PHYSICS SHORT NOTES - MBBS PDF Download

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1 
PHYSICS 
1. Unit and Measurement ............................................................................................................................. 2 
2. Motion in a Straight line ........................................................................................................................... 3 
3. Motion in a Plane ...................................................................................................................................... 3 
4. Laws of Motion ......................................................................................................................................... 4 
5. Work Energy and Power ........................................................................................................................... 4 
6. System of Particles and Rotational Motion .............................................................................................. 6 
7. Gravitation .............................................................................................................................................. 11 
8. Mechanical Properties of Solids .............................................................................................................. 12 
9. Mechanical Properties of Fluids .............................................................................................................. 13 
10. Thermal properties of Matter ............................................................................................................... 14 
11. Thermodynamics ................................................................................................................................... 15 
12. Kinetic Theory of gases ......................................................................................................................... 16 
13. Oscillations ............................................................................................................................................ 18 
14. Waves .................................................................................................................................................... 20 
15. Electric Charges and Fields .................................................................................................................... 22 
16. Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance ............................................................................................... 24 
17. Current Electricity ................................................................................................................................. 27 
18. Moving Charges and Magnetic Field ..................................................................................................... 28 
19. Magnetism and Matter ......................................................................................................................... 30 
20. Electromagnetic Induction .................................................................................................................... 32 
21. Electromagnetic Waves ........................................................................................................................ 33 
22. Ray Optics and Optical Instruments ...................................................................................................... 34 
23. Wave Optics .......................................................................................................................................... 36 
24. Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter ................................................................................................... 37 
25. Atoms .................................................................................................................................................... 38 
26. Nuclei .................................................................................................................................................... 38 
27. Semiconductor Electronics ................................................................................................................... 39 
28. Communication System ........................................................................................................................ 39 
Physics Short Notes
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1 
PHYSICS 
1. Unit and Measurement ............................................................................................................................. 2 
2. Motion in a Straight line ........................................................................................................................... 3 
3. Motion in a Plane ...................................................................................................................................... 3 
4. Laws of Motion ......................................................................................................................................... 4 
5. Work Energy and Power ........................................................................................................................... 4 
6. System of Particles and Rotational Motion .............................................................................................. 6 
7. Gravitation .............................................................................................................................................. 11 
8. Mechanical Properties of Solids .............................................................................................................. 12 
9. Mechanical Properties of Fluids .............................................................................................................. 13 
10. Thermal properties of Matter ............................................................................................................... 14 
11. Thermodynamics ................................................................................................................................... 15 
12. Kinetic Theory of gases ......................................................................................................................... 16 
13. Oscillations ............................................................................................................................................ 18 
14. Waves .................................................................................................................................................... 20 
15. Electric Charges and Fields .................................................................................................................... 22 
16. Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance ............................................................................................... 24 
17. Current Electricity ................................................................................................................................. 27 
18. Moving Charges and Magnetic Field ..................................................................................................... 28 
19. Magnetism and Matter ......................................................................................................................... 30 
20. Electromagnetic Induction .................................................................................................................... 32 
21. Electromagnetic Waves ........................................................................................................................ 33 
22. Ray Optics and Optical Instruments ...................................................................................................... 34 
23. Wave Optics .......................................................................................................................................... 36 
24. Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter ................................................................................................... 37 
25. Atoms .................................................................................................................................................... 38 
26. Nuclei .................................................................................................................................................... 38 
27. Semiconductor Electronics ................................................................................................................... 39 
28. Communication System ........................................................................................................................ 39 
Physics Short Notes
2 
1. UNIT AND MEASUREMENT
? Fundamental Units :
Sr. No. Physical Quantity SI Unit Symbol 
1 Length Metre m 
2 Mass Kilogram Kg 
3 Time Second S 
4 Electric Current Ampere A 
5 Temperature Kelvin K 
6 Luminous Intensity Candela Cd 
7 Amount of Substance Mole mol 
? Supplementary Units :
Sr. No. Physical Quantity SI Unit Symbol 
1. Plane Angle Radian r 
2 Solid Angle Steradian Sr 
(1). Distance of an object by parallax method, 
Basis
D
Parallax angle
?
(2). Absolute error = True value – Measured value 
n
[ a ] ??
(3). True value = Arithmetic mean of the measured values 
1 2 n
mean
a a .... a
a
n
? ? ?
?
(4). Relative error in the measurement of a quantity 
mean
mean
a
a
?
?
(5). Percentage error 
mean
mean
a
100
a
?
?? 
(6). Maximum permissible error in addition or subtraction of two quantities (A A) ?? and (B B) ?? :
AB ? ? ? ?
(7). When 
q p
r
ab
z
c
?
? , then maximum relative in z is 
z a b C
p q r
z a b C
? ? ? ?
? ? ?
Physics Short Notes
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1 
PHYSICS 
1. Unit and Measurement ............................................................................................................................. 2 
2. Motion in a Straight line ........................................................................................................................... 3 
3. Motion in a Plane ...................................................................................................................................... 3 
4. Laws of Motion ......................................................................................................................................... 4 
5. Work Energy and Power ........................................................................................................................... 4 
6. System of Particles and Rotational Motion .............................................................................................. 6 
7. Gravitation .............................................................................................................................................. 11 
8. Mechanical Properties of Solids .............................................................................................................. 12 
9. Mechanical Properties of Fluids .............................................................................................................. 13 
10. Thermal properties of Matter ............................................................................................................... 14 
11. Thermodynamics ................................................................................................................................... 15 
12. Kinetic Theory of gases ......................................................................................................................... 16 
13. Oscillations ............................................................................................................................................ 18 
14. Waves .................................................................................................................................................... 20 
15. Electric Charges and Fields .................................................................................................................... 22 
16. Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance ............................................................................................... 24 
17. Current Electricity ................................................................................................................................. 27 
18. Moving Charges and Magnetic Field ..................................................................................................... 28 
19. Magnetism and Matter ......................................................................................................................... 30 
20. Electromagnetic Induction .................................................................................................................... 32 
21. Electromagnetic Waves ........................................................................................................................ 33 
22. Ray Optics and Optical Instruments ...................................................................................................... 34 
23. Wave Optics .......................................................................................................................................... 36 
24. Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter ................................................................................................... 37 
25. Atoms .................................................................................................................................................... 38 
26. Nuclei .................................................................................................................................................... 38 
27. Semiconductor Electronics ................................................................................................................... 39 
28. Communication System ........................................................................................................................ 39 
Physics Short Notes
2 
1. UNIT AND MEASUREMENT
? Fundamental Units :
Sr. No. Physical Quantity SI Unit Symbol 
1 Length Metre m 
2 Mass Kilogram Kg 
3 Time Second S 
4 Electric Current Ampere A 
5 Temperature Kelvin K 
6 Luminous Intensity Candela Cd 
7 Amount of Substance Mole mol 
? Supplementary Units :
Sr. No. Physical Quantity SI Unit Symbol 
1. Plane Angle Radian r 
2 Solid Angle Steradian Sr 
(1). Distance of an object by parallax method, 
Basis
D
Parallax angle
?
(2). Absolute error = True value – Measured value 
n
[ a ] ??
(3). True value = Arithmetic mean of the measured values 
1 2 n
mean
a a .... a
a
n
? ? ?
?
(4). Relative error in the measurement of a quantity 
mean
mean
a
a
?
?
(5). Percentage error 
mean
mean
a
100
a
?
?? 
(6). Maximum permissible error in addition or subtraction of two quantities (A A) ?? and (B B) ?? :
AB ? ? ? ?
(7). When 
q p
r
ab
z
c
?
? , then maximum relative in z is 
z a b C
p q r
z a b C
? ? ? ?
? ? ?
Physics Short Notes
3 
2. MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE
(1). For objects in uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion, the five quantities, displacement x, time 
taken t, initial velocity 
0
v , final velocity v and acceleration a are related by a set of kinematic equations 
of motions. These are 
0
v v at ??
2
0
1
x v t at
2
??
22
0
v v 2ax ??
The above equations are the equations of motion for particle. If the position of the particle at t = 0 is 0. 
If the particle starts at 
0
xx ? i.e. if it is at 
0
x at t = 0, then in the above equation x is replaced by 
0
(x x ) ? .
(2). The relative velocity of an object moving with velocity 
A
v w.r.t. an object B moving with velocity 
B
v
is given by 
AB A B
v v v ??
3. MOTION IN A PLANE
(1). Law of cosines, if R P Q ?? then
22
R P Q 2PQ cos ? ? ? ?
Here, ?? angle between P and Q
(2). Direction of R
Q cos
tan : angle between R and P
P Q sin
?
? ? ? ? ?
??
 
