Non Finites NCERT Solutions | English Grammar (Communicative) Interact In English Class 10 PDF Download

A.1. Read the items given below. Some are sentences and have a finite verb. Others are phrases and have a non-finite verb. Write S for sentences and P for phrases in the boxes provided.

1. Subroto is playing with my brother.  
2. Playing the piano.                              
3. Trees fallen on the road                     
4. Rohan fell down and hurt himself.    
5. The medals won by our house          
6. This year we won the gold medal.    
7. Hanging on a silver chain                  
8. Sheetal is hanging the decorations in the room.      
9. It is impossible to ignore the beggars on the roads. 
10. Ignoring my warnings                        
11. I swim for an hour daily.                    
12. To swim in the pool                           

Answers:-

1. Subroto is playing with my brother.-  S
2. Playing the piano.                         -     P
3. Trees fallen on the road                 -    P
4. Rohan fell down and hurt himself.-    S
5. The medals won by our house       -    P
6. This year we won the gold medal.   -  S
7. Hanging on a silver chain              -    P
8. Sheetal is hanging the decorations in the room.  -    S
9. It is impossible to ignore the beggars on the roads. -S
10. Ignoring my warnings                -        P
11. I swim for an hour daily.             -       S
12. To swim in the pool                    -       P

A.2. Now read the items again. Circle the non-finite verbs. Write them in the box below. How many types of non-finite verbs do you have? 

Answer: Three type of non-finite verbs: Gerunds, Infinitives, Particples
 Playing, fallen, won, Hanging, Ignoring, To swim

A.3 Look at the pictures (from book) and complete the story below them, using an appropriate form of one of the verbs in the box below.'

One night Bhola, while + ______________________ the sky from his verandah, heard a strange sound. Just about + _______________ in the forest nearby was a spacecraft. Next day the people of the town were + ___________ away from their homes, frightened by the strange creatures who had landed in their midst. The intruders ran all over the town, + __________________ food, money and all that they could lay their hands on. Scared out of his wits, Bhola hid in the bushes. +____________ through his binoculars, Bhola * _________ one of the intruders + ____________ into a box. On + __________ a small mouse + ________ out of the box, the intruder * ____________ off in terror. This gave Bhola an idea. He spent the next day +_______________ for mice.

Next morning Bhola * ____________________ a cage full of mice to the spacecraft and set them free. On +______________________ the mice, the intruders were too frightened + __________________ on Earth any longer, and they * _______________ in their spacecraft immediately.

Answer:
One night Bhola, while + _watching_ the sky from his verandah, heard a strange sound. Just about + _to land_ in the forest nearby was a spacecraft. Next day the people of the town were + _running_ away from their homes, frightened by the strange creatures who had landed in their midst. The intruders ran all over the town, + _stealing_ food, money and all that they could lay their hands on. Scared out of his wits, Bhola hid in the bushes. +_Looking_ through his binoculars, Bhola * _saw_ one of  the intruders + _peering__ into a box. On + _finding__ a small mouse + _jumping__ out of the box, the intruder * _sped_ off in terror. This gave Bhola an idea. He spent the next day +_searching_ for mice.

Next morning Bhola * _took/left_ a cage full of mice to the spacecraft and set them free. On +_seeing_ the mice, the intruders were too frightened + _to stay_ on Earth any longer, and they * _ran/left__ in their spacecraft immediately.

A. 4 Now put the verbs you have just filled in above, in column A (verbs marked +) and B (verbs marked*) below.

Answer:

Study the verbs given in Column A and Column B. How do they differ from each other?

The verbs in Column A are not controlled by the number, person and tense of their subject. Therefore they are …Non-Finites…..
The verbs in Column B are controlled by the number, person and tense of their subject. Therefore they are …Finite Verbs..
What are the verbs in Column A called ? - Non-Finites

A. 5 Here is part of a letter that Anuradha wrote to Raji about her experience in a city that she was visiting. Complete the letter using suitable nonfinites. 

