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Question for GATE Past Year Questions: Structure & Properties of Engineering Materials
Try yourself:The number of atoms per unit cell and the number of slip systems, respectively, for a facecentered cubic (FCC) crystal are
[ME 2018, Set-1]
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Question for GATE Past Year Questions: Structure & Properties of Engineering Materials
Try yourself:The crystal structure of aluminium is
[ME 2017, Set-2]
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Question for GATE Past Year Questions: Structure & Properties of Engineering Materials
Try yourself:The material property which depends only on the basic crystal structure is
[ME 2010]
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Question for GATE Past Year Questions: Structure & Properties of Engineering Materials
Try yourself:Which of the following is the correct data structure for solid models?
[ME 2009]
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Question for GATE Past Year Questions: Structure & Properties of Engineering Materials
Try yourself:The effective number of lattice points in the unit cell of simple cubic, body centered cubic, and face centered cubic space lattices, respectively, are
[ME 2009]
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Question for GATE Past Year Questions: Structure & Properties of Engineering Materials
Try yourself:The most widely used reinforcement in modern day FRP tennis racket is
[PI 1992]
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FAQs on GATE Past Year Questions: Structure & Properties of Engineering Materials - Engineering Materials - Mechanical Engineering
| 1. What are the different mechanical properties of engineering materials? |  |
Ans. The different mechanical properties of engineering materials include strength, stiffness, hardness, toughness, ductility, and brittleness. Strength refers to the ability of a material to withstand an applied load without breaking or deforming. Stiffness measures how much a material resists deformation under an applied load. Hardness indicates the material's resistance to indentation or scratching. Toughness is the ability of a material to absorb energy before fracturing. Ductility measures the material's ability to deform under tensile stress without fracturing. Brittleness refers to the tendency of a material to fracture without undergoing significant deformation.
| 2. What is the significance of understanding the structure of engineering materials? | |
Ans. Understanding the structure of engineering materials is crucial because it directly affects their properties and behavior. The atomic or molecular arrangement of a material determines its crystal structure, which in turn influences its mechanical, thermal, electrical, and chemical properties. By studying the structure, engineers can predict and manipulate the material's behavior under different conditions. This knowledge is essential for selecting the right material for a specific application, optimizing manufacturing processes, and ensuring the overall reliability and performance of engineering components.
| 3. How does the microstructure of a material affect its mechanical properties? | |
Ans. The microstructure of a material refers to its internal structure at a microscopic level, including features such as grain size, grain boundaries, phase distribution, and defects. These microstructural characteristics significantly influence the mechanical properties of the material. For example, smaller grain sizes generally lead to higher strength and hardness, as they hinder dislocation movement and promote grain boundary strengthening. The presence of phase boundaries can affect material behavior, such as in the case of phase transformations or precipitation hardening. Defects, such as voids or dislocations, can reduce strength and ductility. Therefore, understanding and controlling the microstructure is essential for tailoring the mechanical properties of engineering materials.
| 4. What is the difference between crystalline and amorphous materials? | |
Ans. Crystalline materials have an ordered and repeating atomic or molecular structure, forming well-defined crystal lattices. This regular arrangement gives rise to characteristic properties such as anisotropy, crystallographic planes, and specific melting points. Examples of crystalline materials include metals, ceramics, and most semiconductors. On the other hand, amorphous materials lack long-range order and have a disordered atomic arrangement. They do not exhibit a characteristic melting point and tend to be isotropic. Amorphous materials include glasses, polymers, and some thin films. The difference in structure between crystalline and amorphous materials affects their properties, such as mechanical strength, transparency, and conductivity.
| 5. How does heat treatment affect the properties of engineering materials? | |
Ans. Heat treatment is a controlled process of heating and cooling a material to alter its microstructure and properties. It can be used to improve the mechanical properties of engineering materials. For example, annealing is a heat treatment process that involves heating a material to a specific temperature and then slowly cooling it. This process relieves internal stresses, refines the grain structure, and increases ductility. Quenching, on the other hand, involves rapid cooling to increase hardness and strength by trapping atoms in a supersaturated state. Tempering is a heat treatment process used to reduce brittleness and improve toughness while maintaining a desirable level of strength. Overall, heat treatment allows engineers to tailor the properties of materials for specific applications.
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