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India, known for its rich and diverse geography, boasts an extensive network of rivers that crisscross the nation’s vast landscape. These rivers play a vital role in shaping India’s history, culture, and economy. From the mighty Ganges, revered as the sacred lifeline of the country, to the serene backwaters of Kerala, each river has its own unique characteristics and significance. This comprehensive list of rivers in India showcases the breathtaking variety and importance of these water bodies, highlighting their contributions to agriculture, transportation, hydroelectric power, and religious practices. Join us on a fascinating journey through the enchanting rivers that flow through the heartland of India.
Rivers are the veins of the Earth, the powerhouses of life, providing the means and the margins for life to develop and flourish. Water is life and the rivers bring it to us. Where do rivers get their water from?
| S.No. | Rivers | Origin | Length (km) | End-point |
| 1. | Ganga | Gangotri Glacier (Bhagirathi), Uttarakhand | 2,525 | Bay of Bengal |
| 2. | Yamuna | Yamunotri Glacier, Uttarakhand | 1,376 | Merges with Ganga at Allahabad (Triveni Sangam – Kumbh Mela spot |
| 3. | Brahmaputra | Himalayan Glacier in Tibet, but enters India in Arunachal Pradesh | 1,800 | Merges with Ganga and ends in the Bay of Bengal |
| 4. | Chambal | Tributary of Yamuna river, starting at Madhya Pradesh | 960 | Joins Yamuna river in UP |
| 5. | Son | Tributary of Ganga, starting at Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh | 784 | Joins Ganga just above Patna – also considered part of Vindhya river system |
| 6. | Gandak | Nepal; Ganges tributary at Indo-Nepal border (Triveni Sangam) | 630 | Joins Ganga near Patna |
| 7. | Kosi | Starts from Bihar near Indo-Nepal border | 720 | Joins Ganga near Katihar district of Bihar |
| 8. | Betwa | Tributary of Yamuna, rises at Vindhya region, MP | 590 | Joins Yamuna at Hamirpur in UP |
| 9. | Gomti | Tributary of Ganga, starting at Gomat Taal, UP | 900 | Joins Ganga in Varanasi district |
| 10. | Ghaghara | Himalayan Glacier in Tibet, a tributary of Ganga | 1080 | Joins Ganga in Bihar |
| 11. | Hugli (Hooghly) | Tributary of Ganga near West Bengal | 260 | Merges with Ganga at the Bay of Bengal |
| 12. | Damodar | Tributary of Hugli near Chandwara, Jharkhand | 592 | Merges with Hugli in West Bengal |
| 13. | Mahananda | Paglajhora falls, Darjeeling, West Bengal | 360 | Merge in Ganga |
| 14. | Alaknanda | Satopanth & Bhagirathi-Kharak glacier | 190 | Merge in Ganga, Devprayag, Uttarakhand |
| 15. | Bhagirathi | Gaumukh, Uttarakhand | 205 | Merge in Ganga, Devprayag, Uttarakhand |
| 16. | Indus | Originates in Tibetan plateau, Enters India in J&K | 3180 | Merges into Arabian sea near Sindh |
| 17. | Chenab | Upper Himalayas in the Spiti district of Himachal Pradesh | 960 | Merges with Indus |
| 18. | Jhelum | Tributary of Chenab river, Punjab | 725 | Merges with Chenab at Jhang (Pakistan) |
| 19. | Ravi | Starts from Bara Bhangal, Kangra district, Himachal Pradesh | 720 | Joins Chenab in Pakistan |
| 20. | Sutlej | Tributary of Indus river originates at Rakshastal, Tibet | 1500 | Meets Beas river in Pakistan and ends at Arabian sea |
| 21. | Beas | Rises at the Himalayas in central Himachal Pradesh | 470 | Joins Sutlej river in Punjab, India |
| 22. | Parbati | Mantalai Glacier near Pin Prabati Pass | – | Mixes with Beas River at Bhuntar, near Kullu of Himachal Pradesh |
| 23. | Suru | Panzella Glacier, Pensi La Pass, Kargil | 185 | Indus, Nurla, Skardu, Pakistan |
| 24. | Dras | Machoi Glacier, Zoji La, ear Sonamarg, Jammu & Kashmir | 86 | Suru River at Kharul, Kargil |
| 25. | Zanskar | Doda River (First Branch), Kargyag and Tsarap River (Second Branch) | – | Indus River near Nimmu in Ladakh |
| 26. | Tsarap | Pankpo La, Sarchu | 182 | Zanskar River, Padum, Kargil |
| 27. | Doda | Drang-Drung Glacier, Pensi La | 79 | Zanskar River, Padum, Kargil |
| 28. | Kaveri | Talakaveri in Western Ghats in Karnataka | 765 | Ends in Bay of Bengal |
| 29. | Krishna | Originates in the Western Ghats near Mahabaleshwar in Maharashtra | 1400 | Ends in the Bay of Bengal near Andhra Pradesh |
| 30. | Godavari | Starts in Maharashtra and passes through 7 Indian states | 1465 | Empties in Bay of Bengal |
| 31. | Tungabhadra | Tributary of Krishna river staring at Karnataka | 531 | Joins Krishna river along the border of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh |
| 32. | Tapti | Rises in Eastern Satpura Ranges, Madhya Pradesh | 724 | Empties into Gulf of Khambhat, Gujarat |
| 33. | Mahi | Rises in Madhya Pradesh | 580 | Flows into Arabian sea from Gujarat |
| 34. | Narmada | Starts from Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh | 1315 | Drains into Arabian sea via Gulf of Cambay |
| 35. | Indravati | Dandakaranya range, Kalahandi district, Odisha | 535 | Godavari near border of Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh and Telangana |
| 36. | Pranhita | Confluence of Wardha and Wainganga, near Sirpur Kaghaznagar | 113 | Godavari, near Kaleshwaram, Telangana |
| 37. | Wardha | Satpura range, Multai, Betul district of Madhya Pradesh | 528 | Pranhita River |
| 38. | Kolab (Sabari) | Sinkaran hills, Koraput, Odisha | 200 | Godavari |
| 39. | Manjira | Balaghat hills | 724 | Godavari, near Kandakurthi, Karnataka |
| 40. | Wainganga | Satpura range, Mundara, Seoni district, Madhya Pradesh | 579 | Pranhita River |
| 41. | Painganga | Ajanta range, Aurangabad, Maharashtra | 676 | Wardha river, Chandrapur district, Maharashtra |
| 42. | Vedavathi | Confluence of Veda and Avathi | – | Tungabhadra river, near Siruguppa |
| 43. | Bhima | Bhimashankar | 861 | Krishna river, near Raichur |
| 44. | Indrayani | Lonavala, Maharashtra | Bhima river | |
| 45. | Pavana | Sahyadri range, Lonavala Maharashtra | 58 | Mula river |
| 46. | Ghataprabha | Western ghats, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra | 283 | Krishna river, Almatti |
| 47. | Venna | Mahabaleshwar, Maharashtra | 130 | Krishna river, Satara, Maharashtra |
| 48. | Koyna | Mahabaleshwar, Maharashtra | 130 | Krishna river, near Karad, Satara |
| 49. | Amravati | Anamalai Hills, Pambar, Chinnar rivers | 282 | Kaveri river at Karur, Tamil Nadu |
| 50. | Bhavani | Silent Valley National Park, Kerala | 135 | Kaveri river at Kongu Nadu region of Tamil Nadu |
| 51. | Hemavati | Western Ghats, Chikmagalur, Karnataka | 245 | Kaveri river near Krishna Raja Sagara, Karnataka |
| 52. | Mahanadi | Dhamtari, Dandakaranya, Chhattisgarh | 858 | Bay of Bengal, near False Point, Kendrapara, Odisha |
| 53. | Subarnarekha | Chota Nagpur plateau, near Ranchi, Jharkhand | 395 | Kirtania Port, near Talsari, Bay of Bengal |
| 54. | Kangsabati | Chota Nagpur plateau, Purulia district, West Bengal | 465 | Bay of Bengal near Haldia |
| 55. | Penner (Penna) | Nandi Hills, Chikkaballapur district, Karnataka | 597 | Bay of Bengal, near Nellore, Andhra Pradesh |
| 56. | Palar | Nandi hills, Kolar District Karnataka | 348 | Bay of Bengal, near Vayalur, Tamil Nadu |
| 57. | Vaigai | Varusanadu Hills, Tamil Nadu | 258 | Palk Strait, Tamil Nadu |
| 58. | Vellar | Shevaroy Hills | 150 | Bay of Bengal, near Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu |
| 59. | Ponnaiyar | Nandidurg, Chikkaballapur | 400 | Bay of Bengal |
| 60. | Noyyal | Velliangiri Hills, Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu | 180 | Kaveri river |
| 61. | Gomai | Satpura Range | – | Tapti river, near Prakasha, Nandurbar, Maharashtra |
| 62. | Panzara | Near Pimpalaner, Dhule, Maharashtra | – | Tapti river |
| 63. | Purna | Satpura Range, Betul, Madhya Pradesh | – | Tapti river, near Changdev, Maharashtra |
| 64. | Kolar | Vindhya Range, near Sehore district, Madhya Pradesh | 101 | Narmada, near Raisen district of Madhya Pradesh |
| 65. | Tawa | Satpura Range, Betul, Madhya Pradesh | 172 | Narmada near Hoshangabad district |
| 66. | Sabarmati | Dhebar lake, Aravalli range, near Udaipur, Rajasthan | 371 | Gulf of Khambhat |
| 67. | Zuari | Hemad-Barshem in western ghats | 34 | Arabian sea |
| 68. | Ulhas | Near Rajmachi hills, Sahyadri range | 122 | Vasai Creek, Mumbai |
| 69. | Mithi | Vihar lake and Powai lake | 15 | Arabian sea, Mahim creek, Mumbai |
| 70. | Mandovi | Bhimgad, Karnataka | 77 | Arabian sea |
| 71. | Kali | Kushavali, Karnataka | 184 | Arabian sea |
| 72. | Netravati | Kudremukh, Chikmagalur, Karnataka | – | Arabian sea, near Mangalore, Karnataka |
| 73. | Sharavati | Western Ghats, Tirthahalli, Karnataka | 128 | Arabian sea, near Honnavar, Uttar Kannada district, Karnataka |
| 74. | Periyar | Sivagiri hills, Sundaramala, Tamil Nadu | 244 | Lakshadweep sea, Kerala |
| 75. | Bharathappuzha | Anamalai Hills, Tamil Nadu | 209 | Lakshadweep sea, Ponnani, Kerala |
| 76. | Pamba | Pulachimalai Hills, Western Ghats | 176 | Vembanad Lake |
