Chapter 3 - Squares and Square Roots (Ex-3.2) Part - 1, Class 8 Math RD Sharma Solutions | RD Sharma Solutions for Class 8 Mathematics PDF Download

Question 3: The square of which of the following numbers would be an odd number?
(i) 731
(ii) 3456
(iii) 5559
(iv) 42008
Answer 3: The square of an odd number is always odd.
(i) 731 is an odd number. Hence, its square will be an odd number.
(ii) 3456 is an even number. Hence, its square will not be an odd number.
(iii) 5559 is an odd number. Hence, its square will not be an odd number.
(iv) 42008 is an even number. Hence, its square will not be an odd number.
Hence, only the squares of 731 and 5559 will be odd numbers.

Question 4: What will be the units digit of the squares of the following numbers?
(i) 52
(ii) 977
(iii) 4583
(iv) 78367
(v) 52698
(vi) 99880
(vii) 12796
(viii) 55555
(ix) 53924
Answer 4: The units digit is affected only by the last digit of the number. Hence, for each question, we only need to examine the square of its last digit.
(i) Its last digit is 2. Hence, the units digit is 2², which is equal to 4.
(ii) Its last digit is 7. Hence, the units digit is the last digit of 49 (49 = 7²), which is 9.
(iii) Its last digit is 3. Hence, the units digit is 3², which is equal to 9.
(iv) Its last digit is 7. Hence, the units digit is the last digit of 49 (49 = 7²), which is 9.
(v) Its last digit is 8. Hence, the units digit is the last digit of 64 (64 = 8²), which is 4.
(vi) Its last digit is 0. Hence, the units digit is 0², which is equal to 0.
(vii) Its last digit is 6. Hence, the units digit is the last digit of 36 (36 = 6²), which is 6.
(viii) Its last digit is 5. Hence, the units digit is the last digit of 25 (25 = 5²), which is 5.
(ix) Its last digit is 4. Hence, the units digit is the last digit of 16 (16 = 4²), which is 6. 

Question 5: Observe the following pattern
1 + 3 = 2²
1 + 3 + 5 = 3²
1 + 3 × 5 + 7 = 4²
and write the value of 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + ... upto n terms.
Answer 5: From the pattern, we can say that the sum of the first n positive odd numbers is equal to the square of the n-th positive number. Putting that into formula:
1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + ...  n =  n², where the left hand side consists of n terms. 

Question 6: Observe the following pattern
2² − 1² = 2 + 1
3² − 2² = 3 + 2
4² − 3² = 4 + 3
5² − 4² = 5 + 4
and find the value of
(i) 100² − 99²
(ii) 111² − 109²
(iii) 99² − 96²
Answer 6: From the pattern, we can say that the difference between the squares of two consecutive numbers is the sum of the numbers itself.
In a formula:
 (n+1)2 − (n)2 = (n+1) + nn+12 - n2 = n+1 + n
Using this formula, we get:
(i) 100² − 99²   = (99 + 1) + 99
= 199
(ii) 111² − 109² = 111² − 110² + 110² − 109²
= (111 + 110) + (110 + 109)
= 440
(iii) 99² − 96² = 99² − 98² + 98² − 97² + 97² − 96² 
= 99 + 98 + 98 + 97 + 97 + 96
= 585 

Question 7: Which of the following triplets are pythagorean?
(i) (8, 15, 17)
(ii) (18, 80, 82)
(iii) (14, 48, 51)
(iv) (10, 24, 26)
(v) (16, 63, 65)
(vi) (12, 35, 38)
Answer 7: Only (i), (ii), (iv) and (v) are Pythagorean triplets.
A triplet (a, b, c) is called Pythagorean if the sum of the squares of the two smallest numbers is equal to the square of the biggest number.
(i) The two smallest numbers are 8 and 15. The sum of their squares is:
8² + 15² = 289 = 17²
Hence, (8, 15, 17) is a Pythagorean triplet.
(ii) The two smallest numbers are 18 and 80. The sum of their squares is:
18² + 80² = 6724 = 82²
Hence, (18, 80, 82) is a Pythagorean triplet.
(iii) The two smallest numbers are 14 and 48. The sum of their squares is:
14² + 48² = 2500, which is not equal to 51² = 2601
Hence, (14, 48, 51) is not a Pythagorean triplet.
(iv) The two smallest numbers are 10 and 24. The sum of their squares is:
10² + 24² = 676 = 26²
Hence, (10, 24, 26) is a Pythagorean triplet.
(v) The two smallest numbers are 16 and 63. The sum of their squares is:
16² + 63² = 4225 = 65²
Hence, (16, 63, 65) is a Pythagorean triplet.
(vi) The two smallest numbers are 12 and 35. The sum of their squares is:
12² + 35² = 1369, which is not equal to 38² = 1444
Hence, (12, 35, 38) is not a Pythagorean triplet.