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Safety and First Aid(Part - 3) Class 5 Notes EVS

Safety and First Aid

FUNDAMENTAL

Safety measures are important to avoid accidents and minimize their after effects.
Safety on the road is more important now a days because of the rapid increase in number of vehicles, road sign and signals are meant for safety. Traffic signals control the flow of traffic, and ensure smooth movement of vehicles

  • First aid: is the first medical help given to an injured person before reaching to a doctor. The most important during first aid to assure the injured and stay calm, don't create a panic situation.

Safety and First Aid(Part - 3) Class 5 Notes EVS

     Fig: First Aid Box


  • Cuts and scratches: Germs can enter a body through cuts or wounds and causes infection
  • The wound should be washed through to remove the dirt and foreign bodies of the wound
  • Clean the affected area with antiseptic solution
  • Place a sterile gauze and thick pad of cotton on the wound and give pressure bandage it will help in controlling of bleeding.

Safety and First Aid(Part - 3) Class 5 Notes EVS 

Fig(1): Cleansing of wound with tap water


Safety and First Aid(Part - 3) Class 5 Notes EVS

    Fig(2): Dressing of wound


  • A Tourniquet: can be used. This is a bandage lightly tied over the wound to stop bleeding

Safety and First Aid(Part - 3) Class 5 Notes EVS

Fig: A Tourniquet Bandage


  • Wrap: a sterile gauze bandage around the wounded area

Safety and First Aid(Part - 3) Class 5 Notes EVS

Fig: A sterile gauze bandage


  • For nose bleeding: keep the patient up right in a comfortable position with this head held back. Pinch the nose firmly and breath through month.
  • Keep the ice-pack on nose.
  • Avoid pickling and blowing of the nose.
  • If bleeding is heavy reac to doctor,  preferably to a specialist E.N.T doctor. 

FRACTURES
A cracks or break in a bone is called a fractures - keep the patient calm and comfortable, apply a splint to give support to the broken bone and try to avoid unnecessary movement then send to the orthopedic doctor. A made from a triangular price of cloth may be used for support.

Safety and First Aid(Part - 3) Class 5 Notes EVS

        Fig: A fractured leg

BURN
Burn injury can be caused by hot objects, fire steam, boiling water, cracker electric current and chemicals like acids.

Safety and First Aid(Part - 3) Class 5 Notes EVS

        Fig: Burn injury

SUPERFICIAL BURNS
These are very painful. Let running cold water/ late water flow out on the bum till pain reduces. Apply any antibiotic lotions and ointments to prevent infections.

Safety and First Aid(Part - 3) Class 5 Notes EVS

       Fig: Superficial Burns

DEEP BURN
Cover the bum area clean (sterile piece) with gauze to prevent it form germ and dust reach to proper open medical setup. If fire has been caused by electric fault if should be turned off immediately.

Don't throw water on It. it may causes electric shock, use a fire extinguisher or sand.

Safety and First Aid(Part - 3) Class 5 Notes EVS
          Fig: Deep Burn


ANIMAL BITES

Animal bites are common. Wash the wound with soap and mnning water for more than 15 minutes, so that the germs will be washed away without being attached to the injured tissue. Dog, monkey, cat, cow, buffalo etc. can cause rabies so anti rabies serum and vaccine must be given as early as possible and would should not be stitched/bandaged.

Safety and First Aid(Part - 3) Class 5 Notes EVS

               Fig: A Dog Bite

SNAKE BITES
The victim should be assured as few and snakes are poisonous. Poisonous snake injects poison through its sharp teeth called fangs. Apply a tomianet (vet) just above the site of bite to stop flow of blood this may slow down the spread of poison. Treatment must be given immediately as the poison can kill.

Safety and First Aid(Part - 3) Class 5 Notes EVS

                 Fig: A Snake Bite

POISONING
Properly wash vegetables and fruits before eating them they may contain pesticides and insecticide. In case of poisoning try to make vomit out the poison except during poisoning with acids and alkalis.

Rush the victim to medical centre equipped to deal the condition. Keep all the medicine locked away from the reach of children. Read the medicine labels carefully to identify the drugs and avoid expired drugs.

The document Safety and First Aid(Part - 3) Class 5 Notes EVS is a part of the Class 5 Course Additional Study Material for Class 5.
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FAQs on Safety and First Aid(Part - 3) Class 5 Notes EVS

1. What are the common injuries that can occur at home?
Ans. Some common injuries that can occur at home include falls, burns, cuts, electric shocks, and poisoning. It is important to be aware of these risks and take necessary precautions to prevent such accidents.
2. How can I prevent burns in the kitchen?
Ans. To prevent burns in the kitchen, make sure to use oven mitts or potholders when handling hot dishes or cookware. Keep flammable items away from the stove, and turn pot handles inward to prevent accidental spills. Additionally, avoid wearing loose clothing that can catch fire.
3. What should I do if someone is choking?
Ans. If someone is choking, it is important to act quickly. Perform the Heimlich maneuver by standing behind the person and placing your arms around their waist. Make a fist with one hand and place it just above their navel. Grasp your fist with the other hand and give quick upward thrusts. If the person becomes unconscious, call emergency services and begin CPR.
4. How can I prevent falls at home?
Ans. To prevent falls at home, make sure to keep walkways clear of clutter and ensure that rugs are secured to the floor. Install handrails on staircases and in bathrooms, and use non-slip mats in the shower or bathtub. Adequate lighting is also important to prevent tripping over obstacles.
5. What should I do if someone has a severe allergic reaction?
Ans. If someone has a severe allergic reaction, known as anaphylaxis, call emergency services immediately. If the person has an auto-injector (such as an EpiPen), help them administer the medication as instructed. Stay with the person and monitor their condition until help arrives.
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