous Liquid Solution
Interstitial 
solution
Gaseous Solution solid solution
Extractive 
metallurgy
7
In Sulphur printing Technique, which one of the following 
photographic paper is used?
Golden Bromide 
Paper
Copper 
bromide 
Paper
Silver bromide 
paper
Zinc bromide 
paper
Extractive 
metallurgy
8 A SAE System uses a basic four-digit system to designate
Chemical 
composition of 
carbon and alloy 
steel
Mechanic
al 
properties 
of carbon 
and alloy 
steel
Thermal properties 
of carbon and alloy 
steel
Identification 
of alloy
Iron Making
9 Dispersion hardening materials can be produced with the help of
Powder 
metallurgy
Forging Rolling Machining
Iron Making
10 Pig iron is the product of Blast Furnace
open 
hearth 
furnace
Glass furnace
Mufolla 
Furnace
Iron Making
11 Iron ore is extracted through open Pit Mining
closed Pit 
mining
blasting process
Smelting 
Process
Iron Making
12 Pure iron is a
Soft ,grayish 
white metal
hard 
,grayish 
white 
metal
soft ,grayish black 
metal
hard grayish 
black metal
Iron Making
13 A modern process used for making bulk steel is
Steel Making 
Nitrogen Process
Steel 
Making 
carbon 
Process
Basic steel Making 
Oxygen Process
Steel making 
carbon-
nitrogen 
proces
Iron Making
14
First Blast furnace appeared in 14th century and produce steel 
from iron oxide is
1 ton per day
2 ton per 
day
3 ton per day 4 ton per day
Iron Making
15 Giant Furnace produce steel 13000 ton/day
23000 
ton/day
33000 ton/day
3000 
ton/day
Iron Making
16 Final hot metal coming out from blast furnace contain 75% Iron
93.5% to 
95 % Iron
80 % to 85 % Iron
85 % to 90 % 
Iron
Transport 
phenomena
17
Iron and steel making modern industries generating product by 
efficiently controlled by heat , mass ,momemtum is called
Fluid dynamics
controlled 
phenome
na
Safety phenomena
Transport 
phenomena
Transport 
phenomena
18
Heating of iron ore in blast furnace heat and mass transfer takes 
place between
Descending hot 
gases and 
ascending solid 
and liquid phases
Ascending 
hot gases 
and 
descendin
g solid and 
liquid 
phases
Ascending hot 
gases and 
ascending solid and 
liquid phases
Descending 
hot gases 
and 
descending 
solid and 
liquid phases
Transport 
phenomena
19
In iron and steel manufacturing industries , heat transfer problem 
treated reletes to
thermo -
mechanical 
combined 
process
electro- 
mechanica
l Control 
Process
thermo-mechanical 
control process
electro- 
mechanical 
Combined 
Process
Transport 
phenomena
20
To control the molten metal temperature inside the tundish, In 
modern iron work use
Induction heating
Thermal 
heating
chemical Heating
oxygen 
heating
Transport 
phenomena
21
Rapid increase in metal temperature inside induction furnace , 
causes
swift fall in heat 
treansfer rate
swift 
increase in 
heat 
transfer 
rate
slowely fall in heat 
transfer rate
slowely 
increase in 
heat transfer 
rate
Transport 
phenomena
22 In hot rolling process of steel , on hot steel strip
cooled air is 
impinge
Cooled 
gas is 
sprayed
Water jet cooling 
system is use
No cooling 
system is 
used
Transport 
phenomena
23
when water jet impinge on the surface of the hot strip of steel , 
heat transfer mode
constant
only 
forced 
convectio
n
only radiation
varies locally 
in different 
region
Mechanical 
metallurgy
24
Important assumption in strength of material are that the body 
which is being analyzed is
discrete, 
homogeneous 
and isotropic
continous 
,hetrogen
eous and 
isotropic
continous 
,homogeneous and 
isotropic
discrete,hetr
ogenous and 
isotropic
Mechanical 
metallurgy
25
when metal are deformed in a particular direction as in rolling or 
forging ,mechanical properties may be
anisotropic isentropic polytropic istropic
Mechanical 
metallurgy
26
Material that behave a non linear stress strain relationship ,still 
satisfy the defination of elastic
