Components of Food Class 6 Worksheet Science Chapter 1

Q1. Fill in the Blanks

(i) ______ and ______ mainly provide energy to our body.
Ans: Carbohydrates, fats

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Carbohydrates supply quick energy that our body uses first. Fats provide a concentrated, stored form of energy that the body can use when needed; they also help in keeping us warm and protecting internal organs.

(ii) A ______ can prevent deficiency disease.
Ans: Balanced diet

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A balanced diet contains all the essential nutrients - carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, roughage and water - in the right proportions. Eating such a diet helps keep the body healthy and prevents deficiency diseases.

Balanced Diet

(iii) Too much fat in the diet may lead to ______.
Ans: Obesity

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Obesity is a condition caused by excess fat accumulation in the body and can be harmful to health.

(iv) Cooking in too much water destroys ______ in food.
Ans: Nutrients

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Cooking food in a large amount of water can cause water-soluble nutrients, especially some vitamins and minerals, to leach into the water. If that water is thrown away, those nutrients are lost.

(v) ______ gets easily destroyed by heat during cooking.
Ans: Vitamin C

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Vitamin C is heat-sensitive and can be reduced or destroyed by long cooking or high temperatures. To retain it, cook vegetables for a short time or eat some fruits raw.

(vi) Deficiency of Vitamin D causes ______.
Ans: Rickets

View Answer  

Rickets is caused by a lack of Vitamin D (and sometimes calcium), and it leads to weak and soft bones in children, causing deformities such as bowed legs.

Rickets

(vii) Deficiency of Vitamin C causes ______.
Ans: Scurvy

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Scurvy occurs when the diet lacks Vitamin C. Symptoms include bleeding gums, weakness, slow healing of wounds and tiredness. Eating citrus fruits and fresh vegetables prevents scurvy.

(viii) ______ makes up about 70% of our body weight.
Ans: Water

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Water is a major part of the human body and is essential for most body processes, including digestion, circulation and temperature control.

Water is essential for body

(ix) ______ is mainly responsible for the transportation of nutrients in our body.
Ans:  Water

View Answer  

Water helps in transporting nutrients and wastes throughout the body.

(x) ______ is essential for the production of hemoglobin in the blood.
Ans: Iron

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Iron is a key component of haemoglobin, the molecule in red blood cells that carries oxygen. Without enough iron, the body cannot make enough healthy red blood cells, causing anaemia.

Q2. State True or False

(i) Milk does not provide dietary fiber.
Ans: True
Explanation: Milk contains important nutrients like calcium, protein and vitamins but it does not contain dietary fibre because fibre is found only in plant-based foods such as vegetables, fruits and cereals.

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(ii) Fats provide less energy as compared to the same amount of carbohydrates.
Ans: False
Explanation: Fats actually provide more energy per gram than carbohydrates. This is why fats are a concentrated source of energy; however, eating too much fat can lead to weight gain.

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(iii) Lack of nutrients in our diet over a long period causes deficiency diseases.
Ans: True
Explanation: When the diet does not supply enough of the essential nutrients (vitamins, minerals, proteins, etc.) for a long time, specific deficiency diseases develop, for example, scurvy from lack of Vitamin C or rickets from lack of Vitamin D.

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Deficiency Diseases

(iv) Rice and potatoes are rich in protein.
Ans: False
Explanation: Rice and potatoes are mainly sources of carbohydrates. They contain only small amounts of protein compared with foods like pulses, meat and dairy products.

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(v) Peas, gram, soya beans, and cottage cheese are good sources of proteins.
Ans: True
Explanation: These foods are rich in protein. Pulses and soya are good plant proteins, while cottage cheese (paneer) is a good animal-source protein; they help in growth and repair of the body.

View Answer  

Q3. Short Answer Questions

Q1: Name the deficiency disease that causes bleeding gums.
Ans:  Scurvy is a deficiency disease that leads to bleeding gums. It occurs due to a lack of Vitamin C in the diet.

• Symptoms include:
• Bleeding gums
• Slow healing of wounds

To prevent scurvy, it is important to consume a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables.

Bleeding Gums: Scurvy

Q2: Name the deficiency disease that is caused by the deficiency of iron in the diet.
Ans: Deficiency disease caused by iron deficiency:

The deficiency disease resulting from a lack of iron in the diet is known as anaemia.

• Anaemia leads to fatigue and weakness.
• It can cause pale skin and shortness of breath.
• Iron is essential for producing haemoglobin, which carries oxygen in the blood.

Q3: What is the vitamin that represents a group of other vitamins?
Ans: Vitamin B-complex represents a group of essential vitamins that work together to support various bodily functions.

