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1. A. At the time of Mendel, the nature of the factors regulating the pattern of inheritance
was very clear.
B. The determination of complete nucleotide sequence of human during last 2 decades
has set in a new era of genomics.
C. In double stranded DNA A G/T C≠ 1
D. DNA is acid but DNase is not an enzyme
(a) All are correct
(b) All are incorrect
(c) Only B is correct
(d) Only D is correct

2. DNA –
A. Acts as genetic material in all cellular organisms
B. Was discovered by F. Meischer who named it as Nuclein
C. Is acidic in nature
D. Cannot be digested by DNase
Correct information is ?
(a) A, C
(b) A, B, C, D
(c) B, C, D
(d) A, B, C

3. In 1953 J. Watson and F. Crick proposed Double helix model of DNA and got Nobel Prize.
Their model of DNA was based on –
A. X-ray diffraction of DNA produced by M. Wilkins and R. Franklin
B. Griffith`s experiment
C. Hershey – Chase experiment
D. Chargaff`s rule of base equivalence (A G / T C = 1 )
(a) A, D
(b) A, B, C, D
(c) B, C, D
(d) A, B, C

4.The phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides are called –
(a) Backbone of DNA
(b) Steps of DNA
(c) Imidazole
(d) Hydrophobic attraction

5. In one polynucleotide chain of a DNA molecule the ratio of A T / G C is 0.3. what is the
A G / T C ratio of the entire DNA molecule
(a) 0.3
(b) 0.6
(c) 1.2
(d) 1

6. Which one / ones did not affect the transformation?
A. DNAase
B. RNAase
C. Peptidase
D. Lipase
(a) A, C
(b) A, B, C, D
(c) B, C, D
(d) A, B, C

7. In DNA you find which types(s) of bond
A. Phosphodiester
B. Phosphoester
C. Hydrogen
D. Glycosidic bond
(a) C, D
(b) A, B, C, D
(c) B, C, D
(d) A, B, C

8. A nucleosome consists of –
A. RNA
B. Protein
C. Histone octamer
D. 200 bps long DNA
(a) C, D
(b) A, B, C, D
(c) B, C, D
(d) A, B, C

9. A. Both DNA and RNA are able to mutate
B. RNA being unstable, mutates at a faster rate
C. RNA is also known to be catalytic, hence reactive
D. The presence of thymine at place of uracil confers additional stability to DNA
(a) All are correct
(b) All are incorrect
(c) Only A, B and D are correct
(d) Only D is correct

10. Protein synthesis involves
A. Transcription
B. Translation
C. Transversion
D. Translocation
(a) A, B
(b) A, B, C, D
(c) B, C, D
(d) A, B C

11. Antiparallel relationship of the two strands of DNA refers to the –
(a) Strands being the opposite of parallel –they are twisted
(b) Strands providing alternate branching
(c) One strand runs 5` → 3` and other in 3` → 5` direction
(d) Both strands run in 5` → 3` direction

12. Nucleic acids are made up of
A. Nitrogenous bases
B. Amino acids
C. Sugar
D. Phosphate
(a) A, C, D
(b) A, D
(c) B, C, D
(d) A, B, C

13. Characteristic(s) of most DNA is / are
A. A pairs with T by 2 hydrogen bonds
B. Antipolarity of complementary chains
C. 20 A° diameter
D. 10 bps / turn
(a) A, C
(b) A, B, C, D
(c) B, C, D
(d) A, B, C

14. DNA has a alternate grooves –
(a) One major and one minor
(b) Two major and one minor
(c) One major and two minor
(d) Two major and two minor

15. Similarity between DNA and RNA is that both have
A. Adenine
B. Guanine
C. Thymine
D. Cytosine
(a) A, C
(b) A, B, C, D
(c) B, C, D
(d) A, B, D

16. The experimental proof for DNA as genetic material comes from
A. Transformation
B. Transduction (Viral infection)
C. Conjugation
D. Mutation
(a) A, C
(b) A, B, C, D
(c) C, D
(d) A, B

17. Frederick Griffith conducted experiments testing the virulence of two strains of
Streptococcus (R-strain and S-strain).
His experiment has 4 specific treatments to it.
Treatment 1, he injected mice with the R-strain and the mice lived.
Treatment 2, he injected mice with the S-strain and the mice died.
Treatment 3, he injected mice with heat-killed S-strain and the mice lived.
Treatment 4, he injected mice with heat-killed S-strain and the mice died.
Which treatment in his experiment is considered a control treatment?
(a) Treatment 3 is the control treatment
(b) Treatment 1 is the control treatment
(c) There are no control treatments in this experiment
(d) Treatments 1 and 2 are control treatments.