Rubber Copper Reinforce fibre aluminium
Mechanical 
metallurgy
27 As the plastic deformation of material increases, the metal become strain hardening
stress 
hardening
weaker stable
Mechanical 
metallurgy
28 Maximum load divided by the original area of specimen is yield strength
fatigue 
strength
compressive 
strength
ultimate 
tensile 
strength
Mechanical 
metallurgy
29 A complete brittle material would fracture at the elastic limit
Plastic 
limit
yield point
ultimate 
tensile stress
Foundry 
technology
30 It serve to produce internal surface in casting is runer Cores gate riser
Foundry 
technology
31 Bigger grain size in casting results in a better strength
worse 
surface 
finish
better permeability
casting 
without 
cavity
Foundry 
technology
32 Pattern is made of wax in
Investment 
casting
centrifugal 
casting
Die Casting
Permanent 
mold casting
Foundry 
technology
33
In which casting process mold is preheated and coated with 
lubricants for seperation of casting is
Hot chamber Die 
casting
centrifugal 
casting
Investment casting
Permanent 
mold casting
Foundry 
technology
34
Defects appear in cast product due to casting solidifies before 
completely fill the mold is
Cold shuts
Hot 
tearing
misruns
Microporosit
y
Page 5


Topic
Question 
No.
Question Option A Option B Option C Option D
Extractive 
metallurgy
1 What is the component of ice water steam system CO2 H2O HCL CO
Extractive 
metallurgy
2 A compound of impurity in usually in the form of Mns is Phosphorous Sulphur Nickel chromium
Extractive 
metallurgy
3
A Compound of impurity ,phosphorous present as Fe3P and found 
iron as mixture called
Steadlite Pearlite Magnetite Cementide
Extractive 
metallurgy
4 What is the composition of sterling silver 80%Ag20%Cu
90%Ag10
%Au
92%Ag10%Cu
85%Ag10%Al 
5%Cu
Extractive 
metallurgy
5
A monovalent metal having lower valency is more likely to dissolve 
one of
Less Valency
High 
Valency
Equal Valeny
Moderate 
Valency
Extractive 
metallurgy
6 A Phase of iron containing some carbon,silicon and phosphorous Liquid Solution
Interstitial 
solution
Gaseous Solution solid solution
Extractive 
metallurgy
7
In Sulphur printing Technique, which one of the following 
photographic paper is used?
Golden Bromide 
Paper
Copper 
bromide 
Paper
Silver bromide 
paper
Zinc bromide 
paper
Extractive 
metallurgy
8 A SAE System uses a basic four-digit system to designate
Chemical 
composition of 
carbon and alloy 
steel
Mechanic
al 
properties 
of carbon 
and alloy 
steel
Thermal properties 
of carbon and alloy 
steel
Identification 
of alloy
Iron Making
9 Dispersion hardening materials can be produced with the help of
Powder 
metallurgy
Forging Rolling Machining
Iron Making
10 Pig iron is the product of Blast Furnace
open 
hearth 
furnace
Glass furnace
Mufolla 
Furnace
Iron Making
11 Iron ore is extracted through open Pit Mining
closed Pit 
mining
blasting process
Smelting 
Process
Iron Making
12 Pure iron is a
Soft ,grayish 
white metal
hard 
,grayish 
white 
metal
soft ,grayish black 
metal
hard grayish 
black metal
Iron Making
13 A modern process used for making bulk steel is
Steel Making 
Nitrogen Process
Steel 
Making 
carbon 
Process
Basic steel Making 
Oxygen Process
Steel making 
carbon-
nitrogen 
proces
Iron Making
14
First Blast furnace appeared in 14th century and produce steel 
from iron oxide is
1 ton per day
2 ton per 
day
3 ton per day 4 ton per day
Iron Making
15 Giant Furnace produce steel 13000 ton/day
23000 
ton/day
33000 ton/day
3000 
ton/day
Iron Making
16 Final hot metal coming out from blast furnace contain 75% Iron
93.5% to 
95 % Iron
80 % to 85 % Iron
85 % to 90 % 
Iron
Transport 
phenomena
17
Iron and steel making modern industries generating product by 
efficiently controlled by heat , mass ,momemtum is called
Fluid dynamics
controlled 
phenome
na
Safety phenomena