| 77. | Chaliyar | Elambaleri Hills, Western Ghats, Wayanad, Kerala | 169 | Lakshadweep sea, Kerala |
Question for Important Indian Rivers and their OriginTry yourself: Which river is considered the sacred lifeline of India?View Solution
Major River System In India
The majority of the rivers drain into the Bay of Bengal. Some rivers flow across the western section of the country and eventually join the Arabian Sea. Inland drainage occurs in the northern Aravalli range, sections of Ladakh, and arid regions of the Thar Desert. All significant rivers in India flow from one of three major watersheds:
- The Himalaya and the Karakoram range
- The Chota Nagpur plateau and Vindhya and Satpura range
- The Western Ghats
The following are India’s major river systems:
| Indian River Systems | ||
| River System | Total length | Length in India |
| Indus River System | 3180 km | 1114 km |
| Brahmaputra River System | 2900 km | 916 km |
| Ganga River System | 2510 km | 2510 km |
| Yamuna river System | 1376 km | 1376 km |
| Narmada River System | 1312 km | 1312 km |
| Tapi River System | 724 km | 724 km |
| Godavari River System | 1465 km | 1465 km |
| Krishna River System | 1400 km | 1400 km |
| Cauvery River System | 805 km | 805 km |
| Mahanadi River System | 851 km | 851 km |
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| 1. What are the important rivers in India and where do they originate? |  |
Ans. The important rivers in India and their origin are as follows:
- Ganga: Originates from the Gangotri Glacier in the state of Uttarakhand.
- Yamuna: Originates from the Yamunotri Glacier in the state of Uttarakhand.
- Brahmaputra: Originates from the Angsi Glacier in Tibet, China.
- Godavari: Originates from the Brahmagiri Mountain in the state of Maharashtra.
- Krishna: Originates from the Mahabaleshwar in the state of Maharashtra.
| 2. How does the Ganga River contribute to India's water resources? | |
Ans. The Ganga River is one of the most important water resources in India. It provides water for irrigation, drinking, and industrial purposes to millions of people in the northern plains. The river also supports a rich biodiversity and is home to a variety of aquatic life. Additionally, the Ganga River is considered sacred by Hindus, leading to religious practices and rituals being performed on its banks.
| 3. What is the significance of the Brahmaputra River in India? | |
Ans. The Brahmaputra River holds great significance in India. It is a transboundary river that flows through Tibet, China, India, and Bangladesh. In India, it plays a crucial role in the northeastern states of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh. The river is a lifeline for the people living in these regions, providing water for irrigation, transportation, and hydroelectric power generation. It also supports a unique ecosystem and is home to various species of flora and fauna.
| 4. How does the Krishna River impact agriculture in India? | |
Ans. The Krishna River is an important source of water for agriculture in India. It flows through the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana, and Andhra Pradesh, and its water is used for irrigation purposes in these regions. The river provides a reliable water supply for farmers, allowing them to cultivate crops throughout the year. Additionally, the Krishna River is used for hydroelectric power generation, further contributing to India's energy resources.
| 5. What are the major challenges faced by Indian rivers in terms of pollution? | |
Ans. Indian rivers face several challenges in terms of pollution. Some of the major issues include:
- Industrial waste: Discharge of untreated industrial waste into rivers leads to water pollution, affecting both the ecosystem and human health.
- Domestic sewage: Improper disposal of sewage and lack of wastewater treatment plants result in the contamination of river water.
- Agricultural runoff: Excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture leads to the runoff of chemicals into rivers, causing water pollution.
- Solid waste dumping: Improper disposal of solid waste, including plastic, along river banks contributes to pollution and affects the aquatic life.
- River encroachments: Unplanned urbanization and encroachments along river banks lead to waste disposal and construction debris, further polluting the rivers.
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