• Includes several vitamins, such as Vitamin B1, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B3, and others.
• Plays a crucial role in energy production and the formation of red blood cells.
• Supports the health of the nervous system.
• Helps maintain healthy skin and hair.

Our body requires all types of vitamins, including those in the B-complex, to function properly.

Q4: What is obesity?
Ans: Obesity is a condition where excessive fat accumulates in the body, leading to being overweight. It is caused by consuming more calories than the body needs.

Obesity

Q5: Why do we need carbohydrates in our diet?
Ans: Carbohydrates are essential in our diet for several reasons:

• They are the primary source of energy for our body.
• Carbohydrates help fuel our daily activities and bodily functions.
• They are found in many common foods, such as bread, rice, and pasta.

Including an adequate amount of carbohydrates in our meals is important for maintaining overall health.

Q6: Why do children need more protein in their diet?
Ans: Children require more protein in their diet for several important reasons:

• Growth: Protein is vital for the overall growth of children.
• Development: It supports the development of muscles, tissues, and organs.
• Repair: Protein aids in the repair of body tissues.
• Immune Function: It plays a role in maintaining a healthy immune system.

Ensuring adequate protein intake helps children grow strong and healthy.

Q7: Dia prepared ladyfingers that tasted yummy. She washed the ladyfingers after cutting them into small pieces, then fried them in excess oil with various spices to make them crunchy and flavorful. Was her method of cooking correct?
Ans: 

• No, Dia's method was not ideal. Washing ladyfingers after cutting releases their sticky sap and can make them slimy, which affects texture.
• It is better to wash and dry them first, then cut and cook. Drying helps them fry evenly.
• Also, using too much oil makes the dish heavy and unhealthy.
• Frying with a moderate amount of oil or using shallow frying methods gives a crunchy and tasty result without excess fat.

Q8: What is night blindness? Write its symptoms.
Ans: Night blindness is a condition in which a person finds it difficult to see in low light or at night. Symptoms include poor vision in dim light, trouble moving around in the dark, and slower adjustment of eyes when going from bright to dark places.

Q9: A child has stunted growth, swelling on the face, discoloration of hair, and skin disease. He was advised to eat a protein-rich diet. Name the disease the child is suffering from.
Ans: The child is suffering from Kwashiorkor, which is a disease caused by a lack of protein in the diet.

• Symptoms include:
  • Stunted growth
  • Swelling of the face and limbs
  • Discolouration of hair
  • Skin problems and infections
• A protein-rich diet is essential for recovery and to repair tissues.

Q10: How can we test the presence of fat in food items?
Ans: To test for the presence of fat in food items, follow these steps:

• Take a small piece of the food item.
• Wrap it in a piece of paper and crush it gently, ensuring the paper does not tear.
• Straighten the paper and observe it closely.
• Check for an oily patch on the paper.
• Hold the paper up to the light. If you can see light faintly through the patch, it indicates the presence of fat.

Note that if the paper does not show an oily patch after drying, the food item likely does not contain any fat.

Q11: How are diseases caused?
Ans: Diseases can arise from various factors, including:

• Lack of nutrients: Insufficient intake of essential nutrients can lead to deficiency diseases.
• Infections: Bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens can cause illnesses.
• Unhealthy lifestyle choices: Poor diet, lack of exercise, and smoking can contribute to disease development.

Deficiency diseases occur when the body lacks specific nutrients for an extended period. For example:

• Protein deficiency: Can cause stunted growth, skin issues, and weakened immunity.
• Vitamin deficiencies: Such as Vitamin A leading to vision problems, or Vitamin C causing scurvy.

To prevent these diseases, it is crucial to maintain a balanced diet that includes a variety of nutrients.

Q12: Write the steps to test the presence of protein in a food item.
Ans: Steps to test for protein:

• Grind or mash the food item.
• Put it in a test tube and add 10 drops of water.
• Add two drops of copper sulfate solution.
• Add ten drops of caustic soda solution.
• Shake well and observe if the solution turns violet, indicating the presence of protein.

Q13: What is a balanced diet? Is it the same for everyone?

Ans: A balanced diet includes all the nutrients in the right amounts, along with adequate roughage and water. It is not the same for everyone because nutritional needs vary with age, sex, body size and activity level; for example, children and pregnant women need different amounts of certain nutrients.

Q14: How can we cure anemia?

Ans: Anaemia caused by iron deficiency can often be treated by increasing iron intake through foods such as leafy green vegetables, pulses, meat, eggs and iron-fortified cereals, and, when needed, taking iron supplements as advised by a doctor. Treating the underlying cause and improving diet help in recovery.

Q15: On adding 2-3 drops of dilute iodine solution to a food item, it turns blue-black. What does it indicate?

