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LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q. 1. Explain the reaction of non-metals with oxygen with the help of an activity.
Ans. Take some amount of powdered sulphur in a deflagrating spoon and heat it. As soon as sulphur starts burning, introduce the spoon into a gas jar or glass tumbler with a lid to ensure that the gas produced does not escape. Add some amount of water into the tumbler and quickly replace the lid. Shake well. Test the solution with red and blue litmus papers.
We observe that solution changes the colour of blue litmus into red. It shows that nonmetallic oxides are acidic in nature.

Long Answers - Materials: Metals and Non-Metals, Science, Class 8

Q. 2. Name the acids and bases which you use in laboratory. Identify the metals or non-metals present in them which form oxides with oxygen.
Ans. Metals and Non-metals in Acids and Bases

S. No.	Name of the Base	Metal	Name of the Acid	Non-metal
1.	Calcium hydroxide	Calcium	Sulphuric acid	Sulphur
2.	Magnesium hydroxide	Magnesium	Hydrochloric acid	Chlorine
3.	Potassium hydroxide	Potassium	Nitric acid	Nitrogen
4.	Sodium hydroxide	Sodium	Carbonic acid	Carbon and Oxygen
5.	Zinc hydroxide	Zinc	Sulphurous acid	Sulphur.

Q. 3. Explain the reaction of metals and non-metals with acids with the help of an activity.
Ans. Take samples of metals and non‑metals in separate test tubes and label them A, B, C, D, E and F . With the help of a dropper add 5 ml of dilute hydrochloric acid to each test tube one by one. Observe the reaction carefully. If no reaction occurs in the cold solution, warm the test tube gently. Bring a burning matchstick near the mouth of each test tube.
Repeat the same activity using dilute sulphuric acid in place of dilute hydrochloric acid. Record your observation in a table:

Table: Reaction of Metals and Non-metals with Acids

Test tube Label	Metal/ Non-metal	Reaction with Dilute Hydrochloric Acid		Reaction with Dilute Sulphuric Acid
Test tube Label	Metal/ Non-metal	Room Temperature	Warm	Room Temperature	Warm
A	Magnesium (ribbon)	Reacts to give hydrogen	Rapid reaction	Reacts to give hydrogen	Rapid reaction
B	Aluminium (foil)	Reacts to give hydrogen	Rapid	Reacts to give hydrogen	Rapid
C	Iron (filings)	Reacts to give hydrogen	Rapid	Reacts to give hydrogen	Rapid
D	Copper (peeled flexible wire)	No reaction at all	No reaction	No reaction	Reacts to give hydrogen
E	Charcoal (Powder)	No reaction at all	No reaction	No reaction	No reaction
F	Sulphur (Powder)	Does not react at all	No reaction	No reaction	No reaction

Q. 4. Write the uses of metals and non-metals.
Ans. Uses of Metals:
(i) Metals are used in making machinery.
(ii) Metals are used in making automobiles, aeroplanes and trains.
(iii) They are used in making satellites.
(iv) They are used in making industrial gadgets, cooking utensils and water boilers.

Uses of non-metals:
(i) Non‑metal like oxygen is essential for our life which all living beings inhale during breathing.
(ii) They are used in fertilizers.
(iii) They are used in medicines as antiseptic.
(iv) They are used in crackers.

Q. 5. Write the differences between metals and non-metals on the basis of their physical properties.
Ans.

Metals	Non-metals
1. Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity 2. Metals are malleable and ductile 3. Metals are lustrous and can be polished. 4. Metals are solid, except mercury 5. Metals have generally high melting points and boiling points	1. Non-metals are poor conductors of heat and electricity 2. Non-metals are neither malleable nor ductile. 3. Non-metals are usually non-lustrous and cannot be polished. 4. Non-metals can exist in all states. 5. Non-metals generally have low melting points and boiling points.

Q. 6. Compare the metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties.
Ans.

Metals	Non-metals
1. Metals react with oxygen to produce oxides which are alkaline in nature. 2. Metals react with water differently to produce oxides and hydroxide. 3. Metals react with acid to produce hydrogen gas. 4. More reactive metals displace the less reactive metals from their compounds in an aqueous solution.	1. Non-metals react with oxygen to produce oxides which are basic in nature. 2. Non metals do not react with water. 3. Non-metals most of times do not react with acids. 4. Non-metals do not show any such action

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FAQs on Long Answers - Materials: Metals and Non-Metals, Science, Class 8

1. What are metals and non-metals?

Ans. Metals are elements that have properties like high electrical and thermal conductivity, malleability, ductility, and luster. Non-metals are elements that lack these properties and are generally poor conductors of heat and electricity.

2. What are some examples of metals and non-metals?

Ans. Examples of metals include iron, copper, gold, silver, and aluminum. Examples of non-metals include carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus.

3. How are metals and non-metals different in terms of their physical properties?

Ans. Metals are generally solid at room temperature, have a shiny appearance, are good conductors of heat and electricity, and are malleable and ductile. Non-metals, on the other hand, can exist in various states (solid, liquid, or gas), have a dull appearance, are poor conductors of heat and electricity, and are brittle.

4. What are the chemical properties of metals and non-metals?

Ans. Metals tend to lose electrons and form positive ions when they undergo chemical reactions. They have a tendency to react with oxygen to form metal oxides. Non-metals, on the other hand, tend to gain electrons and form negative ions when they react chemically. They have a tendency to react with oxygen to form non-metallic oxides.

5. How are metals and non-metals used in everyday life?

Ans. Metals have numerous applications in everyday life, such as in the construction of buildings, manufacturing of vehicles, production of electrical wires, and making of utensils. Non-metals are also used in various ways, like carbon being used in pencils, oxygen being essential for respiration, and sulfur being used in the production of fertilizers.

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