CaSO4 : Sulfate Group
Class 10 Exam > Class 10 Notes > Chemical Formula and Equations of Compounds
Chemical Formula and Equations of Compounds - Class 10 PDF Download
Chemical Formula and Equations - What is a Chemical Formula?
Chemical Formulas are a type of shorthand for representing the elements in a compound. Element Symbols are included on the Periodic Table. Chemical symbols (Element symbols) from the periodic table are used for the individual elements e.g. H for hydrogen, C for carbon, O for oxygen, N for nitrogen, Ca for calcium and Na for Sodium. Substances that have two or more atoms bonded together, and therefore more than one element e.g. H2O are called compounds. See Examples of Compounds.
Chemical Formula and Equations - Subscripts
A chemical formula or equation shows the symbols of the elements in the compound and the ratio of the elements to one another. If a substance contains more than one atom of a particular element, this quantity is indicated in chemical formulas or equations using a subscript number after the element symbol.
The subscript number refers only to the element it immediately follows. For example, the chemical formula for water is H2O which indicates that 2 atoms of Hydrogen combines with 1 atom of oxygen.
How to write a Chemical Formula or Equation using Subscripts
To type or write a subscript for a chemical formula or equation just follow these simple instructions:
- Type in the formula or equation for example H2O
- Highlight the number
- Click Format
- Select Font... Decrease the font size of the number
- Under the heading Effects tick the Subscript Box
- The formula will now show the equation with the number in subscript - H2O
Chemical Formula and Equations - Examples and Meanings of Subscripts
For example, the chemical formula for water is H2O which indicates that 2 atoms of Hydrogen combines with 1 atom of oxygen. The chemical formula for sodium chloride (Salt) is NaCl indicating that one atom of sodium combines with one atom of chlorine in a one-to-one ratio. Subscripts are added, following the element symbol, to indicate that the number of atoms of that element in the compound if it is greater than one. For example, the formula for magnesium bromide MgBr2 which indicates that one magnesium atom combines with two bromine atoms.
Meanings and Examples of Chemical Formula and Equations
The following examples of Chemical Formula and Equations explain their meaning.
Example of Chemical Formula for Salt (Sodium Chloride) - NaCl
NaCl
Symbol Na indicates the element Sodium
Symbol Cl indicates the element Chlorine
No subscripts indicate only 1 atom for each element
Example of Chemical Formula for Water - H2O
H2O
Symbol H indicates the element Hydrogen
Symbol O indicates the element Oxygen
Subscript indicates 2 atoms of Hydrogen
Chemical Formula and Equations - Common Chemical Formula List
The following list of Chemical Formula and Equations shows some of the most common chemical formulas.
Na : Sodium
H2O : Water
C6H12O6 : Glucose
C2H6O : Alcohol
H2S : Hydrogen Sulfide
NaCl : Salt
O2 : Oxygen
C2H6O : Ethanol
C2H4O2 : Vinegar
NH3 : Ammonia
Mg : Magnesium
C2H4O2 : Acetic Acid
C4H10 : Butane
NO3− : Nitrate
Cu : Copper
N2 : Nitrogen
CO2 : Carbon Dioxide
H2SO4 : Sulfuric Acid
CH4 : Methane
C12H22O11 : Sucrose
C3H8 : Propane
NaHCO3 : Baking Soda
F : Fluoride
F2 : Fluoride
H2O2 : Peroxide
C8H10N4O2 : Caffeine
NaCl : Sodium Chloride
C9H8O4 : Aspirin
HCl : Hydrochloric Acid
Zn(NO3)2 : Zinc
CO : Carbon Monoxide
NaOH : Sodium Hydroxide
NaCN : Sodium Cyanide
Ca(CN)2 : Calcium Cyanide
Au : Gold
I : Iodine
Sn : Tin
C6H6 : Benzene
H2S : Hydrogen Sulfide
CH3COCH3 : Acetone
H3PO4 : Phosphoric Acid
C5H12 : Pentane
CH3OH : Methanol
HBr : Hydrobromic Acid
H2CO3 : Carbonic Acid
Ti : Titanium
NaClO : Sodium Hypochlorite
C2H6 : Ethane
(NH4)2SO4 : Ammonium Sulfate
C8H18 : Octane
CuSO4 : Copper Sulfate
C27H46O : Cholesterol
C7H6O2 : Benzoic Acid
H2SO3 : Sulfurous Acid
C6H12O6 : Galactose
C6H8O6 : Ascorbic Acid
CO2 : Dry Ice
NaNO3 : Sodium Nitrate
CaO : Calcium Oxide
HIO3 : Iodic Acid
C3H6O3 : Lactic Acid
MgBr2 : Lactic Acid
H2O : Water Vapor
C : Carbon
H : Hydrogen
CnH2nOn : Sugar
O4S2- : Sulfate
N2O : Nitrogen
C6H8O7 : Citric Acid
C8H18 : Octane
C10H16O : Camphor
AgI : Silver Oxide
As4O3 : Arsenic Trioxide
Au2O3 : Gold Trioxide
Au2S : Gold Sulfide
Br2 : Bromine
Al2O3 : Aluminium foil
FAQs on Chemical Formula and Equations of Compounds - Class 10
| 1. What is a chemical formula? |  |
A chemical formula is a representation of a compound that shows the types and numbers of atoms present in the compound. It consists of chemical symbols for the elements and subscript numbers to indicate the number of atoms of each element in the compound. For example, the chemical formula for water is H2O, which means it consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
| 2. What is a chemical equation? | |
A chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. It shows the reactants on the left side of the equation and the products on the right side, separated by an arrow. The chemical formulas of the substances involved in the reaction are written as per the law of conservation of mass, which means the total number of atoms of each element must be the same on both sides of the equation.
| 3. How do you balance a chemical equation? | |
To balance a chemical equation, you need to ensure that the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation. The balancing is done by adjusting the coefficients (numbers in front of the formulas) of the reactants and products. The basic steps to balance an equation are:
1. Write down the unbalanced equation.
2. Count the number of atoms of each element on both sides.
3. Start balancing with the elements that appear in the fewest compounds.
4. Adjust the coefficients by using the lowest common multiple to ensure equal numbers of atoms.
5. Repeat this process until all elements are balanced.
| 4. What are the different types of chemical formulas? | |
There are different types of chemical formulas that represent compounds:
1. Empirical Formula: It shows the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound.
2. Molecular Formula: It shows the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule.
3. Structural Formula: It shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule and how they are bonded.
4. Condensed Formula: It represents the atoms in a molecule in a more compact and simplified way.
5. Skeletal Formula: It uses lines to represent the bonds between atoms and omits the symbols for carbon and hydrogen.
| 5. Why are chemical formulas and equations important in chemistry? | |
Chemical formulas and equations are important in chemistry because they provide a concise and standardized way to represent compounds and chemical reactions. They allow chemists to communicate and understand the composition and behavior of substances. Chemical formulas help in determining the stoichiometry (the ratio of elements) in a compound, while chemical equations provide information about reactants, products, and the quantities involved in a reaction. They are essential for studying and predicting chemical reactions, as well as for various applications in industries and research.
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