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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry (Exercise 7.4)

Q1. Determine the ratio in which the line 2x + y - 4 = 0 divides the line segment joining the points A (2, −2) and B (3, 7).
Ans: Let the given line divide the line segment joining the points A(2, −2) and B(3, 7) in a ratio k:1.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry (Exercise 7.4)Coordinates of the point of division NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry (Exercise 7.4)
This point also lies on 2x + y − 4 = 0
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry (Exercise 7.4)
Therefore, the ratio in which the line 2x + y − 4 = 0 divides the line segment joining the points A(2, −2) and B(3, 7) is 2:9.

Q2. Find a relation between x and y if the points (x, y), (1, 2) and (7, 0) are collinear.
Ans: If the given points are collinear, then the area of triangle formed by these points will be 0.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry (Exercise 7.4)
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry (Exercise 7.4)
This is the required relation between x and y.

Q3. Find the centre of a circle passing through the points (6, −6), (3, −7) and (3, 3).
Ans: Let O (x, y) be the centre of the circle. And let the points (6, −6), (3, −7), and (3, 3) be representing the points A, B, and C on the circumference of the circle.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry (Exercise 7.4)
However, OA = OB   (Radii of the same circle)
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry (Exercise 7.4)
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry (Exercise 7.4)
On adding equation (1) and (2), we obtain
10y = −20
y = −2
From equation (1), we obtain
3x − 2 = 7
3x = 9
x = 3
Therefore, the centre of the circle is (3, −2).

Q4. The two opposite vertices of a square are (−1, 2) and (3, 2). Find the coordinates of the other two vertices.
Ans: 

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry (Exercise 7.4)

Let ABCD be a square having (−1, 2) and (3, 2) as vertices A and C respectively. Let (x, y), (x1, y1) be the coordinate of vertex B and D respectively.
We know that the sides of a square are equal to each other.
∴ AB = BC
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry (Exercise 7.4)
We know that in a square, all interior angles are of 90°.
In ΔABC,
AB2 + BC2 = AC2
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry (Exercise 7.4)
⇒ 4 + y2 + 4 − 4y + 4 + y2 − 4y + 4 = 16
⇒ 2y2 + 16 − 8y = 16
⇒ 2y2 − 8y = 0
⇒ y (y − 4) = 0
⇒ y = 0 or 4
We know that in a square, the diagonals are of equal length and bisect each other at 90°. Let O be the mid-point of AC. Therefore, it will also be the mid-point of BD.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry (Exercise 7.4)
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry (Exercise 7.4)
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry (Exercise 7.4)
⇒ y + y1 = 4
If y = 0,
y1 = 4
If y = 4,
y1 = 0
Therefore, the required coordinates are (1, 0) and (1, 4).

Q5. The Class X students of a secondary school in Krishinagar have been allotted a rectangular plot of land for their gardening activity. Saplings of Gulmohar are planted on the boundary at a distance of 1 m from each other. There is a triangular grassy lawn in the plot as shown in the Fig. The students are to sow seeds of flowering plants on the remaining area of the plot.
(i) Taking A as origin, find the coordinates of the vertices of the triangle.
(ii) What will be the coordinates of the vertices of Δ PQR if C is the origin?
Also calculate the areas of the triangles in these cases. What do you observe?

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry (Exercise 7.4)Ans: (i) Taking A as origin, we will take AD as x-axis and AB as y-axis. It can be observed that the coordinates of point P, Q, and R are (4, 6), (3, 2), and (6, 5) respectively.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry (Exercise 7.4)
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry (Exercise 7.4)
(ii) Taking C as origin, CB as x-axis, and CD as y-axis, the coordinates of vertices P, Q, and R are (12, 2), (13, 6), and (10, 3) respectively.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry (Exercise 7.4)
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry (Exercise 7.4)
It can be observed that the area of the triangle is same in both the cases.

Q6. The vertices of a ΔABC are A (4, 6), B (1, 5) and C (7, 2). A line is drawn to intersect sides AB and AC at D and E respectively, such that  NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry (Exercise 7.4) Calculate the area of the ΔADE and compare it with the area of ΔABC. (Recall Theorem 6.2 and Theorem 6.6).

