Class 12 Exam > Class 12 Notes > Human Geography
Human Geography - Class 12 PDF Download
Geography- The description of the earth.
- Physical geography: Geography as an earth science. Study the pattern and processes of the natural environment.Biogeography/ climatology and meteorology/ coastal geography/ environmental management/ geomorphology/ hydrography and hydrology/ pedology/ oceanography etc.
- Human geography: Study the pattern and processes that shape the human society. Inter-relationship between physical and socio-cultural environment. Social geography/ cultural geography/ development geography/ economic geography/ political geography and geopolitics/ population geography/ transportation geography/ urban geography.
Dualism: Two aspects of a single subject. Two views in geography. Though nature and human are inseparable elements and should be seen holistically.
Metaphors: ‘Face’ of the earth, ‘eye’ of the storm, ‘mouth’ of the river, ‘snout’ of the glacier etc.
Nature of Human Geography: Studies the inter-relationship between the physical environment and socio-cultural environment created by human beings. Physical environment has been modified by human beings and in turn, impacted on human lives.
Naturalisation of Human and Humanisation of Nature: Human can develop technologies after they developed a better understanding of natural laws.
Environmental Determinism: Ellsworth Huntington
The culture of any place can be determined by physical environment. ‘Naturalised human’.
Ex: Central part of Africa- very hot, very few resources, less economic development
Environmental Possibilism: Vidal-de-la-Blach
Culture is determined by social condition.
Ex: Japan
Neo-determinism: Griffith Taylor, Stop and go determinism. Middle path.
Possibility can be created within the limit without the damaged of the environment. Sustainable development.
Development of Human Geography: Late 15th century. The Age of Discovery.
Various schools of thought:
- Welfare or Humanistic School: The Social well-being of the people such as housing, health, and education.
- Radical School: Marxian theory to explain the basic cause of poverty, deprivation, and social inequality.
- Behavioural School: Perception of space by social categories based on ethnicity, race, and religion.
FAQs on Human Geography - Class 12
| 1. What is human geography? |  |
Ans. Human geography is a branch of geography that focuses on the study of human activities, cultures, societies, and their interactions with the environment. It examines how people interact with their environment, the distribution of population, migration patterns, urban development, and the impact of human activities on the Earth's surface.
| 2. How is human geography different from physical geography? | |
Ans. While human geography focuses on human activities and their interaction with the environment, physical geography studies the natural features of the Earth, such as landforms, climate, vegetation, and ecosystems. Human geography primarily examines social, economic, and cultural aspects, whereas physical geography is more concerned with the physical characteristics of the Earth.
| 3. What are the main subfields of human geography? | |
Ans. Human geography consists of several subfields, including cultural geography, economic geography, political geography, urban geography, population geography, and social geography. Each subfield explores different aspects of human activities and their spatial patterns.
| 4. How does human geography contribute to understanding global issues? | |
Ans. Human geography provides insights into various global issues by studying how human activities impact the environment, societies, and economies. It helps understand patterns of population growth, migration, urbanization, and resource distribution, which are crucial for addressing challenges such as climate change, poverty, inequality, and sustainable development.
| 5. What career opportunities are available for human geography graduates? | |
Ans. Human geography graduates can pursue various career paths. They can work in urban planning, environmental management, market research, international development, social services, teaching, and research. They can also find employment in government agencies, non-profit organizations, consulting firms, and academic institutions. The skills acquired in human geography, such as spatial analysis and critical thinking, are highly valued in a wide range of professions.
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Nov 23, 2024 Last updated |
Document Description: Human Geography for Class 12 2024 is part of Class 12 preparation. The notes and questions for Human Geography have been prepared according to the Class 12 exam syllabus. Information about Human Geography covers topics like and Human Geography Example, for Class 12 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Human Geography.
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