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Biot-Savart's Law - Magnetism, Electromagnetic Theory, CSIR-NET Physical Sciences | Physics for IIT JAM, UGC - NET, CSIR NET PDF Download

Biot-Savart Law

The Biot-Savart Law relates magnetic fields to the currents which are their sources. In a similar manner, Coulomb's law relates electric fields to the point charges which are their sources. Finding the magnetic field resulting from a current distribution involves the vector product, and is inherently a calculus problem when the distance from the current to the field point is continuously changing.

Biot-Savart`s Law - Magnetism, Electromagnetic Theory, CSIR-NET Physical Sciences | Physics for IIT JAM, UGC - NET, CSIR NET

See the magnetic field sketched for the straight wire to see the geometry of the magnetic field of a current.


Magnetic field contribution of a current element

Each infinitesmal current element makes a contribution to the magnetic fieldat point P which is perpendicular to the current element, and perpendicular to the radius vector from the current element to the field point P.

Biot-Savart`s Law - Magnetism, Electromagnetic Theory, CSIR-NET Physical Sciences | Physics for IIT JAM, UGC - NET, CSIR NET

The relationship between the magnetic field contribution and its source current element is called the Biot-Savart law.

The direction of the magnetic field contribution follows the right hand rule illustrated for a straight wire. This direction arises from the vector product nature of the dependence upon electric current.

 

Biot-Savart Law Applications

Some examples of geometries where the Biot-Savart law can be used to advantage in calculating the magnetic field resulting from an electric currentdistribution.

Biot-Savart`s Law - Magnetism, Electromagnetic Theory, CSIR-NET Physical Sciences | Physics for IIT JAM, UGC - NET, CSIR NET

The document Biot-Savart's Law - Magnetism, Electromagnetic Theory, CSIR-NET Physical Sciences | Physics for IIT JAM, UGC - NET, CSIR NET is a part of the Physics Course Physics for IIT JAM, UGC - NET, CSIR NET.
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FAQs on Biot-Savart's Law - Magnetism, Electromagnetic Theory, CSIR-NET Physical Sciences - Physics for IIT JAM, UGC - NET, CSIR NET

1. What is Biot-Savart's Law?
Ans. Biot-Savart's Law is a fundamental law in electromagnetism that describes the magnetic field produced by a current-carrying wire or a current element. It states that the magnetic field at a point in space due to a small length of current-carrying wire is directly proportional to the current, the length of the wire segment, the sine of the angle between the wire segment and the line joining the point to the wire, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the point and the wire.
2. How is Biot-Savart's Law related to magnetism?
Ans. Biot-Savart's Law is directly related to magnetism as it provides a mathematical expression for calculating the magnetic field produced by a current-carrying wire. It helps us understand the relationship between electric currents and magnetic fields, which is crucial in electromagnetism. By applying Biot-Savart's Law, we can determine the magnetic field strength and direction at any point in space due to a given current distribution.
3. What is the significance of Biot-Savart's Law in electromagnetic theory?
Ans. Biot-Savart's Law is of significant importance in electromagnetic theory as it lays the foundation for understanding the magnetic field produced by electric currents. It is one of the basic laws used in the study of electromagnetism and finds applications in various fields, including electrical engineering, physics, and magnetism. By applying Biot-Savart's Law, we can analyze and predict the behavior of magnetic fields in different scenarios involving current-carrying conductors.
4. How is Biot-Savart's Law relevant to the CSIR-NET Physical Sciences Physics exam?
Ans. Biot-Savart's Law is a fundamental concept in physics, specifically in the field of electromagnetism, which is an important topic covered in the CSIR-NET Physical Sciences Physics exam. Understanding and applying Biot-Savart's Law is essential for solving problems related to magnetic fields and current distributions. Questions related to Biot-Savart's Law may be asked to assess the candidate's knowledge and understanding of electromagnetism.
5. Can you give an example of how Biot-Savart's Law can be used to calculate the magnetic field?
Ans. Yes, consider a long straight wire carrying a current I. To calculate the magnetic field at a point P located at a distance r from the wire, we can use Biot-Savart's Law. By considering a small length element dl of the wire, we can calculate the magnetic field contribution due to this element at point P using the formula d𝐵 = (μ₀/4𝜋) × (𝐼 × dl × sinθ) / r², where μ₀ is the permeability of free space and θ is the angle between dl and the line joining dl to P. By integrating the contributions from all the elements along the wire, we can determine the total magnetic field at point P. This example demonstrates how Biot-Savart's Law can be used to calculate magnetic fields in various scenarios.
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