When I saw a beggar _____________ near the Big Temple, I decided to help him. But when the other beggars saw me ___________ him some money, they started
 __________ around me. I was a little embarrassed and __________ the menace, I entered a hotel nearby. The manager of the hotel made me __________ the need for caution while _________ beggars. After _______ me, he went on to ask me if I would like ____________ a guide _________ me round the city. I politely refused his offer of help and went back to my own hotel.

Answer: 

When I saw a beggar _sitting__ near the Big Temple, I decided to help him. But when the other beggars saw me _donating/giving__ him some money, they started _flocking/gathering___ around me. I was a little embarrassed and __to avoid _ the menace, I entered a hotel nearby. The manager of the hotel made me _aware__ the need for caution while _evading_ beggars. After _escorting__ me, he went on to ask me if I would like _to take__ a guide _assist__ me round the city. I politely refused his offer of help and went back to my own hotel.

A.6. Given below is an extract from the story The Iron Man and The Space Being. Complete the story using suitable non-finite verbs. You may choose words from the box given below.

 worry , change  ,  peer ,     hit   ,   frighten  ,   blaze

One day there came some strange news. Everybody was talking about it. Round eyes, busy mouths, ........................... voices - everybody was talking about it.

One of the stars of the night sky had begun ........................... This star had always been a very tiny star, of no importance at all. It had shone up there for billions and trillions and zillions of years in the Constellation of Orion. In all its time this tiny star had never changed in any way.

Now suddenly, it began to get bigger. Astronomers, ........................... through their telescopes, noticed it first. They watched it with ............. frowns.

The tiny star was definitely getting bigger. And not just bigger. But bigger and bigger and Bigger. Each night it was BIGGER. Bigger than the Dog-star, the large, coloured twinkler at the heel of the Hunter Orion.

Bigger than Jupiter, the great ........................... planet. Everybody could see it clearly, night after night, as it grew and Grew and GREW. They stared up with frightened faces.

Till at last it hung there in the sky over the world, blazing down, the size of the moon, a deep gloomy red. And now there could be only one explanation. Thestar was getting bigger because it was getting nearer. And nearer and Nearer and, NEARER.

It was rushing towards the world.
Faster than a bullet:
Faster than any rocket.
Faster even than a meteorite.

And if it hit the world at that speed why, the whole world would simply be blasted to bits in the twinkling of an eye. It would be like an express train ........................... a bowl of goldfish.
No wonder the people stared up with frightened faces. No wonder the astronomers watched it through their telescopes with worried frowns.

Answer:  

1. frightened voices
2. begun to change
3. peering through
4. worried frowns
5. blazing planet
6. hitting a bowl

A.7. While reading a magazine advertising home products, Sakshi Aggarwal came across an advertisement for a stain remover called Dr Clean. She decided to buy the product but it caused more harm than good. Complete the letter of complaint she writes to the company using appropriate words.

Dear Sir
I wish______1__________ to your notice the ridiculous product you have recently launched. I saw a TV advertisement for Dr Clean and its ability _______2_________ '99 top stains'. I bought the product and __3______________ the least, I regret the money I spent on it.
You claim that your Dr Clean stain removal keeps clothes in wearable condition for a long time and thus helps reduce clothing costs. However, let me tell you what happened when I tried _______4_________ a stain left by tea from my shirt.

________5________ the stain remover on the stain does seem to make the stain fainter temporarily. But here is the problem: a little after you have sprayed Dr
Clean on the fabric, the area around the stain seems to melt away. Soon, there is no stain. In fact, there is a hole where the stain was!
Surely this is NOT what you meant when you advertised The stain will no longer be visible to the naked eye?
Yours truly
A Disillusioned Customer

Answer:

1. wish to bring
2. to remove
3. to say the least
4. to remove a stain
5. Spraying the stain remover

B.2 Underline the present participle and circle the noun it describes in the following sentences as shown in the example above.

a) The policeman saw a thief escaping on a motorbike.
 b) Hearing a loud sound, the students rushed out of the classroom.
 c) I can hear the school choir practicing in the auditorium.
 d) The player was happy seeing that his opponent was growing tired.

