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Roll number: 
Thapar University, Patiala 
School of Mathematics and Computer Applications 
Ph.D., MST (March 2015) 	 DMC007: Research Methodology 
Time: 02 Hours; MM: 25 	 Name of Faculty: Dr. Anil Gaur 
Note: Attempt all the problems. Please attempt the parts of a problem at one place and 
start next problem from a new page. Calculator is permitted without graphing memory. 
Useful data: 
P[Z < 0] = 0.5, P[Z < 1.25] = 0.3944, P[Z < —1.25] = 0.1056, P[Z < 0.15625] = 0.0616, 
FEZ < —0.15625] = 0.4384, 
t12,0.05 = 1.782, t12,0.025 =  2.179, tii,o.os = 1.796, 
t11,0.025 = 
2.201 
1. (a) What is median? How one can find median for the discrete and continuous data? 	 (3) 
(b) State whether the following statement is true or false. (Marks will not be awarded without 
justification). "Median is more affected by sampling fluctuations as compared to arithmetic 
mean". 	 (2) 
2. A subway station station in a large city has 12 gates, six inbound (entering into the subway 
station) and six outbound (exiting the subway station). The number of gates open in each 
direction is observed at a particular time of day. Assume that each outcome of the sample 
space is equally likely. 
(a) Define the suitable sample space. 
(b) What is the probability that at most one gate is open in each direction? 
(c) What is the probability that at least one gate is open in each direction? 
(d) What is the probability that the number of gates open is the same in both direction? 
(e) What is the probability of the event that the total number of gates open is six? (2+1+1+1+1) 
3. Describe Binomial distributed random variable and its probability mass function. Also find 
its expected value and variance. 	 (6) 
4. The scores of an examination are assumed to be normally distributed with p =  75 and cr2  = 64. 
What is the probability that a score chosen at random will be greater than 85. 	 (3) 
5. The sodium content of twelve 300-gram boxes of organic cornflakes was determined. The data 
(in milligrams) are as follows: 131.15, 130.69, 130.91, 129.54, 129.54, 129.64, 128.77, 129.74, 
133.15, 130.92, 130.12, 128.24 
(a) Can you support a claim that mean sodium content of this brand cornflakes differs from 
130 milligrams? Use a = 0.05. 
	 (3) 
(b) Explain how the question in part (a) could be answered by constructing a confidence 
interval on the mean sodium content. 	 (2) 
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FAQs on Thapar University DMC007 Research Methodology PhD March 2015 Paper

1. What is the significance of research methodology in a PhD program?
Ans. Research methodology is a crucial aspect of a PhD program as it provides the framework for conducting the research. It helps in designing the research study, collecting and analyzing data, and drawing meaningful conclusions. A strong research methodology ensures the reliability and validity of the findings, making it an essential component of a PhD program.
2. What are the key components of a research methodology in a PhD program?
Ans. The key components of research methodology in a PhD program include selecting the research topic, formulating research questions or hypotheses, choosing the appropriate research design, selecting the sample population, collecting and analyzing data, and interpreting the findings. These components collectively contribute to the overall research process and provide a systematic approach to conducting the study.
3. How can one select the most appropriate research design for their PhD study?
Ans. Selecting the most appropriate research design for a PhD study requires careful consideration of various factors. These factors include the nature of the research problem, the research objectives, the available resources and time constraints, and the desired level of control over the variables. Common research designs include experimental, correlational, descriptive, and qualitative designs, each suited for specific research objectives.
4. What are the different methods of data collection in research methodology?
Ans. There are various methods of data collection in research methodology, including surveys, interviews, observations, experiments, and document analysis. Surveys involve administering questionnaires to a sample population, while interviews involve conducting structured or unstructured interviews with participants. Observations involve direct observation of behavior or phenomena, and experiments involve manipulating variables to observe their effects. Document analysis involves the systematic review and analysis of existing documents or records.
5. How can one ensure the reliability and validity of their research findings?
Ans. Ensuring the reliability and validity of research findings requires implementing rigorous research methods. Reliability refers to the consistency and stability of the results, while validity refers to the accuracy and truthfulness of the findings. To ensure reliability, researchers can use standardized measurement tools, conduct pilot studies, and establish inter-rater reliability. To ensure validity, researchers can use appropriate sampling techniques, employ valid and reliable measures, and apply appropriate statistical analyses to interpret the data accurately.
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