18. Why are mice killed by smooth (S) strains of Streptococcus, but not rough (R) Strains?
(a) Rough strains are virulent, and smooth strains are not.
(b) Rough strains have a polysaccharide capsule that makes the mouse immune system
recognize and destroy them.
(c) Smooth strains have a polysaccharide capsule, which hides them from the mouse
immune system.
(d) Smooth strains grow faster than rough strains.
19. If the DNA of this virus was labeled with 32 P and the protein of the virus was labeled
with 35S, which molecule(s) would be present inside the cells?
(a) 35 S and 32 P
(b) 35 S only
(c) 32 P only
(d) Neither molecule would be present inside the cell.

20. Which of the following statements is correct?
I. The biochemical nature of genetic material was not defined from the
experiments conducted by Griffith.
II. Working on transformation Avery et al concluded DNA is genetic material but
not all biologists were convinced.
III. RNA is the genetic material in TMV, QB becteriophage etc.
IV. DNA is the predominant genetic material while RNA performs dynamic functions
of messenger and adapter.
V. Viruses having DNA genome and having shorter life span mutate and evolve
faster...
(a) All
(b) I and II
(c) All except V
(d) III and IV

ANSWERS
1. Ans.(c) Only B is correct
2. Ans.(d) A, B, C
3. Ans.(a) A, D
4. Ans.(a) Backbone of DNA
5. Ans.(d) 1
6. Ans.(c) B, C, D
7. Ans.(b) A, B, C, D
8. Ans.(a) C, D
9. Ans.(a) All are correct
10. Ans.(a) A, B
11. Ans.(c) One strand runs 5` → 3` and other in 3` → 5` direction
12. Ans.(a) A, C, D
13. Ans.(b) A, B, C, D
14. Ans.(c) One major and two minor
15. Ans.(d) A, B, D
16. Ans.(d) A, B
17. Ans.(d) Treatments 1 and 2 are control treatments.
18. Ans.(c) Smooth strains have a polysaccharide capsule, which hides them from
the mouse immune system.
19. Ans.(c) 32 P only
20. Ans.(c) All except V

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FAQs on Imp mcqs on Molecular Basis of Inheritance..(NEET/AIIMS)

1. What is the molecular basis of inheritance?
Ans. The molecular basis of inheritance refers to the mechanisms by which genetic information is transmitted from one generation to the next. It involves the transfer of genetic material in the form of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) from parents to offspring. DNA carries the instructions for the development and functioning of organisms, and it is passed down through generations, ensuring the continuity of traits and characteristics.
2. How is DNA replicated during cell division?
Ans. DNA replication occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle. The process starts with the unwinding of the DNA double helix by the enzyme helicase. DNA polymerase then adds complementary nucleotides to each of the separated strands, creating two identical copies of the original DNA molecule. The new DNA strands are synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction, using each original strand as a template. The replication process is highly accurate, with proofreading mechanisms in place to correct any errors.
3. What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?
Ans. DNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands during replication. It catalyzes the addition of complementary nucleotides to the existing DNA template strands. DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides in the 5' to 3' direction, so it synthesizes the new strand in a continuous manner on the leading strand. However, on the lagging strand, DNA synthesis occurs in short fragments called Okazaki fragments, which are later joined by DNA ligase.
4. What is the significance of DNA packaging in the molecular basis of inheritance?
Ans. DNA packaging plays a crucial role in the molecular basis of inheritance. DNA molecules are long and highly coiled, so they need to be tightly packaged to fit inside the nucleus of a cell. Histone proteins help in organizing and compacting DNA into a condensed structure called chromatin. This packaging not only allows DNA to fit within the nucleus but also helps regulate gene expression. Changes in DNA packaging can influence the accessibility of genes and impact the inheritance of traits.
5. How does DNA sequencing contribute to our understanding of the molecular basis of inheritance?
Ans. DNA sequencing techniques have revolutionized our understanding of the molecular basis of inheritance. They allow us to determine the precise order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule, providing valuable information about the genetic code. By sequencing the DNA of different organisms and comparing their sequences, scientists can identify similarities and differences in genes and genomes. This knowledge helps in studying genetic variations, identifying disease-causing mutations, and unraveling the complexities of inheritance patterns.
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