NEET Previous Year Questions (2016-2024): Locomotion & Movement | Biology Class 11 PDF Download

2024

Q1: Three types of muscles are given as a, b and c. Identify the correct matching pair along with their location in human body:     (NEET 2024)
Name of muscle/location
(a) (a) Smooth - Toes (b) Skeletal - Legs (c) Cardiac - Heart
(b) (a) Skeletal - Triceps (b) Smooth - Stomach (c) Cardiac - Heart
(c) (a) Skeletal - Biceps (b) Involuntary - Intestine (c) Smooth - Heart
(d) (a) Involuntary - Nose tip (b) Skeletal - Bone (c) Cardiac - Heart
Ans: (b)
The correct answer is option (2) as
Figure (a) represents skeletal muscle fibres which are closely attached to skeletal bones. In a typical muscle such as triceps and biceps, striated muscle fibres are bundled together in a parallel fashion.
Figure (b) represents smooth muscle fibres which are present in the wall of internal organs such as the blood vessels, stomach and intestine.
Figure (c) represents cardiac muscle fibres which are exclusively present in the heart.

Q2: Match List I with List II :     (NEET 2024)

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
(a) A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I
(b) A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV
(c) A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
(d) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
Ans: (d)
To match List I (Types of Joints) with List II (Descriptions/Functions), let us consider each type:
Fibrous Joints (A): These joints are found where bones are closely fitted together, allowing very little or no movement, such as in the sutures of the skull. So, Fibrous joints correspond to: III. Skull, don't allow any movement
Cartilaginous Joints (B): These joints occur where the connection between the articulating bones is made up of cartilage, such as between vertebrae in the spine. These allow for limited movement. So, Cartilaginous joints correspond to: I. Adjacent vertebrae, limited movement
Hinge Joints (C): These include joints like the elbow and knee, where movement is primarily in one axis (like opening and closing a door). So, Hinge joints correspond to: IV. Knee, help in locomotion
Ball and Socket Joints (D): These joints, such as the hip and shoulder joints, allow for a wide range of movement including rotational. So, Ball and socket joints correspond to: II. Humerus and Pectoral girdle, rotational movement
The correct matching based on the descriptions and joint types is: A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
Therefore, the correct answer is: Option D: A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II

2023

Q1: Match List I with List II.        (NEET 2023)

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(a) A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
(b) A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
(c) A-I, B-IV, C-III, D-II
(d) A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I
Ans: (b)
(A) Cartilaginous Joint : These joints are connected by cartilage and allow limited movement. They are found between adjacent vertebrae in the vertebral column.
(B) Ball and Socket Joint : These joints consist of a ball-like structure fitting into a socket, allowing for a wide range of movement. They are found between the humerus and the pectoral girdle.
(C) Fibrous Joint : These joints are connected by fibrous connective tissue and allow little or no movement. They are found between flat skull bones.
(D) Saddle Joint : These joints have two bones with concave and convex surfaces that fit together, allowing movement in two planes. They are found between the carpal and metacarpal of the thumb.

Q2:  Which of the following statements are correct regarding skeletal muscle?         (NEET 2023)
A. Muscle bundles are held together by collagenous connective tissue layer called fascicle.
B. Sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle fibre is a store house of calcium ions.
C. Striated appearance of skeletal muscle fibre is due to distribution pattern of actin and myosin proteins.
D. M line is considered as functional unit of contraction called sarcomere.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(a) A, B and C only
(b) B and C only
(c) A, C and D only
(d) C and D only
Ans: (b)
Option (B) is the correct answer because statements B and C are only correct statements while A and D are incorrect statements.
Muscle bundles are held together by collagenous connective tissue layer called fascia. Muscle bundles are called fascicles. The portion of the myofibril between two successive ‘Z’ lines is considered as functional unit of contraction called sarcomere.

2022

Q1: Choose the correct statement about a muscular tissue     (NEET 2022 Phase 2)
(a) Smooth muscles are multinucleated and involuntary.
(b) Skeletal muscle fibres are uninucleated and found in parallel bundles.
(c) Intercalated discs allow the cardiac muscle cells to contract as a unit.
(d) The walls of blood vessels are made up of columnar epithelium.
Ans: (c)

• Option (3) is the correct answer as cardiac muscle fibres possess communication junctions (intercalated discs) at some fusion points that allow the cells to contract as unit, i.e., when one cell receives a signal to contract, its neighbours are also stimulated to contract.
• Option (1) is incorrect as smooth muscle fibres are uninucleated.
• Option (2) is incorrect as skeletal muscle fibres are multinucleated.
• Option (4) is incorrect as the wall of blood vessels are made up of simple squamous epithelium.