Transport 
phenomena
Transport 
phenomena
18
Heating of iron ore in blast furnace heat and mass transfer takes 
place between
Descending hot 
gases and 
ascending solid 
and liquid phases
Ascending 
hot gases 
and 
descendin
g solid and 
liquid 
phases
Ascending hot 
gases and 
ascending solid and 
liquid phases
Descending 
hot gases 
and 
descending 
solid and 
liquid phases
Transport 
phenomena
19
In iron and steel manufacturing industries , heat transfer problem 
treated reletes to
thermo -
mechanical 
combined 
process
electro- 
mechanica
l Control 
Process
thermo-mechanical 
control process
electro- 
mechanical 
Combined 
Process
Transport 
phenomena
20
To control the molten metal temperature inside the tundish, In 
modern iron work use
Induction heating
Thermal 
heating
chemical Heating
oxygen 
heating
Transport 
phenomena
21
Rapid increase in metal temperature inside induction furnace , 
causes
swift fall in heat 
treansfer rate
swift 
increase in 
heat 
transfer 
rate
slowely fall in heat 
transfer rate
slowely 
increase in 
heat transfer 
rate
Transport 
phenomena
22 In hot rolling process of steel , on hot steel strip
cooled air is 
impinge
Cooled 
gas is 
sprayed
Water jet cooling 
system is use
No cooling 
system is 
used
Transport 
phenomena
23
when water jet impinge on the surface of the hot strip of steel , 
heat transfer mode
constant
only 
forced 
convectio
n
only radiation
varies locally 
in different 
region
Mechanical 
metallurgy
24
Important assumption in strength of material are that the body 
which is being analyzed is
discrete, 
homogeneous 
and isotropic
continous 
,hetrogen
eous and 
isotropic
continous 
,homogeneous and 
isotropic
discrete,hetr
ogenous and 
isotropic
Mechanical 
metallurgy
25
when metal are deformed in a particular direction as in rolling or 
forging ,mechanical properties may be
anisotropic isentropic polytropic istropic
Mechanical 
metallurgy
26
Material that behave a non linear stress strain relationship ,still 
satisfy the defination of elastic
Rubber Copper Reinforce fibre aluminium
Mechanical 
metallurgy
27 As the plastic deformation of material increases, the metal become strain hardening
stress 
hardening
weaker stable
Mechanical 
metallurgy
28 Maximum load divided by the original area of specimen is yield strength
fatigue 
strength
compressive 
strength
ultimate 
tensile 
strength
Mechanical 
metallurgy
29 A complete brittle material would fracture at the elastic limit
Plastic 
limit
yield point
ultimate 
tensile stress
Foundry 
technology
30 It serve to produce internal surface in casting is runer Cores gate riser
Foundry 
technology
31 Bigger grain size in casting results in a better strength
worse 
surface 
finish
better permeability
casting 
without 
cavity
Foundry 
technology
32 Pattern is made of wax in
Investment 
casting
centrifugal 
casting
Die Casting
Permanent 
mold casting
Foundry 
technology
33
In which casting process mold is preheated and coated with 
lubricants for seperation of casting is
Hot chamber Die 
casting
centrifugal 
casting
Investment casting
Permanent 
mold casting
Foundry 
technology
34
Defects appear in cast product due to casting solidifies before 
completely fill the mold is
Cold shuts
Hot 
tearing
misruns
Microporosit
y
Foundry 
technology
35
Foundry sand is a mixture of fresh and recycled sand,which 
containn
90% silica, 3% 
water , 7 % clay
80 % 
silica, 6 % 
water , 
14% clay
70 % silica ,12 % 
water , 28% clay
60 % silica, 
24% water , 
56 % clay
Foundry 
technology
36 surface finish obtained by shell molding up to 2.5 mm 3.5 mm 4,5 mm 5,5 mm
Production of 
Steel
37 In electric arc furnace 150 kg of coal are used to produce around 0.5 ton of steel
2 ton of 
steel
1 ton of steel 3 ton of steel
Production of 
Steel
38 Steel can be defined as alloy of Iron and carbon up to