(3). Position of an object at time t, if it is initially at 
0
r , having initial velocity v 0 and moving with constant 
acceleration a , is 
Physics Short Notes
Page 4


1 
PHYSICS 
1. Unit and Measurement ............................................................................................................................. 2 
2. Motion in a Straight line ........................................................................................................................... 3 
3. Motion in a Plane ...................................................................................................................................... 3 
4. Laws of Motion ......................................................................................................................................... 4 
5. Work Energy and Power ........................................................................................................................... 4 
6. System of Particles and Rotational Motion .............................................................................................. 6 
7. Gravitation .............................................................................................................................................. 11 
8. Mechanical Properties of Solids .............................................................................................................. 12 
9. Mechanical Properties of Fluids .............................................................................................................. 13 
10. Thermal properties of Matter ............................................................................................................... 14 
11. Thermodynamics ................................................................................................................................... 15 
12. Kinetic Theory of gases ......................................................................................................................... 16 
13. Oscillations ............................................................................................................................................ 18 
14. Waves .................................................................................................................................................... 20 
15. Electric Charges and Fields .................................................................................................................... 22 
16. Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance ............................................................................................... 24 
17. Current Electricity ................................................................................................................................. 27 
18. Moving Charges and Magnetic Field ..................................................................................................... 28 
19. Magnetism and Matter ......................................................................................................................... 30 
20. Electromagnetic Induction .................................................................................................................... 32 
21. Electromagnetic Waves ........................................................................................................................ 33 
22. Ray Optics and Optical Instruments ...................................................................................................... 34 
23. Wave Optics .......................................................................................................................................... 36 
24. Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter ................................................................................................... 37 
25. Atoms .................................................................................................................................................... 38 
26. Nuclei .................................................................................................................................................... 38 
27. Semiconductor Electronics ................................................................................................................... 39 
28. Communication System ........................................................................................................................ 39 
Physics Short Notes
2 
1. UNIT AND MEASUREMENT
? Fundamental Units :
Sr. No. Physical Quantity SI Unit Symbol 
1 Length Metre m 
2 Mass Kilogram Kg 
3 Time Second S 
4 Electric Current Ampere A 
5 Temperature Kelvin K 
6 Luminous Intensity Candela Cd 
7 Amount of Substance Mole mol 
? Supplementary Units :
Sr. No. Physical Quantity SI Unit Symbol 
1. Plane Angle Radian r 
2 Solid Angle Steradian Sr 
(1). Distance of an object by parallax method, 
Basis
D
Parallax angle
?
(2). Absolute error = True value – Measured value 
n
[ a ] ??
(3). True value = Arithmetic mean of the measured values 
1 2 n
mean
a a .... a
a
n
? ? ?
?
(4). Relative error in the measurement of a quantity 
mean
mean
a
a
?
?
(5). Percentage error 
mean
mean
a
100
a
?
?? 
(6). Maximum permissible error in addition or subtraction of two quantities (A A) ?? and (B B) ?? :
AB ? ? ? ?
(7). When 
q p
r
ab
z
c
?
? , then maximum relative in z is 
z a b C
p q r
z a b C
? ? ? ?
? ? ?
Physics Short Notes
3 
2. MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE
(1). For objects in uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion, the five quantities, displacement x, time 
taken t, initial velocity 
0
v , final velocity v and acceleration a are related by a set of kinematic equations 
of motions. These are 
0
v v at ??
2
0
1
x v t at
2
??
22
0
v v 2ax ??
The above equations are the equations of motion for particle. If the position of the particle at t = 0 is 0. 
If the particle starts at 
0
xx ? i.e. if it is at 
0
x at t = 0, then in the above equation x is replaced by 
0
(x x ) ? .
(2). The relative velocity of an object moving with velocity 
A
v w.r.t. an object B moving with velocity 
B
v
is given by 
AB A B
v v v ??
3. MOTION IN A PLANE
(1). Law of cosines, if R P Q ?? then
22
R P Q 2PQ cos ? ? ? ?
Here, ?? angle between P and Q
(2). Direction of R
Q cos
tan : angle between R and P
P Q sin
?
? ? ? ? ?
??
 
(3). Position of an object at time t, if it is initially at 
0
r , having initial velocity v 0 and moving with constant 
acceleration a , is 
Physics Short Notes
4 
2
00
1
r r v t a
2
? ? ?
4. LAWS OF MOTION
(1). Force: 
dp dv dm
F m v
dt dt dt
? ? ? , when m is constant 
dv
F m ma
dt
?? 
(2). Conservation of linear momentum: 
ij
pp ? ? ?
(3). For motion of a car on level road maximum safest velocity is 
max s
v Rg ??
(4). For motion of a car on banked road maximum safest velocity is 
s
max
s
( tan )
v Rg
1 tan
?? ? ? ?
?
??
? ? ?
??
 
Angle of banking: 
2
1
v
tan
rg
?
??
5. WORK ENERGY AND POWER
(1). The work-energy theorem states that for conservative forces acting on the body, the change in 
kinetic energy of a body equal to the net work done by the net force on the body. 
f i net
K K W ??
Where K i and K f are initial and final kinetic energies and W net is the net work done. 
Physics Short Notes