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Nutrition in Plants

Every living organism needs some kind of energy and nutrient materials to ensure that the life processes go on smoothly. Moreover, this energy requirement is got from the food.  You can understand this better in animals and human beings as you see it on a daily basis. You very well know what happens if you skip breakfast or lunch! But what about plants? Do they require any nutrition at all?

Plants and their Nutrition Requirements

Plants are also living things that need some form of energy. They have cells and tissues. They also grow in size and girth. And they are the producers of the ecosystem. So, in order to synthesize food, they do have nutrient requirements. Of course, the kind of nutrient requirements varies.

This kind of nutrition in plants is called the autotrophic mode of nutrition. What does this actually mean? It means that plants have the special capability to make their own food, by using simple inorganic substances to produce organic molecules/substances. They get the energy sources from non-living things such as sun and carbon dioxide.

Plants also have chlorophyll in them, the green colour pigment. With the help of all these above factors, plants can produce simple carbohydrates. The carbohydrates thus produced are utilized by the plant and gives it energy. When there is an excess of carbohydrates in the plants, then it is stored as a reserve for later use.

Nutrition in Plants - Class 9

Types of Autotrophic Nutrition

According to the type of energy source used, autotrophic nutrition in plants can be of two types. They are Photo-autotrophic nutrition (where sunlight is the energy source) and Chemo-autotrophic nutrition (where chemicals are the energy source).

Learn more about the Nutrition in Animals.

The Process of Photosynthesis in Autotrophs/Plants

To put it simply, plants require certain raw materials, in order to make their own food. These raw materials include carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight. Plants get water from the soil that enters through the roots. And sunlight is the source of energy. But how does carbon dioxide enter the plants? You should first understand that carbon dioxide is a gas.

You have learned in your earlier classes that plants have openings called stomata. Guard cells surround these stomata. These stomata are the openings through which carbon dioxide enters the plants. Gaseous exchange i.e. the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen in plants occurs through these stomatal openings.

Water is also lost through the transpiration process through these openings. And hence, when the carbon dioxide requirement is met with for photosynthesis, plants close the stoma.

 Nutrition in Plants - Class 9

The above equation shows the chemical reactions that occur during photosynthesis.

Chlorophyll is present in structures called chloroplasts. They are disc-shaped organelles that are present in the mesophyll cells of the leaves. These help in trapping the sunlight within the plant. As the carbon dioxide enters the plant through the stoma, the light energy converts into chemical energy, by the splitting of the water molecules of the plants. Simple carbohydrates are produced in this process. Oxygen is a byproduct of photosynthesis.

In this way, plants are able to take up simple inorganic substances and convert them into simple carbohydrates, to meet their nutrient requirements.

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FAQs on Nutrition in Plants - Class 9

1. What is the process of nutrition in plants?
Ans. Nutrition in plants is the process by which plants obtain and utilize essential nutrients for their growth and development. It involves the absorption of water and minerals from the soil through the roots, transportation of these substances to various parts of the plant via the vascular system, and their utilization in various metabolic processes such as photosynthesis and respiration.
2. How do plants absorb nutrients from the soil?
Ans. Plants absorb nutrients from the soil through their root system. The root hairs present on the surface of the roots increase the surface area for absorption. The process of absorption occurs through active and passive transport mechanisms. Active transport involves the use of energy to move nutrients against the concentration gradient, while passive transport occurs through diffusion along the concentration gradient.
3. What are the essential nutrients required by plants?
Ans. Plants require several essential nutrients for their growth and development. These include macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur, which are required in large quantities. Additionally, plants also need micronutrients such as iron, manganese, zinc, copper, molybdenum, boron, and chlorine, which are needed in smaller quantities but are equally important for their proper functioning.
4. How do plants transport nutrients to different parts of the plant?
Ans. Plants transport nutrients to different parts of the plant through their vascular system, which consists of xylem and phloem tissues. The xylem tissue primarily transports water and minerals absorbed from the roots to the leaves, while the phloem tissue transports organic nutrients such as sugars and amino acids from the leaves to other parts of the plant, including the roots, stems, and fruits.
5. What is the role of photosynthesis in plant nutrition?
Ans. Photosynthesis is a vital process in plant nutrition as it allows plants to synthesize their own food using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water. Through photosynthesis, plants convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose, which serves as a source of energy for growth and other metabolic processes. Additionally, photosynthesis also releases oxygen into the atmosphere, playing a crucial role in maintaining the oxygen balance on Earth.
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