0.008 to 2 % 
Carbon
2 to 3 % 
carbon
3.2 to 4.3 % carbon
4.4 to 6.6% 
Carbom
Production of 
Steel
39 Steel making iron ore is used around 0.72 0.82 0.98 0.9
Production of 
Steel
40 Largest producer of iron ore is Australia japan America India
Production of 
Steel
41
Element like phosphorous and sulphur react with oxygen to form 
acidic oxide ,these can be remove using
carbon dioxide Quiklime Limestone
magnessium 
oxide
Production of 
Steel
42
Iron ore contain rocky material which clog in the furnace , to 
remove these the material is added
Coke Limestone calcium carbonate acidic oxide
Production of 
Steel
43 In steel making ,sulphur has to remove first to form
corrosion 
resistance
slag on 
the top of 
the iron
hardness
anti oxide 
film on the 
surface
Physical 
metallurgy
44
Redistribution of the solute produced by solidification is frequently 
term as
Freezing
Microsegr
egation
segregation formulation
Physical 
metallurgy
45 solidification of metals occurs by Nucleation
Recystalis
ation
non crystalization
Grain and 
Growth
Physical 
metallurgy
46 A dendrite is a crystal with a tree like branching is Nucleus
Grain 
growth
structure transition
Physical 
metallurgy
47 Homogenous nucleation can occur above the Freezing point
glass 
transition 
temperatu
re
recrystalisation 
temperature
melting point
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FAQs on MCQ on Engineering Metallurgy - Mechanical Engineering

1. What is engineering metallurgy?
Ans. Engineering metallurgy is a branch of mechanical engineering that deals with the study of the physical and chemical behavior of metallic materials and their applications in engineering. It involves understanding the properties, structure, and processing of metals to design and develop reliable and efficient engineering components.
2. What are the main types of engineering materials?
Ans. The main types of engineering materials are metals, polymers, ceramics, and composites. Metals are widely used due to their high strength, ductility, and conductivity. Polymers have good flexibility and are used for insulation and packaging. Ceramics are known for their high temperature resistance and hardness. Composites are a combination of two or more materials with tailored properties.
3. What are the different methods of metal extraction?
Ans. The different methods of metal extraction include pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and electrometallurgy. Pyrometallurgy involves high-temperature processes like smelting to extract metals from their ores. Hydrometallurgy uses aqueous solutions to dissolve metals from ores. Electrometallurgy involves using electrolysis to extract metals from their compounds.
4. What is the significance of phase diagrams in engineering metallurgy?
Ans. Phase diagrams are graphical representations that show the relationships between temperature, composition, and the phases (solid, liquid, gas) of a material system. They are crucial in engineering metallurgy as they help in understanding the behavior of alloys during solidification, heat treatment, and phase transformations. Phase diagrams also aid in selecting appropriate alloy compositions for desired mechanical properties.
5. How does heat treatment affect the properties of metals?
Ans. Heat treatment is a controlled process of heating and cooling metals to alter their microstructure and improve their mechanical properties. It can change the hardness, strength, toughness, and grain size of metals. For example, quenching followed by tempering can increase the hardness and strength of steel. Annealing can relieve internal stresses and improve the ductility of metals. Heat treatment plays a vital role in enhancing the performance and durability of engineering components.
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