Capital Budgeting Process - Accountancy and Financial Management | Accountancy and Financial Management - B Com PDF Download

Capital Budgeting Process

Capital budgeting is adifficult process to the investment of available funds. The benefit will attained only in the near future but,the future is uncertain. However,the following steps followedfor capital budgeting,thentheprocess maybe easierare.

Fig. Capital Budgeting Process

1. Identification of various investments proposals: The capital budgeting may have various investment proposals. The proposal for the investment opportunities may be defined from the top management or may be even from the lower rank. The heads of various department analyse the various investment decisions, and will select proposals submitted to the planning committee of competent authority.

2. Screening or matching the proposals: The planning committee will analyse the various proposals and screenings. The selected proposals are considered with the available resources of the concern. Here resources referred as the financial part of the proposal. This reduces the gap between the resources and the investment cost.

3. Evaluation: After screening, the proposals are evaluated with the help of various methods, such as pay back period proposal, net discovered present value method, accounting rate of return and risk analysis. Each method of evaluation used in detail in the later part of this chapter. The proposals are evaluated by.

(a) Independent proposals
(b) Contingent of dependent proposals
(c) Partially exclusive proposals.

Independent proposals are not compared with another proposals and the same may be accepted or rejected. Whereas higher proposals acceptance depends upon the other one or more proposals. For example, the expansion of plant machinery leads to constructing of new building, additional manpower etc. Mutually exclusive projects are those which competed with other proposals and to implement the proposals after considering the risk and return, market demand etc.

4. Fixing property: After the evolution, the planning committee will predict which proposals will give more profit or economic consideration. If the projects or proposals are not suitable for the concern’s financial condition, the projects are rejected without considering other nature of the proposals.

5. Final approval: The planning committee approves the final proposals, with the help of the following:

(a) Profitability
(b) Economic constituents
(c) Financial violability
(d) Market conditions

The planning committee prepares the cost estimation and submits to the management.

6. Implementing: The competent autherity spends the money and implements the proposals. While implementing the proposals, assign responsibilities to the proposals, assign responsibilities for completing it, within the time allotted and reduce the cost for this purpose. The network techniques used such as PERT and CPM. It helps the management for monitoring and containing the implementation of the proposals.

7. Performance review of feedback: The final stage of capital budgeting is actual results compared with the standard results. The adverse or unfavourable results identified and removing the various difficulties of the project. This is helpful for the future of the proposals.