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Facts that Matter

  • We know that experimental (or empirical) probabilities of events are based on the results of actual experiments.
  • If we perform the same experiment for different number of times, we get different data giving different probability.
  • Facts that Matter: Probability | Mathematics (Maths) Class 10

where, P(E) is the experimental (or empirical probability).

Remember: 
(i) The experimental or empirical probability of an event is based on what has actually happened whereas the theoretical probability of the event tries to predict what will happen on the basis of certain assumptions.
(ii) An experiment in which all possible outcomes are known in advance and the exact outcome of specific event cannot be predicted in advance, is called a random experiment. The word random means “all outcomes have equal chances of occurrence.“
(iii) Performing a random experiment is trial.
(iv) Die is a solid cube having six faces marked as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 respectively. Plural of die is dice.
(v) Events are said to be equally likely, if under the given condition, we cannot prefer one event to another event.
(vi) Favourable outcomes are those which result in occurrence of an event in question.
(vii) A pack of playing cards consists of four suits:
Facts that Matter: Probability | Mathematics (Maths) Class 10
Each suit has 13 cards (⇒ total cards 52).
Kings, Queens and Jacks are called Face-cards.
(⇒ There are 12-face cards in a pack)
(viii) If we toss a coin, two outcomes are possible : Head or Tail.
(ix) Probability of an impossible event = 0.
(x) Probability of a sure event = 1.
(xi) Probability of a possible event can be between 0 and 1.

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FAQs on Facts that Matter: Probability - Mathematics (Maths) Class 10

1. What is the definition of probability in statistics?
Ans.Probability is a measure of the likelihood that an event will occur. It is quantified as a number between 0 and 1, where 0 indicates that the event cannot happen, and 1 indicates certainty that the event will happen.
2. How do you calculate the probability of a single event?
Ans.To calculate the probability of a single event, you divide the number of favorable outcomes by the total number of possible outcomes. The formula is P(A) = Number of favorable outcomes / Total number of outcomes.
3. What is the difference between independent and dependent events in probability?
Ans.Independent events are those whose outcomes do not affect each other, meaning the occurrence of one does not change the probability of the other. Dependent events, on the other hand, are those where the outcome of one event affects the outcome of another.
4. Can you explain what a probability distribution is?
Ans.A probability distribution is a statistical function that describes the likelihood of obtaining the possible values that a random variable can take. It provides a comprehensive overview of the probabilities of all possible outcomes within a defined sample space.
5. What are some common applications of probability in real life?
Ans.Probability has numerous applications in real life, including in fields such as finance for risk assessment, in healthcare for predicting disease outbreaks, in sports for analyzing player performance, and in everyday decision-making processes.
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