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Table of contents
State Legislature
Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad )
Legislative
Assembly (Vidhan Sabha)
Strength of State Legislatures
High Court
Jurisdiction and Seats of High Court (Total 24)

State Legislature

Status

Can be :
§ UNICAMERAL {One House }
§ BICAMERAL {Two House }
Bicameral Status : 7 States : 1- Bihar-75, 2-J & K -36, 3-Karnataka -75, 4- Telangana-40, 5-Maharashtra -78, 6-UP -108, 7-Andhra Pradesh -50
Legislative Council can be created or abolished on the recommendation of Legislative Assembly.

Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad )

Sr. No.	Status	Also known as Upper House. Like Rajya Sabha, it is also a Permanent House (sort of) and cannot be dissolved.
1	Strength	The total strength cannot exceed 1/3^rd of the strength of Legislative Assembly, subject to a minimum of 40 members. The strength varies as per the population of State.
2	Creation and Abolition	If the Legislative Assembly passes a resolution for abolishing or creating of the Legislative Council by a majority of the total membership of the assembly and by a majority of not less than two-third of the members present and voting, the Parliament may approve the resolution by a simple majority. A resolution passed by the Legislative Assembly for the creation or abolition of its Council is not binding on the Parliament. The Parliament may or may not approve such a situation.
3	Tenure	6 yrs term with 1/3^rd members retiring every two years.
4	Qualification	Same as that of Lok Sabha, except the age which is 30 yrs.
5	Election	One-third of the members are elected by local bodies, one-third by Legislative Assembly, one-twelfth by university graduates of atleast 3 yrs standing, similar proportion by teachers (not less than secondary school) of atleast 3 yrs standing & one-sixth nominated by the Governor from among those persons who distinguish themselves in literature, Vice-chairman among its members.

Legislative

Assembly (Vidhan Sabha)

1	Status	Also known as lower House, just like the Lok Sabha.
2	Strength	Consists of not more than 500 members & not less than 60 members. The strength varies according to the population of the State concerned. However, the Legislative Assembly of Sikkim has only 32 members. Has a term of 5 yrs but can be dissolved by the Governor earlier. Term can be extended by one year during national emergency.
3	Qualification	Same as that of Lok Sabha or Legislative Council except that the minimum age is 25 yrs. The Council of Minister is collectively responsible, to the Assembly. The assembly chooses its’ own Speaker & Deputy Speaker who can be removed by Council of Minister. The Chief Minister is the leader of the House.
4	Powers of State Legislature	Can legislate on subject contained in the State List as well as Concurrent List.
5	Legislature	Exercise control over State Council of Minister (can even remove it by passing the no-confidence motion). Participates in the election of the president. Has a share in the Amendment of Constitution as some provisions can be amended after ratification by the legislatures of half of the State.

Strength of State Legislatures

Sr. No.	States/UTs	Legislative Assembly	Legislative Council	States/UTs	Legislative Assembly	Legislative Council
1	Andhra Pradesh	175	50	Maharashtra	288	78
2	Arunachal Pradesh	40	Nil	Manipur	60	Nil
3	Asom	126	Nil	Meghalaya	60	Nil
4	Delhi	70	Nil	Mizoram	40	Nil
5	Bihar	243	75	Nagaland	60	Nil
6	Jharkhand	81	Nil	Odisha	147	Nil
7	Goa	40	Nil	Puducherry	30	Nil
8	Gujarat	182	Nil	Punjab	117	Nil
9	Haryana	90	Nil	Rajasthan	200	Nil
10	Himachal Pradesh	68	Nil	Sikkim	32	Nil
11	Jammu & Kashmir	87	36	Tamil Nadu	234	Nil
12	Karnataka	224	75	Telangana	119	40
13	Kerala	140	Nil	Tripura	60	Nil
14	Madhya Pradesh	230	Nil	Uttar Pradesh	404	108
15	Chhattisgarh	90	Nil	Uttarakhand	70	Nil
16				West Bengal	294	Nil

