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Solved Examples: Human Health & Disease | NCERT Exemplar & Revision Notes for NEET PDF Download

Q.1. Pullorum disease of poultry is caused by     [AIIMS 2001]
(a) Hemophilus
(b) Mycobacterium
(c) Salmonella
(d) Clostridium
Ans: 
c
Solution:

Infections with Salmonella Pullorum usually cause very high mortality in young chickens and turkeys within the first 2–3 weeks of age.

Q.2. Which of the following is the infective stage of the malarial parasite (Plasmodium)?       [CPMT 1974, 80; AFMC 1985; MP PMT 1993, 2001; Manipal MEE 1995]
(a) Gametocyte
(b) Merozoite
(c) Sporozoite
(d) Trophozoite
Ans: 
c
Solution:

Sporozoite is the infectious form of the malaria parasite, which is injected into people by mosquitoes.

Q.3. Which one of the following conditions though harmful in itself is also a potential saviour from a mosquito borne infectious disease? [CBSE PMT 2003]
(a) Leukemia
(b) Thalassaemia
(c) Sickle cell anaemia
(d) Pernicious anaemia
Ans: 
c
Solution:

Those who are carriers for the sickle cell disease (with one sickle gene and one normal hemoglobin gene, also known as sickle cell trait) have some protective advantage against malaria. Hence, the frequencies of sickle cell carriers are high in malaria-endemic areas.

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FAQs on Solved Examples: Human Health & Disease - NCERT Exemplar & Revision Notes for NEET

1. What are the major factors that contribute to human health and disease?
Ans. Major factors that contribute to human health and disease include genetics, lifestyle choices, environmental factors, and access to healthcare. Genetics plays a significant role in determining an individual's susceptibility to certain diseases. Lifestyle choices such as diet, exercise, and substance use can greatly impact overall health. Environmental factors like pollution, exposure to toxins, and access to clean water and sanitation also play a crucial role. Additionally, access to healthcare services and preventive measures greatly influence human health and disease outcomes.
2. How does the immune system protect the human body from diseases?
Ans. The immune system is the body's defense mechanism against harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It consists of various components such as white blood cells, antibodies, and lymphoid organs. When a pathogen enters the body, the immune system recognizes it as foreign and launches a response to eliminate it. This response may involve the production of specific antibodies, activation of immune cells to destroy the pathogen, and the release of cytokines to signal other immune cells. The immune system also has memory cells that remember previously encountered pathogens, providing long-term protection against future infections.
3. What are some common diseases caused by lifestyle choices?
Ans. Lifestyle choices can contribute to the development of various diseases. Some common diseases caused by unhealthy lifestyle choices include obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, certain types of cancer, and chronic respiratory conditions. Unhealthy diets high in processed foods, excessive consumption of sugary beverages, lack of physical activity, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption are some of the main lifestyle factors linked to these diseases. Making positive lifestyle changes such as adopting a balanced diet, regular exercise, and avoiding harmful habits can significantly reduce the risk of developing these diseases.
4. How does pollution affect human health?
Ans. Pollution can have detrimental effects on human health. Air pollution, for example, can lead to respiratory problems such as asthma, bronchitis, and lung cancer. It can also worsen existing respiratory conditions and increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Water pollution can cause waterborne diseases like cholera and dysentery. Additionally, exposure to environmental toxins and pollutants can have long-term effects on various organs and systems in the body, potentially leading to chronic diseases and even cancer. It is essential to reduce pollution levels and promote clean and sustainable practices to protect human health.
5. How does access to healthcare impact human health and disease outcomes?
Ans. Access to healthcare plays a vital role in determining human health and disease outcomes. Adequate access to healthcare services ensures timely diagnosis, treatment, and preventive measures for various diseases. It allows individuals to receive necessary vaccinations, screenings, and early interventions, reducing the risk of developing severe conditions. Lack of access to healthcare, on the other hand, can result in delayed or inadequate treatment, leading to poorer health outcomes and increased mortality rates. It is crucial to address healthcare disparities and ensure equal access to healthcare for all individuals to improve overall human health.
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