Civil Engineering (CE) Exam > Civil Engineering (CE) Notes > Fluid Mechanics for Civil Engineering > Past Year Questions: Buoyancy and Floatation
Past Year Questions: Buoyancy and Floatation | Fluid Mechanics for Civil Engineering - Civil Engineering (CE) PDF Download
Question 1. For a body completely submerged in a fluid, the centre of gravity (G) and centre of Buoyancy (0) are known. The body is considered to be in stable equilibrium if [2011 : 1 Mark]
(a) O does not coincide with the centre of mass of the displaced fluid
(b) G coincides with the centre of mass of the displaced fluid
(c) O lies below G
(d) O lies above G
Answer: (d)
Solution: A completely submerged body will be in stable equilibrium when CG lies below the centre of buoyancy. It will be in unstable equilibrium when CG lies above the centre of buoyancy. And when the CG coincides with the centre of buoyancy, the body will be in neutral equilibrium.
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FAQs on Past Year Questions: Buoyancy and Floatation - Fluid Mechanics for Civil Engineering - Civil Engineering (CE)
| 1. What is buoyancy and how does it relate to floatation? |  |
Ans. Buoyancy is the upward force exerted by a fluid on an object submerged or floating in it. It is a result of the difference in pressure between the top and bottom of the object. Floatation, on the other hand, refers to the ability of an object to stay on or near the surface of a liquid, due to the buoyant force counteracting its weight.
| 2. How is the buoyant force calculated? | |
Ans. The buoyant force is calculated using Archimedes' principle, which states that the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. Mathematically, it can be expressed as Fbuoyant = ρfluid × Vdisplaced × g, where ρfluid is the density of the fluid, Vdisplaced is the volume of fluid displaced by the object, and g is the acceleration due to gravity.
| 3. Can an object float in any fluid? | |
Ans. No, an object can only float in a fluid if its average density is less than or equal to the density of the fluid. If the object is denser than the fluid, it will sink. If the object is less dense, it will float. This is why objects made of materials like wood or plastic can float in water, while objects made of materials like iron or steel will sink.
| 4. How does the shape and size of an object affect its buoyancy? | |
Ans. The shape and size of an object can affect its buoyancy. For example, an object with a larger surface area will experience a greater buoyant force because it displaces more fluid. Similarly, objects with irregular shapes may displace different volumes of fluid and therefore experience varying buoyant forces. However, the overall density of the object is the primary factor determining its buoyancy.
| 5. Can the buoyant force ever be greater than the weight of an object? | |
Ans. No, the buoyant force can never be greater than the weight of an object. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. If the buoyant force were greater than the weight of the object, it would cause the object to accelerate upwards, violating the equilibrium conditions. Therefore, the buoyant force can only balance the weight of the object or be less than it, resulting in sinking or floating, respectively.
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