Q2: According to the sliding filament theory:   (NEET 2022 Phase 2)
(a) The actin filaments slide away from A-band resulting in shortening of sarcomere.
(b) Actin and myosin filaments slide over each other to increase the length of the sarcomere.
(c) Length of A-band does not change
(d) I-band increases in length.
Ans: (c)

2021

Q1: Chronic auto immune disorder affecting neuro muscular junction leading to fatigue, weakening and paralysis of skeletal muscle is called as:     (NEET 2021)
(a) Gout Muscular dystrophy
(b) Arthritis
(c) Muscular dystrophy
(d) Myasthenia gravis
Ans: (d)

• Option (d) is correct because myasthenia gravis is a chronic auto immune disorder affecting neuromuscular junction leading to fatigue, weakening and paralysis of skeletal muscle.
• Gout is caused due to deposition of uric acid crystals in joints leading to its inflammation.
• Arthritis is the swelling and tenderness of one or more number of joints. It is caused by injury, abnormal metabolism, and genetic makeup.
• Muscular dystrophy is a disease characterised by progressive degeneration of muscle fibres without the involvement of nervous system.

Q2:  Match List-I with List-II     (NEET 2021)

Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

Ans: (b)

• Sternum is a flat bone on the ventral midline of thorax.
• Scapula is a large triangular flat bone situated in the dorsal part of the thorax between the second and the seventh ribs.
• Fibrous joints do not allow any movement.
• This type of joint is shown by the flat skull bones which fuse end-to-end with the help of dense fibrous connective tissues in the form of sutures, to form the cranium.
• In cartilaginous joints, the bones involved are joined together with the help of cartilages.
• The joint between the adjacent vertebrae in the vertebral column is of this pattern and it permits limited movements.

Q3: During muscular contraction which of the following events occur?      (NEET 2021)

(a) 'H' zone disappears
(b) 'A' band widens
(c) 'I' band reduces in width
(d) Myosine hydrolyzes ATP, releasing the ADP and Pi
(e) Z-lines attached to actins are pulled inwards
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
(a) (b), (c), (d), (e) only
(b) (b), (d), (e), (a) only
(c) (a), (c), (d), (e) only
(d) (a), (b), (c), (d) only
Ans: (c)
The correct option is (c) because the length of A-band is retained. During muscle contraction, the following events occur:
(1) The globular head of myosin acts as ATPase and hydrolysis ATP molecule and eventually leads to the formation of cross bridge.
(2) This pulls the actin filament towards the centre of 'A-band'.
(3) The Z-line attached to these actins are also pulled inwards thereby causing a shortening of the sarcomere.
(4) The thin myofilaments move past the thick myofilaments due to which the H-zone narrows. This reduces the length of I-band but retains the length of A-band.
(5) The myosin then releases ADP + Pi, and goes back to its relaxed state.

2020

Q7. Match the following columns and select the correct option     (NEET 2020)


Ans: (b)
11^th and 12^th pairs of ribs are not connected ventrally and are therefore, called floating ribs. Acromion is a flat expanded process of spine of scapula. The lateral end of clavicle articulates with acromion process. Scapula is a flat triangular bone in the dorsal part of the thorax between 2^nd and the 7^th rib. Glenoid cavity of scapula articulates with head of the humerus to form the shoulder joint.

2019

Q1:  Select the correct option.    (NEET 2019)
(a) There are seven pairs of vertebrosternal, three pairs of vertebrochondral and two pairs of vertebral ribs.
(b) 8^th, 9^th and 10^th pairs of ribs articulate directly with the sternum.
(c) 11^th and 12^th pairs of ribs are connected to the sternum with the help of hyaline cartilage.
(d) Each rib is a flat thin bone and all the ribs are connected dorsally to the thoracic vertebrae and ventrally to the sternum.
Ans: (a)
Seven pairs of Ribs are vertebrosternal while 8^th, 9^th and 10^th pair of ribs are vertebrochondral and the last 11^th, 12^th pair are vertebral ribs. 

Q1: Which of the following muscular disorders is inherited?    (NEET 2019)
(a) Botulism
(b) Tetany
(c) Muscular dystrophy
(d) Myasthenia gravis
Ans: (c)

• Myasthenia gravis is a chronic auto immune disorder. It affects neuromuscular junction leading to fatigue, weakening and paralysis of skeletal muscles.
• Botulism is rare and dangerous type of food poisoning caused by bacterium Clostridium botulinum.
• Tetany is a rapid spasm in muscle due to low Ca2+ in body fluid.
• Muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder. It is characterized by progressive degeneration of skeletal muscles, which are the muscles that control movement.

2018

Q1: Calcium is important in skeletal muscle contraction because it    (NEET 2018)
(a) Binds to troponin to remove the masking of active sites on aclin for myosin
(b) Activates the myosin ATPase by binding to it
(c) Detaches the myosin head from the actin filament
(d) Prevents the formation of bonds between the myosin cross bridges and the aclin filament.
Ans: (a)
The sarcoplasmic reticulum to release calcium ions into the muscle interior where they bind to troponin, thus causing tropomyosin to shift from the face of the actin filament to which myosin heads need to bind to produce contraction.

2017

Q1: The pivot joint between atlas and axis is a type of     (NEET 2017)
(a) Cartilaginous joint
(b) Synovial joint
(c) Saddle joint
(d) Fibrous joint.
Ans: (b)
Pivot joint is a type of synovial joint which provide freely movement between atlas and axis vertebrae of vertebral column.