Ans: Adding 2-3 drops of dilute iodine solution to a food item that turns blue-black indicates the presence of starch in that food.

Q16: Why is sunlight important for our health?

Ans: Sunlight plays a crucial role in our health by enabling our body to produce Vitamin D. This vitamin is vital for:

• Maintaining healthy bones and teeth.
• Supporting the immune system.

However, many people today suffer from Vitamin D deficiency because they spend less time outdoors and get insufficient sunlight exposure.

Sunlight gives us Vitamin D

Q17: "Vitamins and minerals are essential in very small quantities for our body compared to other components, but they remain an important part of a balanced diet." Explain the statement.

Ans: Vitamins and minerals are needed in very small quantities but are essential for the normal functioning of our body. They are called protective foods because:

• They help protect our body against diseases by supporting the immune system.
• They help in maintaining good health and body functions.
• They support normal growth and the maintenance of bones, teeth, skin and blood.

Q18. Name the food materials that contain fat.

Ans:  The food materials which contain fat are: 

• Ghee
• Butter
• Cheese
• Egg 
• Meat
• Milk

Food Products derived from Animals

Q4. Assertion and Reason Questions

View Answer  Explanation:
(i) Assertion: Foods that contain proteins are called body-building foods because proteins are needed for growth and repair of body tissues.
(ii) Reason: The statement that paneer is a plant source of protein is incorrect; paneer is an animal-product made from milk.
(iii) Justification: Therefore, while the assertion is correct, the reason is false and cannot explain the assertion.

Q2: Assertion (A): Obesity occurs when one takes more food than required.
Reason (R): The extra food gets stored as fat and the person becomes too fat.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Ans: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

View Answer  Explanation:
(i) Assertion: Obesity can result when a person consistently eats more food (calories) than the body needs.
(ii) Reason: The surplus calories are stored in the body as fat, causing excess weight.
(iii) Justification: The reason correctly explains why taking more food leads to obesity.

Q3: Assertion (A): Deficiency of calcium causes rickets.
Reason (R): In our diet, milk and milk products are the major sources of calcium.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Ans: (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A

View Answer  Explanation:
(i) Assertion: A lack of calcium can lead to rickets, a condition affecting bone strength in children.
(ii) Reason: Milk and dairy products are important sources of calcium in many diets.
(iii) Justification: While both statements are true, the reason gives a fact about calcium sources rather than explaining the biological cause of rickets, so it is not the full explanation of the assertion.

Q4: Assertion (A): Vitamins are required in small quantities for maintaining good health.
Reason (R): Vitamins help protect our body against diseases and keep our bones, teeth, and gums healthy.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Ans: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

View Answer  Explanation:
(i) Assertion: Vitamins are needed only in small amounts but are essential for health.
(ii) Reason: Vitamins play protective roles and are necessary for the health of bones, teeth, gums and other body functions.
(iii) Justification: The reason explains why small quantities of vitamins are important, so it correctly explains the assertion.

Q5. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Q1: Which of the following nutrients mainly provides energy to our body?
(a) Proteins
(b) Carbohydrates
(c) Vitamins
(d) Minerals
Ans: (b)
Explanation: Carbohydrates are the body's main and quickest source of energy. They are broken down into sugars that the body uses for immediate energy during daily activities and exercise.

Sources of Carbohydrates

Q2: What test is used to check the presence of protein in a food item?
(a) Iodine solution test
(b) Copper sulfate and caustic soda test
(c) Paper test
(d) Lime water test
Ans: (b)
Explanation: The copper sulfate and caustic soda test (Biuret test) gives a violet colour when protein is present. The other tests detect different substances: iodine for starch and the paper test for fat.

Q3: Which vitamin deficiency causes night blindness?
(a) Vitamin A
(b) Vitamin B
(c) Vitamin C
(d) Vitamin D
Ans: (a)
Explanation: A deficiency of Vitamin A affects the eye and reduces the ability to see in dim light, causing night blindness. Foods rich in Vitamin A help prevent this condition.

Q4: Which of the following foods is a good source of Vitamin C?
(a) Milk
(b) Liver
(c) Orange
(d) Rice
Ans: (c)
Explanation: Oranges and other citrus fruits are rich in Vitamin C, which supports the immune system and helps in healing and maintaining healthy skin.

Q5: What happens if excess water is used during cooking and then thrown away?
(a) It improves the taste of the food
(b) It helps in retaining vitamins
(c) It results in the loss of minerals and vitamins
(d) It increases the fat content
Ans: (c)
Explanation: Using a lot of water for cooking and discarding it causes water-soluble vitamins and some minerals to be lost with the drained water. To retain nutrients, use less water or use the cooking water in soups or gravies.