Class 8 Exam > Class 8 Notes > NCERT Solutions - Industries, Geography, Class 8
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography Chapter 4 - Industries
NCERT TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS SOLVED
Q.1. Answer the following questions.
(i) What is meant by the term ‘industry’?
(ii) Which are the main factors which influence the location of an industry?
(iii) Which industry is often referred to as the backbone of modern industry and why?
(iv) Why cotton textile industry rapidly expanded in Mumbai?
(v) What are the similarities between information technology industry in Bangalore and California?
Ans. (i) Industry refers to an economic activity that is concerned with production of goods, extraction of minerals or provision of services.
(ii) The location of industries is affected by the availability of raw material, land, water, labour, power, capital, transport and market.
(iii) The iron and steel industry is referred to as the backbone of modern industry. This is so because it is a “feeder” industry whose products are used as raw materials for other industries.
(iv) Cotton textile industry expanded rapidly in Mumbai initially because of the presence of a lot of favourable conditions. Warm and moist climate, a port situated nearby to import machinery, easy availability of raw material and skilled labour were factors behind this.
(v) Some of the points of similarity between information technology industry in Bangalore and Silicon Valley are:
(a) Educational and technological institutions: Bangalore has the largest number of educational institutions and IT colleges in India and Silicon Valley is also situated close to some reputed scientific and technological centres of the world.
(b) Environment: Both of Bangalore and Silicon Valley have low pollution levels and have a clean environment.
Q.2. Tick the correct answer.
(i) Silicon Valley is located in
(a) Bangalore (b) California (c) Ahmedabad
Ans. (b)
(ii) Which one of the following industries is known as sunrise industry?
(a) Iron and steel industry (b) Cotton textile (c) Information Technology
Ans. (c),
(iii) Which one of the following is a natural fibre?
(a) nylon (b) jute (c) acrylic
Ans. (b).
Q.3. Distinguish between the followings.
(i) Agro-based and mineral-based industry
(ii) Public sector and joint sector industry
Ans. (i)
| Agro-based Industry | Mineral-based Industry |
| 1. Agro-based industries use plant and animal based products as their raw material. 2. Examples of raw materials used: animal skin, crops. 3. Examples of industries: leather industry, food processing. | 1. Mineral-based industries use mineral ores as their raw material. 2. Examples of raw materials used: iron ore, limestone. 3. Examples of industries: iron and steel industry. |
(ii)
| Public Sector Industry | Joint Sector Industry |
| 1. Public sector industries are owned and run by the government. 2. Examples: Hindustan Aeronautics Limited. | 1. Joint sector industries are owned and operated by the state as well as individuals. 2. Examples: Maruti Udyog. |
Q.4. Give two examples of each the following.
(i) Raw materials (ii) End products (iii) Tertiary activities
(iv) Agro-based industries (v) Cottage industries (vi) Co-operatives
Ans. (i) ores, plants. (ii) Clothes that we wear, a car. (iii) Trade, banking.
(iv) Food processing, leather industry. (v) Basket weaving, pottery. (vi) AMUL, Sudha Dairy.
FAQs on NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography Chapter 4 - Industries
| 1. What are the different types of industries mentioned in the NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography? |  |
Ans. The NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography mention three types of industries: primary industries, secondary industries, and tertiary industries. Primary industries involve the extraction and production of natural resources, such as farming, mining, and fishing. Secondary industries involve the processing and manufacturing of raw materials into finished products, such as textiles, automobiles, and electronics. Tertiary industries involve providing services to people and businesses, such as transportation, banking, and healthcare.
| 2. How are industries classified based on ownership? | |
Ans. Industries can be classified based on ownership into two categories: public sector industries and private sector industries. Public sector industries are owned and operated by the government, and they play a crucial role in the economic development of a country. Examples of public sector industries in India include Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), and Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL). Private sector industries, on the other hand, are owned and operated by private individuals or companies. They contribute significantly to employment generation and economic growth. Examples of private sector industries include Reliance Industries, Tata Motors, and Infosys.
| 3. What are the factors influencing the location of industries? | |
Ans. The location of industries is influenced by various factors, including availability of raw materials, proximity to markets, availability of labor, transportation facilities, power supply, and government policies. Industries tend to be located close to sources of raw materials to reduce transportation costs. Proximity to markets ensures easy access to customers and reduces transportation time and costs. Availability of skilled and cheap labor is another crucial factor as it affects production costs. Adequate transportation facilities, such as roads, railways, and ports, are necessary for the movement of goods. Availability of a reliable power supply is essential for uninterrupted production. Government policies, such as tax incentives and subsidies, also play a role in attracting industries to certain locations.
| 4. What are the environmental challenges faced by industries? | |
Ans. Industries often face various environmental challenges, including pollution, depletion of natural resources, and waste management. Industrial activities can lead to air, water, and soil pollution, which can have detrimental effects on human health and the environment. The excessive extraction of natural resources, such as water and minerals, can lead to their depletion and long-term environmental damage. Effective waste management is crucial to prevent the accumulation of hazardous waste and minimize its impact on the environment. Industries are increasingly adopting sustainable practices, such as recycling, waste treatment, and the use of renewable energy, to address these environmental challenges.
| 5. How do industries contribute to economic development? | |
Ans. Industries play a vital role in the economic development of a country. They contribute to GDP growth, employment generation, exports, and technological advancements. Industries generate income and revenue for the government through taxes and exports. They provide employment opportunities, both directly and indirectly, which helps reduce unemployment and poverty. Industries also contribute to technological advancements by investing in research and development, leading to innovation and productivity improvements. The growth of industries leads to the development of infrastructure, such as roads, ports, and power supply, which further supports economic development.
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