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Soils and their Classification
Page 2


Soils and their Classification
Soils - What are they?
u Particulate materials
- Sedimentary origins (usually)
- Residual
u Wide range of particle sizes
- larger particles: quartz, feldspar
- very small particles: clay minerals
u Voids between particles
Page 3


Soils and their Classification
Soils - What are they?
u Particulate materials
- Sedimentary origins (usually)
- Residual
u Wide range of particle sizes
- larger particles: quartz, feldspar
- very small particles: clay minerals
u Voids between particles
Aragonite-rich soil x 2000
Page 4


Soils and their Classification
Soils - What are they?
u Particulate materials
- Sedimentary origins (usually)
- Residual
u Wide range of particle sizes
- larger particles: quartz, feldspar
- very small particles: clay minerals
u Voids between particles
Aragonite-rich soil x 2000
Page 5


Soils and their Classification
Soils - What are they?
u Particulate materials
- Sedimentary origins (usually)
- Residual
u Wide range of particle sizes
- larger particles: quartz, feldspar
- very small particles: clay minerals
u Voids between particles
Aragonite-rich soil x 2000
Need for Simple Classification
u Usually soil on site has to be used.
– Soils differ from other engineering materials in that
one has little control over their properties
u Extent and properties of the soil have to be determined
u Cheap and simple tests are required to give an indication
of engineering properties, e.g. stiffness, strength, for
preliminary design
The classification must use core samples obtained from the ground.
This information is often supplemented by in-situ tests such as cone
penetration tests.
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FAQs on PPT: Classification of Soils - Soil Mechanics - Civil Engineering (CE)

1. What is soil classification in civil engineering?
Ans. Soil classification in civil engineering is the process of categorizing soils based on their physical properties and behavior. It helps engineers understand the engineering characteristics of different soils and make informed decisions regarding construction projects.
2. How is soil classified in civil engineering?
Ans. Soil classification in civil engineering is typically done based on the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS). This system categorizes soils into various groups based on their particle size distribution and plasticity characteristics. The classification is determined through laboratory tests and visual examination of the soil samples.
3. Why is soil classification important in civil engineering?
Ans. Soil classification is crucial in civil engineering as it helps engineers assess the suitability of soils for different construction purposes. It provides valuable information about soil behavior, such as strength, compressibility, and permeability, which directly impact the design and stability of structures. Proper soil classification ensures the selection of appropriate construction methods and materials.
4. What are the major soil groups in civil engineering classification?
Ans. In civil engineering classification, soils are divided into four major groups: gravel, sand, silt, and clay. These groups are further subdivided based on their particle size distribution and plasticity characteristics. Each group has distinct engineering properties that influence the design and construction of civil engineering projects.
5. Are there any limitations or drawbacks of soil classification in civil engineering?
Ans. While soil classification is a valuable tool in civil engineering, it does have limitations. One limitation is that it does not consider all the engineering properties of soils, such as shear strength and consolidation characteristics. Additionally, soil classification is based on laboratory tests and visual examination, which may not always accurately represent the in-situ conditions. Therefore, it is important to supplement soil classification with additional site-specific tests and investigations to ensure accurate engineering analysis and design.
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