Answer:  

a) The policeman saw a thief escaping on a motorbike.
b) Hearing a loud sound, the students rushed out of the classroom.
c) I can hear the school choir practicing in the auditorium.
d) The player was happy seeing that his opponent was growing tired.

B.3 Fill in the blanks using the correct from of the words given in the box below.

fear, cheat, hear, assess, quiver, tremble

When the teacher caught the boy __________ in the examination, he stood there __________ and _____________. ____________ the loud admonition of the teacher, the headmaster rushed in. The boy started to cry __________ that he would be expelled from the school. _____________ the situation very quickly, the headmaster asked the boy to follow him to his room.

Answer: 

When the teacher caught the boy _cheating_ in the examination, he stood there _trembling__ and _quivering__. _Hearing_ the loud admonition of the teacher, the headmaster rushed in. The boy started to cry _fearing_ that he would be expelled from the school. _Assessing_ the situation very quickly, the headmaster asked the boy to follow him to his room.

B. 5 Complete the sentences using 'ing' form of the verbs from the box.

apply , buy ,use  ,  meet , clean, wait

1. The doctor advised Neelam to avoid ___ ghee as a cooking medium.
2. I have had to put off ____ a scooter for my son until he completes his college studies.
3. How about _____ for the post of teacher in the neighbouring school?
4. By the time we finished ___ the house, the children had become hungry.
5. She went around ____ all the tenants in the apartment house, canvassing support for her cleanliness campaign.
6. I am afraid the doctor is busy now. Would you mind ___ a few minutes?

Answer:

1. The doctor advised Neelam to avoid _using__ ghee as a cooking medium.
2. I have had to put off _buying___ a scooter for my son until he completes his college studies.
3. How about __applying_____ for the post of teacher in the neighbouring school?
4. By the time we finished _cleaning___ the house, the children had become hungry.
5. She went around __meeting__ all the tenants in the apartment house, canvassing support for her cleanliness campaign.
6. I am afraid the doctor is busy now. Would you mind __waiting__ a few minutes?

B.6 Now combine the following pairs of sentences using a suitable verb in its 'ing' form.

1. We all make mistakes. It is human.
 ans. Making mistakes is human.
2. Sheela tells lies. It has made her unpopular.
 ans. Telling lies has made Sheela unpopular.
3. We tried to enter the pavilion. The police prevented us.
 ans. The police prevented us while entering the pavilion.
4. Our neighbours made a lot of noise. They apologised.
 ans. Our neighbours apologised for making a lot of noise.
5. Murari passed the examination. I congratulated him.
 ans. I congratulated Murari on passing the examination.
6. She talks too much. I don't like it.
 ans. I  don't like her talking too much.
7. We must appreciate other people's achievements. It promotes goodwill.
 ans. A ppreciating other people's achievements promotes goodwill.

B.7. Unusual solutions
 Why don't you try?
 Give the solutions to the problems below using the 'ing' form of the verb. Make the solutions as unusual as possible.

Example: I can't open this bottle of cold milk.
 a. Why don't you try hitting it with a hammer?
 b. Why don't you try slicing it with a knife?

1. There's a fly in my soup.
 Why don't you try ___?

Answer: 
There's a fly in my soup.
Why don't you try drowning it.
Why don't you try eating it before it drowns.

2. My car isn't starting.
 Why don't you try ________?

Answer: 
My car isn't starting.
Why don't you try kick starting it.

3. My hands and feet are frozen!
 Why don't you try _______?

Answer: 
My hands and feet are frozen!
Why don't you try cutting them with knife.

4. A man is trying to steal my car!
 Why don't you try _______?

Answers:
A man is trying to steal my car!
Why don't you try stealing his.

5. My sister/brother doesn't stop talking.
 Why don't you try ____?

Answer:
My sister/brother doesn't stop talking.
Why don't you try making faces at them.

6. I have a headache.
 Why don't you try_________?

Answer:
I have a headache.
Why don't you try banging your head.