High Court

1	Status	Each State has a High Court: it is the highest judicial organ of the State. However, there can be a common High Court like Punjab, Haryana & Union Territory of Chandigarh. Presently there are 24 High Court in India. Consists of Chief Justice & other such judges as appointed by the President. The Constitution, unlike in the case of the Supreme Court, does not fix any maximum number of judges for a High Court. (Allahabad High Court has 37 judges while J&K High Court has only 5). A judge of a High Court can be transferred to another High Court without his consent by the President. In this, the Chief Justice of India is also consulted. The opinion provided by him shall have primacy and is binding on the President.
2	Appointment of Judges	The appointment of Chief Justice made after. Consultation with the Chief Justice of Supreme Court & the Governor of the State by the President. In case of appointment of a Judges, the Chief Justice of the High Court concerned is also consulted in addition to Chief Justice of Supreme Court & Governor of the State concerned.
3	Qualifications	Must be a citizen of India. Should have been an advocate of a High Court or of two such Courts in succession for atleast 10 yrs : or should have held judicial office in India for a period of atleast 10 yrs.
4	Term & Salary	A judge of High Court continues his office till 62 yrs of age. Term can be cut short due to resignation or removal by the President. The Salary of the Chief Justice is Rs. 90,000 per month, while that of other judges is Rs. 80,000 p.m.
5	Removal	The President can remove a judge of High Court only if the Parliament passes the resolution by a 2/3 majority of its members present & voting in each house. The conduct of the judges of the High Court cannot be discussed in Parliament, except on a motion for the removal of a judge.

Jurisdiction and Seats of High Court (Total 24)

Sr. No.	Name	Estd. In the year	Territorial Jurisdiction	Seat
1	Allahabad	1866	Uttar Pradesh	Allahabad (Bench at Lucknow)
2	Hyderabad	1956	Andhra Pradesh and Telangana	Hyderabad
3	Bombay	1862	Maharashtra, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Goa, Daman and Diu	Mumbai ( Bench at Nagpur, Panajiand Aurangabad)
4	Calcutta	1862	West Bengal and Andaman and Nicobar	Kolkata (Circuit Bench at Port Blair)
5	Delhi	1966	Delhi	Delhi
6	Gauhati	1948	Asom, Nagaland, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh	Guwahati (Bench at Kohima and Circuit Benches at Imphal,Agartala & Shillong)
7	Gujarat	1960	Gujarat	Ahmedabad
8	Himachal Pradesh	1971	Himachal Pradesh	Shimla
9	J & K	1957	J & K	Srinagar and Jammu
10	Karnataka	1884	Karnataka	Bangaluru
11	Kerala	1956	Kerala and Lakeshadweep	Ernakulam
12	Madhya Pradesh	1956	Madhya Pradesh	Jabalpur ( Benches at Gwalior and Indore)
13	Madras	1862	Tamil Nadu and Puducherry	Chennai
14	Orissa	1948	Odisha	Cuttack
15	Patna	1916	Bihar	Patna
16	Punjab & Haryana	1966	Punjab, Haryana and Chandigarh	Chandigarh
17	Rajasthan	1950	Rajasthan	Jodhpur ( Bench at Jaipur)
18	Sikkim	1975	Sikkim	Gangtok
19	Bilaspur	2000	Chhattisgarh	Bilaspur
20	Nainital	2000	Uttarakhand	Nainital
21	Ranchi	2000	Jharkhand	Ranchi
22	Tripura	2013	Tripura	Agartala
23	Manipur	2013	Manipur	Imphal
24	Meghalaya	2013	Meghalaya	Shillong

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FAQs on State Legislatures and High Courts - IBPS PO Prelims & Mains Preparation - Bank Exams

1. What is the function of the Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad)?

Ans. The Legislative Council is the upper house of the state legislature and its main function is to review and revise legislation proposed by the lower house, known as the Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha). It acts as a check on the powers of the Legislative Assembly and ensures that legislation is thoroughly debated and scrutinized before becoming law.

2. How is the strength of State Legislatures determined?

Ans. The strength of State Legislatures is determined by the population of the respective states. Seats in the Legislative Assembly are allocated based on the population of the state, with each constituency representing a certain number of people. The more populous the state, the higher the number of seats in the Legislative Assembly.

3. What is the role of the High Court in the state judicial system?

Ans. The High Court is the highest judicial authority in a state and plays a crucial role in the state judicial system. It has the power of judicial review, meaning it can examine the constitutionality of laws and government actions. The High Court also hears appeals from lower courts and has the power to issue writs for the enforcement of fundamental rights.

4. How many High Courts are there in India and where are they located?

Ans. There are a total of 24 High Courts in India, each serving a specific state or group of states. Some of the important High Courts and their locations include the Bombay High Court in Mumbai, the Delhi High Court in New Delhi, the Madras High Court in Chennai, and the Calcutta High Court in Kolkata.

5. What is the relationship between State Legislatures and High Courts?

Ans. State Legislatures and High Courts are both important institutions in the governance and administration of the state. While State Legislatures are responsible for making laws, High Courts are responsible for interpreting and applying those laws. High Courts also have the power to strike down laws that are unconstitutional. The two institutions work together to ensure the proper functioning of the state's legal and legislative systems.

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