Ques 1: Define a Volcano,
Ans: A volcano is a vent or a hole in the earth?s crust through which the molten magma erupts.
Ques 2: What is Oasis?
Ans: A small area in a desert where water and plants are found.
Ques 3: When is the World Water Day celebrated?
Ans: The World Water Day is celebrated on March 22.
Ques 4: Who was the founder of Awadh?
Ans: Founder of Awadh was Burhan-ul-Mulk Saadat Khan.
Ques 5: What do you mean by violation?
Ans: When someone breaks the rule or law, it is called violation.
Ques 6: What was the language of administration under the Delhi Sultans.
Ans: Persian
Ques 7: What does the word 'Rajputs' stand for? Who were considered as Rajputs?
Ans: Rajputs word has been derived from Rajaputra, the son of a ruler. Between the eighth and fourteenth centuries, the term was applied to a body of warriors, who claimed Kshatriya caste status. This term not only included rulers and chieftains but also commanders and soldiers. They served in the armies of different monarchs all over the subcontinent.
Ques 8: Housework is invisible work. What does the word 'invisible' mean here?
Ans: It means the work that is not seen from our eyes. For example, the main responsibility for household works are care-giving tasks, like looking after the family, especially children, the elderly and sick member lies with women. There are such works and tasks which are often not recognised as works and therefore remain invisible.
Ques 9: Which are the major components of the environment?
Ans: The major components of the environment are as follows:
(i) Natural: Such as land, air, water and living things.
(ii) Human made: Such as buildings, parks, etc.
(iii) Human: Such as individual, family, community, religion, education, etc.
Ques 10: What kind of climate is there in Prairies?
Ans: Prairies are located in the heart of a continent so the climate is of continental type with extreme temperatures:
(i) The summers are warm with temperatures of around 20°C, while in winter -20°C has been recorded in Winnipeg, Canada. In winters, a thick blanket of snow covers this region
(ii) The annual rainfall is moderate and is perfect for the growth of grass.
(iii) Due to the absence of the north-south barrier, a local wind ?Chinook? blows here.
Ques 11: What are the responsibilities of ruling party?
Ans: (i) The ruling party has the responsibility of running the various departments like health, education, agriculture, etc.
(ii) They have to answer the questions asked in the legislature.
(iii) They have to make new laws and implement the ones already existing.
Ques 12: State True or False:(a) Health means our ability to remain free of illness and injuries.
(b) India is the second largest producer of medicines in the world.
(c) India has the largest number of medical colleges in the world.
Ans: (a) True
(b) False
(c) True
Ques 13: What is a rock? What do you mean by a rock cycle?
Ans: Any natural mass of mineral matter that makes up the earth?s crust is called a rock. One type of rock changes to another type under certain conditions in a cyclic manner. This process of transformation of the rock from one type to another is known as the rock cycle.
Ques 14: How did the Sufi masters perform their activities?
Ans: (i) The Sufi masters held their assemblies in their khanqahs or hospices.
(ii) They discussed spiritual matters.
(iii) Devotees of all groups including members of the royalty and nobility, and ordinary people flocked to these khanqahs.
(iv) They sought the blessings of the saints in solving their worldly problems. They also simply attended the music and dance sessions.
Ques 15: Give reasons:
(a) People of Sahara desert wear heavy robes.
(b) The type and thickness of vegetation changes from place to place.
Ans: (a) People of Sahara desert wear heavy robes in order to protect themselves from the dust storms and hot winds.
(b) The type and thickness of vegetation changes from place to place because of the variation in temperature and moisture.
Ques 16: What attracted European traders towards India?
Ans: West coast of India was the home to Arab, Persian, Chinese, Jewish and Syrian Christian traders. Indian spices and cloth were sold in the Red Sea ports. This reached European markets through Italian traders. This trade was very profitable. Spices like cinnamon, pepper, etc., became an important part of European cooking. This, along with attractive cotton cloth, drew attention of the European traders to India.
Ques 17: Why did the Mughals emphasis their Timurid and not their Mongol?
Ans: The Mughals were descendants of two great lineages of rulers. From their mother's side, they were descendants of Genghis Khan (died in 1227), the ruler of the Mongol tribes. From the father's side, they were descendants successors of Timur (died in 1404) the ruler of Iran, Iraq and modern-day Turkey. However, the Mughals did not like to be called Mongol. This was because Genghis Khan's memory was associated with the massacre of innumerable people. It was also linked with the Uzbegs, their Mongol competitors. On the other hand, the Mughals were proud of their Timurial ancestry, because it achieved good name in the history.