Q2:  Out of ‘X ’ pairs of ribs in humans only ‘Y' pairs are true ribs. Select the option that correctly represents values of  X and Y and provides their explanation.    (NEET 2017)

Ans: (d)
 In human, 12 pairs of ribs are present in which 7 pairs of ribs (1^st to 7^th pairs) are attached dorsally to vertebral column and ventrally to the sternum.

2016

Q1: Name the ion responsible for unmasking of active sites for myosin for cross-bridge activity during muscle contraction.
(a) Calcium
(b) Magnesium
(c) Sodium
(d) Potassium    (NEET 2016 Phase 2)
Ans: (a)
Calcium ion plays an important role in muscle contraction. Calcium ions bind to troponin causing a change in its shape and position. Thus, in turn alters shape and position of tropomyosin to which troponin binds. This shift exposes the active sites on F-actin molecules. Myosin cross-bridge are then able to bind to these active sites.

Q2: Osteoporosis, an age-related disease of skeletal system, may occur due to    (NEET 2016 Phase 2)
(a) Immune disorder affecting neuromuscular junction leading to fatigue
(b) High concentration of Ca⁺⁺ and Na⁺ 
(c) Decreased level of estrogen
(d) Accumulation of uric acid leading to inflammation of joints.
Ans: (c)
Osteoporosis is reduction in bone mineral density, resulting in bones that are brittle and liable to fracture. Infection, injury and synovitis can cause localised osteoporosis of adjacent bone. Generalised osteoporosis is common in the elderly and in women after menopause. After menopause the estrogen levels in blood plasma are much reduced. Estrogen helps to regulate bone cells called osteoclasts which are responsible for building new bone. When estrogen levels drop fewer osteoclasts are produced resulting in osteoporosis.

Q16. Lack of relaxation between successive stimuli in sustained muscle contraction is known as     (NEET 2016 Phase 1)
(a) Spasm
(b) Fatigue
(c) Tetanus
(d) Tonus 
Ans: (c)
Sustained contraction with no relaxation phase is called muscle tetanus.

2015

Q1: Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?    (NEET 2015 / AIPMT 2015)
(a) Storage of minerals
(b) Production of body heat
(c) Locomotion
(d) Production of erythrocytes
Ans: (b)
Production of  body heat is caused by the process of metabolism (respiration).

Q2: Which of the following joints would allow no movement?     (NEET 2015 / AIPMT 2015)
(a) Cartilaginoius joint
(b) Synovial joint
(c) Ball and Socket joint
(d) Fibrous joint
Ans: (d)
Fibrous joint is an attachment between bones, being held together by fibrous connective tissue. For example- suture between skull bones.

Q3: Sliding filament theory can be best explained as:     (NEET / AIPMT 2015 Cancelled Paper)
(a) Actin and Myosin filaments shorten and slide pass each other
(b) Actin and Myosin filaments do not shorten but rather slide pass each other
(c) When myofilaments slide pass each other, Myosin filaments shorten while Actin filaments do not shorten
(d) When myofilaments slide pass each other Actin filaments shorten while Myosin filament do not shorten
Ans: (b)
Sliding filament theory was given by Huxley and Huxley (1954). It states that Actin and Myosin filaments do not become short but rather slide pass each other. Because of sliding of actin filaments over myosin the length of I-band will change.

Q4: Glenoid cavity articulates:   (NEET AIPMT 2015 Cancelled Paper)
(a) Scapula with acromion
(b) Clavicle with scapula
(c) Humerus with scapula
(d) Clavicle with acromion
Ans: (c)
Glenoid cavity articulates humerus with scapula.

2014

Q1: Select the correct matching of the type of the joint with the example in human skeletal system:    (NEET 2014 / AIPMT 2014)
Type of joint Example
(a) Cartilaginous joint between frontal and pariental
(b) Pivot joint between third and fourth cervical vertebrae
(c) Hinge joint between humerus and  pectoral girdle
(d) Gliding joint between carpals
Ans: (d) 
A gliding joint is a common type of synovial joint formed between bones that meet at flat or nearly flat articular surfaces. Gliding joints allow the bones to glide past one another in any direction along the plane of the joint - up and down, left and right, and diagonally. Many gliding joints are formed in the appendicular skeleton between the carpal bones of the wrist; between the carpals and the metacarpals of the palm; between the tarsal bones of the ankle; and between the tarsals and the metatarsals of the foot. 

Q2: Stimulation of a muscle fiber by a motor neuron occurs at   (NEET 2014 / AIPMT 2014)
(a) the neuromuscular junction
(b) the transverse tubules
(c) the myofibril
(d) the sacroplasmic reticulum.
Ans: (a)
A neuron that transmits a stimulus to muscle tissue is called motor neuron. A motor unit consists of a single motor neuron (nerve cell) and the muscle fibres innervates it. The portion of the muscle plasma membrane (sarcolemma) that lies beneath the nerve endings (axon terminals) is called the motor end plate. The axon terminals and the motor end plate together constitute the neuro-muscular junction or neuromotor junction.