Solution of Linear Equations - Matrices and Determinants, Business Mathematics & Statistics | Business Mathematics and Statistics - B Com PDF Download

SOLUTION OF LINEAR EQUATIONS  unique solution given by X = A^-1B. Example 24 Solve using matrices the equations 2x- y = 3, 5x+y = 4. Solution :
The equations can be written in matrix form as





∴ The unique solution is given by



Example 25 Solve the equations 2x +8y +5z = 5, x +y +z = -2, x +2y -z = 2 by using matrix method.
Solution : The equations can be written in matrix form as




Now



Example 26 
A woman invested different amounts at 8%, 8 4 % and 9%, all at simple interest. Altogether she invested Rs. 40,000 and earns Rs. 3,455 per year. How much does she have invested at each rate if she has Rs. 4,000 more invested at 9% than at 8%? Solve by using matrices.

Solution :
Let x, y, z be the amounts in Rs. invested at 8%, 8 3 % and 4
9% respectively.
According to the problem,



The equations can be written in matrix form as 

∴ The unique solution is given by X = A^-1B We now find A^-1 .

Now,

Now,



Hence the amounts invested at 8%, 8 3 /4% and 9% are 4 Rs. 11,000, Rs. 14,000 and Rs. 15,000 respectively.

Solution by Determinant method (Cramer’s rule) Let the equations be
a₁ x + b₁ y + c, z = d₁ ,
a₂ x + b₂ y + c₂ z = d₂ ,
a₃ x + b₃ y + c₃ z = d₃ .



 

When Δ ≠ 0, the unique solution is given by



Example 27 Solve the equations x +2y +5z = 23, 3x +y +4z = 26, 6x +y +7z = 47 by determinant method.

Solution :
The equations are
x +2y +5z = 23
3x +y +4z = 26
6x +y +7z = 47



By Cramer's rule


Example 28 Solve the equations 2x-3y-1 = 0, 5x +2y -12 = 0 by Cramer’s rule.
Solution :
The equations are 2x - 3y = 1, 5x +2y = 12



By Cramer's rule


Example 29 A salesman hasthe following record ofsales during three months for three items A, B and C which have different rates of commission.


Find out the rates of commission on the items A, B and C. Solve by Cramer’s rule.

Solution :
Let x, y and z be the rates of commission in Rs. per unit for A, B and C items respectively.

According to the problem,
90x +100y +20z = 800
130x +50y +40z = 900
60x +100y +30z = 850

Dividing each of the equations by 10 throughout,
9x +10y + 2z = 80
13x + 5y + 4z = 90
6x + 10y + 3z = 85
 

Now,

By Cramer's rule



Hence the rates of commission for A, B and C are Rs. 2, Rs. 4 and Rs. 11 respectively.