Ques 18: What do you understand by the term "all the person are equal before the low"? Why do you think it is important in a democracy?
Ans: Every person is equal before the law, means every person from the President of the country to a domestic worker has to obey the same rule. No person can be discriminated against on the basis of their religion, race, caste, place of birth or whether they are male or female. Every person has access to all public places, including playgrounds, hotels, shops and markets. Equality is important in a democracy as it is a form of government which gives equal importance and recognition to all. If people are discriminated on the basis of caste, creed, religion, sex, prosperity etc. the democracy can survive no longer.
Ques 19: Match the following:
| Gurjara Pratiharas: | Western Deccan |
| Rashtrakutas: | Bengal |
| Palas: | Gujarat and Rajasthan |
| Cholas: | Tamil Nadu |
Ans:
| Gurjara Pratiharas | Gujarat and Rajasthan |
| Rashtrakutas | Western Deccan |
| Palas | Bengal |
| Cholas | Tamil Nadu |
Ques 20: Give the details of wildlife of Ganga-Brahamaputra basin.
Ans: There is a variety of wildlife in the Ganga- Brahamaputra basin:
(i) Elephants, tigers, deers and monkeys are common here.
(ii) The one-horned rhinoceros is found in the Brahmaputra plain.
(iii) In the delta area, Bengal tiger, crocodiles and alligator are found.
(iv) Aquatic life abounds in the fresh river waters, the lakes and the Bay of Bengal. The most popular varieties of the fish are rohu, catla and hilsa.
Ques 21: How does a customer differentiates between the same products of different brands?
Ans: Branding creates an image of the product and people start associating quality or reliability with the brand. Advertisements create confusion and make difficult for people to differentiate between the same products of different brands. Advertisers attach special values to the products of their brands. These brand values are conveyed through the use of visuals and words to create an image. Branding a product makes this differentiation. For example; a particular brand of daal is projected to be tasty and good and to be served to the guest. The other brand of daal identifies itself as nutritious and good for children. The customer can decide which brand to use as per their inclination.
Ques 22: Describe about the Kathak, a popular dance form of North India.
Ans: The term Kathak is derived from katha, a word used in Sanskrit and other languages for story. The Kathaks were originally a caste of story-tellers in temples of North India, who beautified their performances with gestures and songs. Kathak began evolving into a distinct mode of dance in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries with the spread of the bhakti movement. Kathak was performed in the Mughal court. Here it acquired its present features and developed into a form of dance with a distinctive style. Afterwards, it developed in two traditions or gharanas: one in the courts of Rajasthan (Jaipur) and the other in Lucknow. Kathak grew into a major art form, under the patronage of Wajid Ali Shah, the last Nawab of Awadh. By the third quarter of the nineteenth century, it was firmly entrenched as a dance form not only in these two regions, but also in adjoining areas of present-day Punjab, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir, Bihar and Madhya Pradesh. British administrators disfavoured Kathak. However, it survived and continued to be performed by courtesans, and was recognised as one of six classical forms of dance in the country after independence.
Ques 23: Fill in the blanks:
(a) ____ released in the atmosphere creates greenhouse effect.
(b) Third layer of atmosphere is ____.
(c) ____ protects us from the harmful effect of sun rays.
(d) ____ is the most plentiful gas in the air.
(e) ____ is used to measure atmospheric pressure.
Ans: (a) Carbon dioxide
(b) Mesosphere
(c) Ozone layer
(d) Nitrogen
(e) Barometer
Ques 24: Why are the latest technologies costly?
Ans: (i) There are different technologies that media use today and these are costly. T.V. studio with cameras, sound recorders, lights, transmission and satellites cost a lot of money.
(ii) News studio or serial production require the services of large number of people like readers, cameraman, actors, production units, etc and their salaries add to the expenses
(iii) Electronic media also involves money.
(iv) Print media needs offices, machines, people to work on them, people related work like reporting, getting advertisements, marketing or selling. All this again cost a lot of money
(v) Moreover, the technology keeps on changing, and the media has to keep pace with that which itself is costly.
Ques 25: Draw a well labeled diagram of Rock Cycle.
Ans:
