Lakhmir Singh Physics Class 10 Solutions Page No:158
Question 27:
(a) Differentiate between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.
(b) Which of the two, nuclear fission and nuclear fusion, is made use of :
(i) for the production of electricity ?
(ii) for making a hydrogen bomb ?
(c) Which produces more energy : nuclear fusion or nuclear fission ?
(d) Calculate the energy released in joules when 5 g of a material is completely converted into energy during a nuclear reaction.
(e) How much is this energy in MeV ? (Speed of light = 3 × 108 m/s)
Solution :
(a)
| Nuclear Fission | Nuclear Fusion |
Natural occurrence of the process: | Fission reaction does not normally occur in nature. | Fusion occurs in stars, such as the sun |
Byproducts of the reaction: | Fission produces many highly radioactive particles. | Few radioactive particles are produced by fusion reaction, but if a fission ' trigger' is used, radioactive particles will result from that. |
Energy Ratios: | The energy released by fission is a million times greater than that released in chemical reactions: but lower than the energy released by nuclear fusion | The energy released by fusion is three to four times greater than the energy released by fission |
Nuclear weapon: | One class of nuclear weapon is a fission bomb, also known as an atomic bomb or atom bomb. | One class of nuclear weapon is the hydrogen bomb, which uses a fission reaction to 'trigger' a fusion reaction |
Energy requirement: | Takes little energy to split two atoms in a fission reaction | Extremely high energy is required to bring two or more protorts close enough that nuclear forces overcome their electrostatic repulsio. |
(b) (i) Nuclear fission
(ii) Nuclear fusion
(c) Nuclear fusion
(d)Mass.m = 5g = 0.005kg Speedof light, c=3x108m/s
We know that, E= mc2
E = 0.005x(3x108)2
E = 4.5x1014.J
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