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Class 5 Science - Science Volcanoes Earthquakes and Tidal Waves - Question Answers
Ques 1: What are volcanoes?
Ans: Cracks in the earth’s crust out of which molten magma comes out is called volcanoes.
Ques 2: Name three types of volcanoes?
Ans: The three types of volcanoes are:
- Active Volcanoes
- Dormant Volcanoes
- Extinct Volcanoes
Ques 3: Give one example each of an active and an extinct volcanoes.
Ans: The examples are:
- Active Volcanoes – Mount Fuji
- Extinct Volcanoes – Zuidwal Volcano
Ques 4: What is an earthquake? How is it caused?
Answer: A sudden movement of a part of the Earth’s surface is called earthquake. They are caused by severe shock waves that travel through the solid rocks from the Earth’s crust to the surface.
Ques 5: Give one example of an epicentre and an aftershock of an earthquake in India.
Ans: The example is:
During the Gujarat earthquake of 2001, Bhuj was the epicenter. In the Kashmir earthquake of 2005, aftershock were felt for many days.
Ques 6: What does a seismography measure?
Answer: Seismograph is used to measure and record the intensity, direction and duration of earthquakes.
Ques 7: Write one difference between tidal wave and a tsunami?
Answer: Tidal Wave – It is the rise and fall of sea level. It is caused by the gravitational forces acting between the sun, moon and earth.
Tsunami – These are caused by undersea earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides etc.
Ques 8: Describe the three kinds of volcanoes.
Ans:
| Active Volcanoes | Dormant Volcanoes | Extinct Volcanoes |
| Active volcanoes are those that may erupt at any time or have erupted in the past. Many active volcanoes are found around the Pacific Ocean giving rise to the name “The Pacific Ring of Fire”. For example Mt. Etna in Italy. | Those volcanoes that have not erupted for many years but have chances of erupting again. When a vent becomes blocked by a hardened lava plug, it becomes a dormant volcano. These are also known as sleeping volcanoes. For example Fujiyama in Japan. | Those volcanoes that are not erupted for thousands of years and probably never will are called extinct volcanoes. They are also known as dead volcanoes. For example Mt. Kilimanjaro in Africa. |
Ques 9: What are focus, epicenter and aftershocks?
Answer:
| Focus | Epicenter | Aftershocks |
| The point under the ground where the earthquake begins is called Focus | The spot corresponding to the focus on the Earth’s surface is called Epicenter. | After the first big quake, smaller quakes or tremors may continue to occur is called aftershocks. |
Ques 10: Mention any three effects of an earthquake.
Answer: The three effects of an earthquake are:
- An earthquake, especially a strong one, always causes destruction of property. Buildings may develop cracks or even fall down. Roads and bridges get damaged. Trees get uprooted. Many lose their lives too by getting trapped under the heavy slabs that have fallen etc.
- An earthquake, especially an undersea one, can cause other disasters like tsunami.
- It can cause landslides and fires.
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FAQs on Class 5 Science - Science Volcanoes Earthquakes and Tidal Waves - Question Answers
| 1. What causes a volcanic eruption? |  |
Ans. Volcanic eruptions are caused by the movement of tectonic plates beneath the Earth's surface. When these plates collide or separate, magma, which is molten rock, rises to the surface. The pressure and buildup of gases within the magma chamber eventually lead to an eruption.
| 2. How are earthquakes formed? | |
Ans. Earthquakes are formed when there is a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust. This energy is usually caused by the movement of tectonic plates. When these plates rub against each other or collide, they can get stuck and cause stress to build up. When the stress becomes too great, it is released in the form of seismic waves, resulting in an earthquake.
| 3. What are the effects of tidal waves? | |
Ans. Tidal waves, also known as tsunamis, are large ocean waves that are usually caused by underwater earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. The effects of tidal waves can be devastating. They can cause widespread flooding, destruction of coastal communities, and loss of lives. The immense force and height of these waves can also lead to the displacement of large objects and cause severe damage to infrastructure.
| 4. How can we predict volcanic eruptions? | |
Ans. Predicting volcanic eruptions is a complex task, but scientists use various methods to monitor volcanic activity and make predictions. These methods include monitoring seismic activity, ground deformation, gas emissions, and changes in volcanic water systems. By analyzing these indicators, scientists can assess the likelihood of an eruption and issue warnings to the affected areas.
| 5. Are all earthquakes and tidal waves related to each other? | |
Ans. No, not all earthquakes and tidal waves are related to each other. While both can be caused by tectonic activity, earthquakes occur due to the sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust, whereas tidal waves are primarily caused by underwater disturbances such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or landslides. Earthquakes can trigger tidal waves, but not all earthquakes result in tidal waves, and not all tidal waves are caused by earthquakes.
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