C.2 Explain the following signs using to + verb as shown:

Ans. You are not allowed to park your vehicles here.

Ans. Authorised persons are allowed to enter here.

Ans. This water is safe to drink.

Ans. Workers are required to wear face shield here.

Ans. You are not allowed to enter the restricted zone.

Ans. It is hazardous to climb on equipment.

C.3 Work in pairs. One of you will ask the questions, the other will give the answers with the help of the clues in brackets. Write them down in the spaces provided.

1. Why are you waiting here? (meet the teacher)
Ans. I am waiting to meet the teacher.

2. Why did you return home early? (help with the housework)
Ans. I returned home early to help with housework.

3. Why is Raju going abroad? (visit his sister)
Ans. Raju is going abroad to visit his sister.

4. Why did Kiran sell her car? ( buy a van)
Ans. Kiran sold her car to buy a van.

5. Why did you travel by bus? (save money)
Ans. I travelled by bus to save money.

C.4 Complete the sentences as in the example, using the verbs given in the box. Do not use any verbs more than once.

 remind, warn , encourage,  advise,  ask ,  permit

Example : "Don't forget to return my book."
 He reminded me not to forget to return his book.

1. "You promised that you would not tell mother about our quarrel."
 He __________________________
 Ans. He asked me to promise that I would not tell mother about our quarrel.

2. "If I were you, I'd go to the police."
 Ans.  He advised me to go to police.

3. "Go on, buy a new dress," Sushila said.
 Ans.  Sushila encouraged me to buy a new dress.

4. "Please don't drive so fast," Anil said.
 Ans.  Anil advised me not to drive so fast.

5. "Rupa, you can go to the library," said the teacher.
 The teacher ______________________
Ans.  The teacher permitted me to go to the library.

C.5 Rewrite the sentences using an infinitive instead of the underlined clause.

Example: Hillary was the first man who climbed Mt. Everest.
 Hillary was the first man to climb Mt. Everest.

1. Shah found that Rs. 20,000 of the sales money was missing from the box.
 2. The Court declared that the officer was guilty of gross negligence.
 3. Evidence showed that the document was a fabrication.
 4. The court warned the representatives that they should not tamper with the evidence.
 5. The minister was annoyed when he learnt that he had lost the elections.
 6. You would be silly if you dyed your hair green.

Answer:

1. Shah found Rs. 20,000 of the sales money to be missing from the box.
2. The Court declared the officer to be guilty of gross negligence.
3. Evidence showed the document to be a fabrication.
4. The court warned the representatives not to tamper with the evidence.
5. The minister was annoyed to learn that he had lost the elections.
6. You would be silly to dye your hair green.

D. Verb + ing and Infinitives

D.1  1. I saw her cross the road.
        2. I saw her crossing the road.
What is the difference in the use of the underlined verb in the two sentences?

Answer: The first sentence tells that when I saw her she was already on the other side of the road. While the second sentence  tells that the lady was in the middle of the road and was going to other side when I saw her.

D.2 In pairs, use the grid below to complete the following sentences.

1. Our English teacher refused to allow us _______________
 2. Ram's mother let all of us __________
 3. Making students __________ against their will is unfair.
 4. 'Dear Sir, Would you kindly permit _________

Answer:

1. Our English teacher refused to allow us eat our lunch in the corridor.
2. Ram's mother let all of us play in the backyard.
3. Making students wear necktie against their will is unfair.
4. 'Dear Sir, Would you kindly permit us visit Science Exhibition next Tuesday.

D.3 Complete the following letter. Put the verbs in brackets into either the 'ing' form or the infinitive with to. Use the box below to help you.

Dear

Mr. Banerjee

Thank you for your letter offering (offer) to help build an auditorium for our school. You will be happy to learn that the parents of our school have suggested____1_____ (approach) their association for funds. It is an idea worth ______2_______ (pursue) and we propose ______3_______ (hold) a meeting on the 15th of this month. I should very much like you to attend the meeting as I want _____4____ (introduce) you to the parents and I hope ______4_____ (be) able to use your kind offer as a motivating factor for others.

