CUET Commerce Exam > CUET Commerce Notes > General Test Preparation for CUET > Classification of Indian soils
Classification of Indian soils | General Test Preparation for CUET - CUET Commerce PDF Download
| Table of contents |
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| Major classification of Indian soils |
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| Alluvial soil |
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| Red soil |
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| Black soil / Regur soil |
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| Laterite soil |
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| Desert / arid soil |
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| Peaty / marshy soil |
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| Forest soil |
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| Mountain soil |
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Major classification of Indian soils
According to ICAR (Indian Council of Agricultural Research) soils are divided into 8 categories. they are:
1. Alluvial soil
2. Red soil
3. Black / Regur soil
4. Arid / desert soil
5. Laterite soil
6. Peaty Soil
7. Forest soil
8. Mountain soil
Alluvial soil
- Mostly available soil in India (about 43%) which covers an area of 143 sq.km.Widespread in northern plains and river valleys.In peninsular-India, they are mostly found in deltas and estuaries. New alluvium is termed as Khadarand old alluvium is termed as Bhangar.
- Colour: Light Grey to Ash Grey.
- Texture: Sandy to silty loam or clay.
Red soil
- Seen mainly in low rainfall area. Also known as Omnibus group.
- Colour: Red because of Ferric oxide. The lower layer is reddish yellow or yellow.
- Texture: Sandy to clay and loamy.
Question for Classification of Indian soilsTry yourself: Which type of soil is mainly found in the northern plains and river valleys of India?View Solution
Black soil / Regur soil
Colour: Deep black to light black.
Laterite soil
- Name from Latin word ‘Later’ which means Brick.It becomes so soft when wet and so hard when dried. In the areas of high temperature and high rainfall.
- Colour: Red colour due to iron oxide.
Desert / arid soil
- Seen under Arid and Semi-Arid conditions.
- Colour: Red to Brown.
- Texture: Sandy
Peaty / marshy soil
- Areas of heavy rainfall and high humidity.Growth of vegetation is very less.A large quantity of dead organic matter/humus which makes the soil alkaline
Forest soil
- Regions of high rainfall. Humus content is less and thus the soil is acidic.
Question for Classification of Indian soilsTry yourself: Which soil type is characterized by its high water retaining capacity?View Solution
Mountain soil
In the mountain regions of the country. Immature soil with low humus and acidic.
Sr. No. | Types of Soils | States where found | Rich in | Lacks in | Crops grown |
1 | Alluvial | Mainly found in the plains of Gujarat, Punjab, Haryana, UP, Bihar, Jharkhand etc. | Potash and Lime | LimeNitrogen and Phosphorous | Large variety of rabi and kharif crops such as wheat, rice, sugarcane, cotton, jute etc |
2 | Black (Regur soil) | Deccan plateau- Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh,Tamil Nadu, Valleys of Krishna and Godavari.Lime | Lime, Iron, Magnesia and Alumina, Potash | Phosphorous, Nitrogen and organic matter | Cotton, sugarcane, jowar, tobacco, wheat, rice etc. |
3 | Red | Eastern and southern part of the deccan plateau, Orissa, Chattisgarh and southern parts of the middle Ganga plain. | Iron and Potash | Nitrogen, Phosphorous and humus. | Wheat, rice, cotton, sugarcane and pulses |
4 | Laterite | Karnataka, Kerala, Tamilnadu, Madhya Pradesh, Assam and Orissa hills. | Aluminum and Iron | Organic matter, Nitrogen, Phosphate and Calcium | Cashewnuts, tea, coffee, rubber |
5 | Arid and Desert | Western Rajastan, north Gujarat and southern Punjab | Soluble salts, phosphate | Humus, Nitrogen | Only drought resistant and salt tolerant crops such as barley, rape, cotton, millets maize and pulses |
6 | Saline and Alkaline | Western Gujarat, deltas of eastern coast, Sunderban areas of West Bengal, Punjab and Haryana | Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium | Nitrogen and Calcium | Unfit for agriculture |
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