Ans:

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry (Exercise 7.4)NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry (Exercise 7.4)
Therefore, D and E are two points on side AB and AC respectively such that they divide side AB and AC in a ratio of 1:3.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry (Exercise 7.4)
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry (Exercise 7.4)
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry (Exercise 7.4)
Clearly, the ratio between the areas of ΔADE and ΔABC is 1:16.
Alternatively,
We know that if a line segment in a triangle divides its two sides in the same ratio, then the line segment is parallel to the third side of the triangle. These two triangles so formed (here ΔADE and ΔABC) will be similar to each other.
Hence, the ratio between the areas of these two triangles will be the square of the ratio between the sides of these two triangles.
Therefore, ratio between the areas of ΔADE and ΔABC = (1/4)2 = 1/16

Q7. Let A (4, 2), B (6, 5) and C (1, 4) be the vertices of Δ ABC.
(i) The median from A meets BC at D. Find the coordinates of the point D.
(ii) Find the coordinates of the point P on AD such that AP : PD = 2 : 1.
(iii) Find the coordinates of points Q and R on medians BE and CF respectively such that BQ : QE = 2 : 1 and CR : RF = 2 : 1.
(iv) What do you observe? 
[Note: The point which is common to all the three medians is called the centroid and this point divides each median in the ratio 2 : 1.]
(v) If A (x1, y1), B (x2, y2) and C (x3, y3) are the vertices of ΔABC, find the coordinates of the centroid of the triangle.
Ans: 

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry (Exercise 7.4)(i) Median AD of the triangle will divide the side BC in two equal parts.
Therefore, D is the mid-point of side BC.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry (Exercise 7.4)
(ii) Point P divides the side AD in a ratio 2:1.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry (Exercise 7.4)
(iii) Median BE of the triangle will divide the side AC in two equal parts.
Therefore, E is the mid-point of side AC.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry (Exercise 7.4)
Point Q divides the side BE in a ratio 2:1.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry (Exercise 7.4)
Median CF of the triangle will divide the side AB in two equal parts. Therefore, F is the mid-point of side AB.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry (Exercise 7.4)
Point R divides the side CF in a ratio 2:1.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry (Exercise 7.4)
(iv) It can be observed that the coordinates of point P, Q, R are the same.
Therefore, all these are representing the same point on the plane i.e., the centroid of the triangle.
(v) Consider a triangle, ΔABC, having its vertices as A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2), and C(x3, y3).
Median AD of the triangle will divide the side BC in two equal parts. Therefore, D is the mid-point of side BC.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry (Exercise 7.4)
Let the centroid of this triangle be O.
Point O divides the side AD in a ratio 2:1.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry (Exercise 7.4)
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry (Exercise 7.4)

Q8. ABCD is a rectangle formed by the points A (−1, −1), B (−1, 4), C (5, 4) and D (5, −1). P, Q, R and S are the mid points of AB, BC, CD and DA respectively. Is the quadrilateral PQRS a square? a rectangle? or a rhombus?

Ans:NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry (Exercise 7.4)NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry (Exercise 7.4)
Similarly, the Coordinates Of Q, R and S are NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry (Exercise 7.4)
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry (Exercise 7.4)
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry (Exercise 7.4)
It can be observed that all sides of the given quadrilateral are of the same measure. However, the diagonals are of different lengths. Therefore, PQRS is a rhombus.

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FAQs on NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry (Exercise 7.4)

1. What is coordinate geometry?
Ans. Coordinate geometry is a branch of mathematics that deals with the study of geometry using coordinate systems. It combines algebraic equations and geometric principles to solve problems related to points, lines, shapes, and their relationships using numerical coordinates.
2. How are coordinates represented in coordinate geometry?
Ans. In coordinate geometry, coordinates are represented as ordered pairs (x, y) on a coordinate plane. The x-coordinate represents the horizontal position of a point, while the y-coordinate represents its vertical position. These coordinates help in locating and describing the position of points in a plane.
3. What is the formula for distance between two points in coordinate geometry?
Ans. The formula for the distance between two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) in coordinate geometry is given by the distance formula: √[(x2 - x1)^2 + (y2 - y1)^2]. This formula calculates the straight-line distance between the two points on a coordinate plane.
4. How can we find the midpoint of a line segment in coordinate geometry?
Ans. To find the midpoint of a line segment with endpoints (x1, y1) and (x2, y2), we can use the midpoint formula: ((x1 + x2)/2, (y1 + y2)/2). This formula calculates the average of the x-coordinates and the average of the y-coordinates of the endpoints, giving us the coordinates of the midpoint.
5. What is the slope of a line in coordinate geometry?
Ans. The slope of a line in coordinate geometry represents its steepness or inclination. It is calculated as the ratio of the vertical change (rise) to the horizontal change (run) between any two points on the line. The slope formula is given by: (y2 - y1)/(x2 - x1), where (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) are two points on the line.
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