The architect has arranged ___6____ (supply) us with the blueprints of the building. The contractor has promised ___7____ (deliver) the materials within a month. So our management does not mind __8________ (start) the work even before the funds have been arranged in full.
Please do not hesitate ______9_____ (contact) me if your have any further queries.
I look forward to _____10_____ (hear) from you soon.

Yours sincerely
____________
K.S. Bhatt
(Principal)

Answer: 

1. approaching
2. pursuing
3. to hold
4. to introduce
5. being
6. to supply
7. to deliver
8. starting
9. to contact
10. hearing

D.4 Now complete the following sentences appropriately using 'ing' or infinitive construction. Use the grid given above to write your answers. You may have to add prepositions in some sentences.

Now complete the following sentences appropriately using 'ing' or infinitive construction. Use the grid given above to write your answers. You may have to add prepositions in some sentences.

1) Would you mind ________?
 Ans. Would you mind helping me solve this problem.
2) Most children enjoy ______.
Ans. Most children enjoy playing video games.
3) I'll never forget ______ when I was 18 years old.
Ans. I'll never forget winning my first tournament when I was 18 years old.
4) I remember ______
Ans.  I remember playing that game when I was younger.
5) Our teacher dislilkes ______.
Ans. Our teacher dislikes scolding students for being late.
6) The commander told the soldiers _______.
Ans. The commander told the soldiers to gun down the captives.
7) I do not intend _________.
Ans.  I do not intend to enter politics.
8) The inspector is certain ______.
Ans.  The inspector is certain to welcome this kind of recommendation.
9) My father was very angry with the grocer _____.
Ans.  My father was very angry with the grocer for shipping poor quality grains.
10) My brother likes _______.
Ans.  My brother likes to sing and dance.

D.5. Complete the sentences using the correct non-finite form of the verbs given in brackets.

1. I regret ___________ (be) rude to you.
 Ans. I regret _being_ (be) rude to you.
2. I regret ________________ (inform) you that you have not qualified in the interview.
Ans.   to inform
3. I want to stop now ___________ (eat) lunch.
Ans. to eat
4. I must stop _____________ (eat) so much.
Ans.  eating
5. It was rude of him ____________ (say) that.
Ans. to say that

E. The Past Participle.

E.1 Underline the past participle and circle the noun it qualifies in the following sentences:

a) Driven by hunger, the elephant herd entered the sugar cane field adjoining the forest.
 Ans. Driven by hunger, the elephant herd entered the sugar cane field adjoining the forest.
b) Trucks, loaded with rice, left for the flood-hit area.
Ans.  Trucks, loaded with rice, left for the flood-hit area.
c) Hurt by little John, Robin Hood started fighting in earnest.
Ans.  Hurt by little John, Robin Hood started fighting in earnest.
d) The greedy merchant did not know where to hide his ill-gotten wealth.
Ans. The greedy merchant did not know where to hide his ill-gotten wealth.
e) Bent with age, the old postmaster totters along everyday to work.
Ans. Bent with age, the old postmaster totters along everyday to work
f) Powered by the reforms, the economy will register appreciable growth in the next quarter.
Ans. Powered by the reforms, the economy will register appreciable growth in the next quarter.

E.2 Combine each to the following pairs of sentences, using the correct form of the verbs.

1. Leander was surprised by Asif's return of service.
 Leander started playing in earnest.
 ___________
 Ans. Surprised by Asif's return of service, Leander started playing in earnest.

2 Rajani has completed her homework.
 She wants to go to play.
 _________________
Ans. Having completed her homework, Rajani wants to go to play.

3 Gopal was utterly bored with his studies.
 He went out for a walk.
 __________________
Ans.  Utterly bored with his studies, Gopal went out for a walk.

4 Sita was startled by the noise.
 She jumped out of her bed.
 ___________________
Ans.  startled by the noise, Sita jumped out of her bed.

