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1. What is viscosity and how is it defined?
Ans. Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. It is defined as the internal friction between different layers of a fluid as they slide past each other. It can also be understood as a measure of the thickness or stickiness of a fluid.
2. What are the units of viscosity?
Ans. The SI unit of viscosity is Pascal-second (Pa·s), which is equal to Newton-second per square meter (N·s/m²). However, the most commonly used unit of viscosity is the poise (P), where 1 poise is equal to 0.1 Pa·s.
3. How does temperature affect viscosity?
Ans. Temperature has a significant impact on viscosity. In general, as the temperature increases, the viscosity of most liquids decreases, making them flow more easily. This is because higher temperatures increase the kinetic energy of the fluid molecules, reducing their interactions and allowing them to move more freely.
4. What is the difference between dynamic and kinematic viscosity?
Ans. Dynamic viscosity refers to the measure of a fluid's resistance to shear or flow, and it is commonly represented by the symbol "η" (eta). On the other hand, kinematic viscosity is the ratio of dynamic viscosity to the density of the fluid, and it is represented by the symbol "ν" (nu). Kinematic viscosity helps in comparing the flow behavior of fluids with different densities.
5. How is viscosity measured experimentally?
Ans. Viscosity can be measured using various experimental methods. One common method is the capillary viscometer, where a fluid is allowed to flow through a capillary tube, and the time taken for a certain volume of fluid to flow is recorded. Another method is the rotational viscometer, where a sample of the fluid is subjected to a controlled rotational motion, and the torque required to maintain the rotation is measured.
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