Class 12 Physical Education Solved paper (2014 Outside Delhi) | Physical Education Class 12(XII) - Notes & Model Test Papers - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

Ques 1: Explain the objectives for Intramurals.
Ans: Objectives of Intramurals:
(i) To provide opportunities to actively engage in programs and activities promoting an enhanced quality of life.
(ii) To provide opportunities for personal development through leadership, diversity, and teamwork.
(iii) To provide a forum for an experiential education for students, faculty, and staff.

Ques 2: Define flat foot.
Ans: A common and usually painless condition, flatfeet may occur when the arches don't develop during childhood. In other cases, flatfeet may develop after an injury or from the simple wear-and-tear stresses of age.

Ques 3: What are vitamins?
Ans: Vitamins are compounds found in certain food which are vital to our health and longevity. Our body needs them for growth, function, energy, tissue repair and waste removal. There are two categories of vitamins: water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins. Water-soluble vitamins are vitamins B and C, and fat-soluble vitamins, are vitamins A, D, E and K.

Ques 4: Define acceleration runs.
Ans: Acceleration runs is a special kind of training in which running speed is gradually increased from jogging to striding and finally to sprinting at maximum speed. Each component is about 50 meters long. Its progressive nature reduces the risk of muscle injuries.

Ques 5: What is goal setting?
Ans: Goal setting involves establishing specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time-targeted (S.M.A.R.T) goals. The goal setting theory suggests that an effective tool for making progress is to ensure that participants in a group with a common goal are clearly aware of what is expected from them.

Ques 6: Explain any two methods for flexibility development.
Ans: (i) Warm-up before stretching: The very first thing you must do before stretching is a warm up jog, run, or bike to get loose. You don't have to run or bike that hard or far, but it is good to do at least 20 minutes of warm up before stretching.
(ii) Do dynamic stretching: Dynamic stretching includes motion and is meant to mimic and exaggerate the movements of actual exercise and daily motions.

Ques 7: Explain any three principles of training in brief.
Ans: Three principles of training:
(i) Principle of overload: The overload principle is a basic sports fitness training concept. It means that in order to improve, athletes must continually work harder as their bodies adjust to existing workouts. Overloading also plays a role in skill learning.
(ii) Principle of Specificity: The principle of specificity states that the more specific a training activity is to a given sport - muscle group, workload, velocity and pattern of movement, body posture, and range of motion - the more it will contribute to increasing performance in that sport.
(iii) Principle of Individualization: This could also be called the snowflake principle since it highlights that no two climbers-or their optimal conditioning program - are the same. The best training program for a person will target his/her specific weaknesses, address past or present injuries, provide sufficient time for recovery, and be structured to provide the greatest output for the available training input.

Ques 8: Suggest the formation of various committees for systematic and smooth conduct of sports day in your school.
Ans: (i) Select members who are excited about the project: If you've been working with the same committee for years, they may be growing bored or frustrated with the annual undertaking.
(ii) Clearly define tasks: Progress on your event will come to a halt if your committee members don't know what to do next. At the end of each planning session, members should know their next steps and the deadlines for completing each task.
(iii) Plan ahead: Send committee members the meeting schedule several weeks in advance so they can clear the time to attend meetings.
(iv) Establish goals and expectations: When someone joins your committee, communicate clearly how much time they should set aside to complete their tasks.

Ques 9: Explain in detail about any five advantages of correct posture.
Ans: Posture is the position you maintain while standing, sitting or lying down. You have good posture when your position creates the least amount of strain on supporting muscles and ligaments when you move or perform weight-bearing activity. It has many advantages. Some of them are:
(i) Better for Your Body: Good posture and back support are essential for avoiding back and neck pain. Good posture also prevents muscle aches and muscle fatigue. It keeps your bones and joints in proper alignment so you use your muscles more efficiently, preventing strain and overuse.
(ii) Future Health: Proper posture reduces abnormal wear and tear on joint surfaces, which can lead to arthritis. It also reduces stress on ligaments that connect spinal joints. Good posture helps you avoid developing an abnormal permanent position, which can cause spinal disk problems and constricted blood vessels and nerves. Good posture also protects spinal joints from injury and deformity.
(iii) Breathe Right: Good posture helps to open the airways and ensure proper breathing. Proper breathing allows enhanced oxygen flow in the cardiopulmonary system. The blood then carries sufficient oxygen to the nervous system, organs, and other tissues, so they function effectively.
(iv) Looking Good: Maintaining good posture does wonders for your appearance. Proper posture can help you make a good first impression, and appear more attractive and confident.
(v) Good posture: Good posture prevents fatigue because muscles are being used more efficiently, allowing the body to use less energy.

Ques 10: What is the role of various elements of diet on performance of an athlete?
Ans: Eating a balanced diet means choosing a wide variety of foods and drinks from all the food groups. It also means eating certain things in moderation, namely saturated fat, trans fat, cholesterol, refined sugar, salt and alcohol. The goal is to take in nutrients you need for health at the recommended levels.
(i) Most of the energy used by the body is provided by the carbohydrates and the fats.
(ii) Proteins build the body and perform the function of repair of damaged tissues.
(iii) Minerals and vitamins regulate the functions of the body; they are needed for important chemical reactions taking place in the body.
(iv) Water is present in all tissues of the body and plays an important role in various life processes. For example, digestion, excretion and transport of important materials within the body. It also helps in cellular reactions.

Ques 11: What is endurance? Explain the various methods for its development.
Ans: Endurance refers to the body?s ability to continue using muscular strength and endure repeated contractions for an extended period of time. It is essential in exercise and when doing heavy tasks as it allows the muscles to perform for long periods of time without becoming tired. There are various methods of development. Some are as follows:
(i) Continuous Training: Continuous training is a type of sports training that involves activity of moderate-intensity with a duration of more 15 minutes with resting intervals. It is the most common type of training and is for maintaining general health and wellbeing. Generally, this type of training is used to prepare the body for sustained workouts such as marathons and triathlons, but can also be effective for more casual athletes. It allows the body to work from its aerobic energy stores to improve overall fitness and endurance. Chief benefits of continuous training include fat burning, muscle building, and increasing maximum aerobic potential.
(ii) Interval training: Interval training involves periods of hard work followed by a timed period of rest, repeated several times in one training session. The periods of hard work are called high-intensity activity. Rest can be active (walking, jogging etc.) An example of interval training is 10 fast runs over 40 meters, with a two-minute rest between each run. Variables to consider during interval training are distance/duration of activity, intensity of activity, duration of rest, activity during rest, number of sets, and frequency of training. By varying any of the variables athletes can be progressively overloaded. This form of training also increases fitness levels for people involved in exercise.
(iii) Fartlek training: Fartlek, which means "speed play" in Swedish, is a training method that blends continuous training with interval training. The variable intensity and continuous nature of the exercise places stress on both the aerobic and anaerobic systems. It differs from traditional interval training in that it is unstructured; intensity and/or speed vary, as the athlete wishes. Fartlek training can be used to improve both the aerobic and anaerobic systems by mixing moderate activity with bursts of speed.