5 The police chased the smuggler. The smuggler hid in a thicket.
 __________________
Ans.  Chased by the police, the smuggler hid in a thicket.

6 The news stunned Meenu. She stood rooted to the spot.
 ________________
Ans. Stunned by the news, Meenu stood rooted to the spot.

E.4 Provide suitable headlines for the following news items. In your headlines, use the past participle form of appropriate verbs.

Answer:

1. Muster beaten in the first round of Lyon Grand Prix
2. SC advocates court proceedings by experienced legal journalists only
3. Imposter Cop arrested by Chandni Chowk Police
4. Nine roasted alive and 65 suffered burns by a mob at Bhangapara

F. Non-Finites Summary

F.1. Look at the pictures. Describe each picture with an appropriate non-finite as shown. Try not to repeat the verbs. 

ANS. a broken scale

ANS.  a crying kid

ANS. a tree fallen apart

ANS. a running horse / a sprinting horse

ANS.  a leaking pipe / a leaked pipe

ANS. a torn shoe

F2. Rewrite the following sentences making the necessary changes so that they convey the intended meaning:

1. Having bitten the postman, the farmer decided to punish the dog.
 2. Being a rainy day, the organizers decided to postpone the match.
 3. Being fond of sweets, we planned to gift Mary a big box of chocolates on her birthday.
 4. Having finished his work for the day, the supervisor let him leave the factory early.
 5. Riding on a horse, the tiger jumped at him.

Answer:

1. The dog having bitten the post man, the farmer decided to shoot it.
2. It being a rainy day, the organizers decided to postpone the match.
3. Mary being fond of sweets, we planned to gift her a a big box of chocolates on her birthday.
4. His work for the day being finished, the supervisor let him leave the factory early.
5. While he was riding on a horse, the tiger jumped at him.

F3. Correct the following sentences:

1. Her actions make my blood to boil.
 2. They are counting on me playing for their team.
 3. He is thinking to write his autobiography.
 4. I am hopeful to secure full marks in the Mathematics paper.
 5. We were prevented to enter the classroom.
 6. You had better to send your application by fax.

Answer:

1. Her actions make my blood boil.
2. They are counting on me playing in their team.
3. He is thinking of writing his autobiography.
4. I am hoping to secure full marks in the Mathematics paper.
5. We were prevented from entering the classroom.
6. You had better send your application by fax.

F4. A student has written a letter to Sagarika Sen asking for advice. Complete the letter using appropriate non-finites (- ing, - ed, and to +verb form)

Dear Sagarika Sen,
 I am a Class XII student. My exams are a few months away and I need __1___ all my time to my studies. But whenever I start ___2_______ in the morning, a friend of mine who is in the same class comes to my house. He stays for about 30 minutes and keeps ___3________ all kinds of nonsense. I feel very ___4___ as it hampers my studies at the start of the day.

Please advise me how I can ensure that he never comes to my house while I am busy ___5__ for my examination. How can I ask him ___6___ away without hurting him?

Som Shankar Lahir
 Calcutta

Answer:

1. to give
2. studying
3. talking
4. irritated
5. preparing/studying/concentrating
6. go away/ drive away

F.5 Here is the advice that Sagarika Sen has given to Som Shankar. Complete the letter using non-finites: Dear Som Shankar,

The easy way out would be ___1_______ your servant to say that you are not at home, or that you have left strict instructions that you are not ____2_____ at any cost. If you feel that your friend would be offended by this, then tell him that your parents do not approve of your __3__ and ___4__ when you should be
 spending your time _5_. Explain to him how you are getting __6___ (by you parents) because he wants _7_ time with you. 

But please make it clear that your parents do not disapprove of him. It's just that at the moment, they would rather you spent your time __8_. Once the exams are over, he would be welcome to your house any time. But, for now, he should stay away.

Sagarika Sen
 (Source: The Telegraph Weekend, 5/10/96)

Answer:

1. to let/ask/to permit
2. to be disturbed/to be poked
3. coming and staying
4. studying
5. scolded/lambasted/called down
6. to spend time
7. studying